Ngati mawonekedwe a firiji yakale amasiya zomwe mungafune kapena sizingagwirizane ndi kapangidwe katsopano, koma molingana ndi zisonyezo zina zimakukwanirani, musathamangire kusiya "mnzanu" wakale komanso wodalirika. Maonekedwe ake amatha kusinthidwa kupitilira kuzindikira m'maola ochepa chabe ndi manja anu. Kuthetsa vutoli sikudzafunika ndalama zambiri kuchokera kwa inu. Zomwe mukufunikira ndikudziyimira pawokha pafilimu ndikuchita khama pang'ono.
Mawonekedwe:
Pali kusankha kwamafilimu okongoletsa pamsika lero. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kotsala. Mwa iwo:
- zopanga zamtundu uliwonse;
- matumba okutidwa ndi mitundu yonse yamitundu, zamaluwa ndi zokongoletsa zazomera;
- kutsanzira zomangira - matabwa, miyala, njerwa, konkire;
- zithunzi za akatswiri odziwika ndi makanema;
- zolinga zachilengedwe;
- zipsera zanyama;
- kuchotsa.
Ndi makonda anu, mutha kusindikiza chithunzi chilichonse chomwe mungaganizire pafilimu. Palibe zoletsa ndipo ngati mukufuna kuti abale anu azikumwetulirani kuchokera pakhomo la firiji, izi sizingatheke.
Mafilimuwa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu osiyana kutengera mtundu wapansi. Maonekedwe azinthu akhoza kukhala:
- zonyezimira;
- matte;
- galasi;
- olembedwa;
- zojambula;
- zitsulo.
Zinthu zoterezi zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga firiji mumtundu uliwonse wamitundu ndi mitundu.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Musanapite ku sitolo kuti mudzipangire nokha, ndi bwino kuti muganizire mwatsatanetsatane mbali zake zabwino komanso zoyipa pokhapokha mutapanga chisankho.
Ubwino waukulu wa filimuyi ndi izi:
- mtengo wa bajeti womwe umapangitsa kanema kukhala zinthu zomwe zimapezeka;
- phale lolemera la mithunzi, kusankha kwabwino kwambiri kwa zipsera ndi mawonekedwe;
- limakupatsani kubisala Madontho aliuma, zimakhalapo ang'onoang'ono ndi tchipisi padziko firiji;
- amateteza utoto pakuwonongeka;
- Imagwira kwa nthawi yayitali osazimiririka;
- osawopa chinyezi ndi zotsekemera, kotero kutsuka pafupipafupi sikuwononga chovalacho;
- amatha kugwira ntchito zaka zambiri, kwinaku akuwonekabe bwino;
- kuyika kosavuta - ndizotheka kuphimba m'firiji ndi manja anu.
Chobweza chokha cha kanema ndikulephera kwake kukonza zonyansa m'munsi. Ndikofunikira kupatula kulowererapo kwa ma particles akunja pansi pazinthuzo. Kuti mukwaniritse bwino chinsalu, muyenera kuyeretsa ndikuwotcha pamwamba pa firiji.
Momwe mungasankhire
Choyipa cha makanema osiyanasiyana ndikuti zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu wosadziwa zambiri amvetsetse kuchuluka konseku ndikusankha chinthu chomwe chingakumbukire zofunikira zonse.
Katundu wamakanema
Pali makanema opanga osiyanasiyana pamsika, ndipo mawonekedwe azithunzi, makulidwe azinthu ndi mtengo wake zimadalira izi. Mtengo wovomerezeka ndi kukoma sikuyenera kukhala kosankha posankha malonda. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti firiji izikhala mchipinda chomwe chinyezi chambiri ndi kutentha zimakhalapo mwachisawawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zaku khitchini zimawululidwa ndikuzunzidwa pafupipafupi ndi mafuta owaza ndi zonyansa zina. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ofunikira kwambiri pazodzikongoletsa adzakhala izi:
- kukana kwamadzi - mawonekedwe a mankhwalawa sayenera kudwala chifukwa cha nthunzi, condensation, madzi ndi zotsekemera;
- kukana kuwala kwa dzuwa - chithunzicho chiyenera kukhala ndi mitundu yowala nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito;
- kukana kumva kuwawa - coating kuyanika kuyenera molimba mtima kupirira kuyeretsa kochuluka, popanda zomwe zida za kukhitchini sizingatheke.
Kuti musalakwitse ndikusankha, musanagule, muyenera kudziwitsa mawonekedwe azinthuzo komanso zitsimikizo za wopanga.
Posankha zakuthupi, choyambirira, muyenera kulabadira:
- zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu. Monga chinthu chachikulu, polyester, propylene, polyvinyl chloride ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Komanso, zikuchokera lili plasticizers zosiyanasiyana ndi stabilizers. Kuuma kwa kanema wamtsogolo kumatengera ndi omwe amapangira ma plasticizers. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito nsalu zosiyanasiyana ndi mapepala;
- guluu - nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito akiliriki, labala kapena silicone;
- kapangidwe kazinthuzo - wosakwatiwa kapena wosanjikiza kawiri;
- mtundu wapamwamba - wowala, matte, galasi;
- cholinga - posankha kanema, muyenera kuganizira komwe agwiritse ntchito;
- makhalidwe okongoletsera.
Kujambula
Ubwino waukulu wazodzikongoletsa ndichosankha chachikulu cha mitundu yonse ya zipsera. Izi zimapatsa wopanga ufulu wonse wogwira ntchito, amakulolani kupanga popanda kuletsa malingaliro anu ndikubwera ndi zosankha zosayembekezereka kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa zofunikira zina posankha mtundu winawake.
- Kukula. Chidutswa chomwe chili pakatikati pa kanemayo sichiyenera kupotozedwa, chifukwa chake kukula kwake sikuyenera kupitirira pamwamba kuti kudulidwe.
- Fomuyi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti firiji ili ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi, ndipo kutalika kwake kumapitilira m'lifupi mwake. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusankha zithunzi zozungulira.
- Mutu. Zithunzi zenizeni, zithunzi zazikulu, zojambula zanyama, zokongoletsera ndi mapangidwe, mapangidwe a collage, zithunzi zowoneka bwino ziziwoneka bwino mufiriji;
- Kusintha. Kumveka bwino kwa chithunzichi kumatengera kuchuluka kwa mapikiselo pa cm iliyonse ya kanema.
- Maonekedwe. Ganizirani zitsogozo zomwe mwasankha. Kwa khitchini ya Provence, kanema wokhala ndi chithunzi cha maluwa kapena malo akumidzi ndi wangwiro, kalembedwe ka ku Japan kadzakongoletsa chithunzi cha sakura, ndipo kalembedwe kaukadaulo wapamwamba ndibwino kuti musankhe mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amtundu.
Njira ndi mtundu wa kusindikiza
Pali matekinoloje osiyanasiyana osindikiza zithunzi zodzipangira.
- Kusindikiza pazenera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri posindikiza zotsatsa ndipo amakulolani kuti mukhale ndi chithunzi chapamwamba kwambiri chosagwirizana ndi zinthu zakunja. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi pa vinyl, metallized kapena holographic makanema amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- Kusindikiza kwa digito pogwiritsa ntchito inki zosungunulira kapena eco-solvent, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kutulutsa kokwanira komanso kolondola kwa mithunzi. Kulowera kozama kwa inki mu kanema kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa chithunzicho. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga makanema amkati.
- Makina osindikizira. Poterepa, kusamutsira zolembedwazo kumachitika mu magawo awiri - woyamba pa ng'oma ya mphira, kenako ndikutulutsa kanema.
- Kusindikiza kwakukulu. Kukwanitsa kupanga zinthu zazikulu kwambiri kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito popanga zikwangwani zowonetsera, zikwangwani, zokongoletsera zapanyumba ndi pansi. Mtengo wa zithunzizi umakwaniritsidwa pakukhazikika kwawo - moyo wautumiki ukhoza kukhala wowonjezera kapena kupatula zaka zitatu.
- Kusindikiza kwa Flexo. Chogudubuza chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza zithunzi.
Kukula
Kuti chithunzi chikhalebe ndi mawonekedwe ake chikasindikizidwa, kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi kofanana ndi malo omwe akukonzekera kukongoletsedwa. Chizindikiro ichi nthawi zambiri chimatchulidwa m'ma pixels. Kuti musinthe miyezo iyi kukhala metric, muyenera kudziwa kuti pafupifupi ma pixel 38 amatha kukwana pa 1 cm. Kutengera izi, mutha kuwerengera kuti ngati firiji yanu ili kutalika 180 ndipo m'lifupi ndi 55, ndiye kuti muyenera kusankha zithunzi zokhala ndi pixels za 6800 pofika 2090. Popeza ndizokayikitsa kuti padzakhala kotheka kupeza chithunzi choyenera chokhala ndi magawo amenewa pagulu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kabati yosungira ya kampani yomwe imasindikiza kanema. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito yopanga masanjidwe ndi yaulere, bola ngati mungayitanitse zokongoletsa za kampaniyi.
Momwe mungadzimangirire nokha
Kukongoletsa firiji kumachitika magawo angapo. Njirayi ndiyosavuta kuchita, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuthana nayo nokha. Tengani nthawi yanu mukamagwira ntchito, makamaka ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chodula chokha. Muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mosamala kwambiri kuti musawononge zinthuzo.
Zida zofunikira ndi zida
Choyamba, konzekerani zida ndi zida zotsatirazi:
- filimu yodzikongoletsa;
- chikhomo kapena pensulo;
- mpeni wa putty;
- utsi;
- lumo;
- madzi ochapira mbale;
- mowa;
- nsalu youma ya microfiber.
Kukonzekera kwapamwamba
Pakadali pano, muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera firiji. Chipangizocho chiyenera kumasulidwa ku chakudya, kutsekedwa, kupukutidwa ndikusambitsidwa bwino. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuchotsa zonse zomwe zilipo. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kuti athe kuyika kanemayo ngati pepala limodzi popanda kuphatikizika ndi malo olumikizana. Kuti mugwire bwino ntchitoyi, werengani malangizo a firiji yanu. Ngati mwatsopano pakugwiritsa ntchito kanema, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muchotse chitseko, chifukwa ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi malo omwe ali opingasa. Ngati muli ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, gawoli litha kuchotsedwa.
Malo onse oti alumikizidwe ayenera kukhala oyera komanso opanda mafuta. Gwiritsani ntchito sopo wamadzi wosamba, kenako muzimwa madziwo. Onetsetsani kuti palibe zinyalala pamtunda. Ngakhale zazing'ono kwambiri mwa iwo ziwonetsedwa kudzera mufilimuyo ndikuwononga mawonekedwe a firiji. Kukanda kwakukulu ndi tchipisi titha kukhala ndi zotsatira zofananira, choncho zipangeni mchenga bwino.
Miyeso ndi zoyenera za chithunzicho
Ikani chinsalu pakhomo kapena mbali ya firiji. Onetsetsani kuti zojambulazo zikugwirizana ndendende momwe zimayenera kukhalira. Ngati ndi kotheka, gwirizanitsani chithunzicho ndi malire a malo omata. Timasiya malire m'mbali mwake, zomwe zidzakhala zokwanira kupanga mapangidwe.
Gluing youma
Mwatsatanetsatane mbuye kalasi
- Timakonza mzerewo m'mphepete mwa tepi kuti chithunzicho chisasunthe.
- Timayamba kumata pamwamba pakona yakumanzere. Pindani pangodya ndikusiyanitsa maziko.
- Timamatira mbali yomata ya ngodyayo ndikusalaza ndi nsalu, kuyambira pakati kupita pansi kenako mbali.
- Timapitiliza kuchotsa pang'onopang'ono ndikumata chinsalucho, kuchisalaza kuyambira pakati mpaka mbali. Kuthamangira kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa thovu ndi mabala. Ngati atero, yesetsani kuwomba mphepo m'mphepete.
Singano yokhazikika ndi choumitsira tsitsi zitha kuthana ndi thovu ndi makwinya. Timaboola thovu ndikuwasalala. Kutenthetsani makutu ake ndi chowumitsira tsitsi ndikutambasula pang'ono.
- Mphepete mwa kanemayo muyenera kukankhidwira pakatikati pa chitseko ndi gulu labala ndi spatula, ndipo zinthu zowonjezerazo ziyenera kudulidwa ndi mpeni.
Kulumikizana konyowa
Gawo ndi tsatane malangizo
- Konzani sopo wofatsa powonjezera pang'ono sopo wamadzi m'madzi. Imafunika kunyowetsa panja pa firiji.
- Thirani yankho mu botolo la kutsitsi.
- Ikani kanemayo pankhope pake pansi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malo owerengera, ndipo ngati mawonekedwe ake sali okwanira, samizani pansi, choyamba muphimbe ndi nsalu yoyera.
- Gawani mzere wazitali masentimita 2-3 kuchokera m'mphepete mwake ndikudula.
- Ikani tepi yomata m'mphepete mwake ndikuthyola ndi nsalu youma. Zotsatira zake zimayenera kuchotsedwa ndi spatula ya labala. Ngati simungathe kuzichotsa, ingobowoleni ndi singano ndikuwongolera zinthuzo ndi chikwapu kapena chiguduli.
- Pindulani chidutswa cha kanema ndi chithunzi chikuyang'ana mkati.
- Dutsani pamwamba pa chitseko.
- Pewani papepalalo, ikani kanemayo, mosamala bwino pamwamba pake.
- Onetsetsani zokutira pafupipafupi ngati thovu ndikuyesera kutulutsa mpweya m'mphepete mwake.
- Yanikani kanema ndikuyika zovekera.
Momwe mungasamalire kanemayo
Kusamalira firiji yokhala ndi zojambulazo ndizofanana ndi kusamalira mipando wamba. Mankhwala ochotsera gel osakaniza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa pamwamba. Mankhwala okhwima adzayenera kusiya. Ndizosavomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito masiponji owuma ndi zingwe kapena maburashi olimba.
Momwe mungachotsere kanema wakale
Ngati mwatopa ndi mitundu ya firiji yanu kapena kutopa ndi zojambulazo, mutha kuchotsa kanema. Koma sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito utoto kapena kumata gawo lachiwiri la kanema kuti mukonzenso mkatimo pazovala zakale. Pali njira imodzi - zolembedwazi ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Funso lalikulu ndi momwe mungadzichotsere zomata ndikusunga umphumphu wa utoto?
Njira zosokoneza
- Ndi madzi otentha. Yesetsani kuthira chivundikirocho bwinobwino ndipo pakatha mphindi zochepa yambani kuchotsa filimuyo. Mutha kutenga wosanjikiza wowonda ndi mpeni kapena spatula. Samalani kuti musawononge mawonekedwe a firiji.
- Ngati madzi otentha alephera, gwiritsani choumitsira tsitsi. Timatenthetsa bwino, ndikubwezeretsanso mamasukidwe akayidi ku guluu, kuti athe kutulutsa kanema mosavutikira. Momwemonso, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira tsitsi, popeza ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu, koma ngati sichipezeka, chowumitsira tsitsi kunyumba chimachita.
- Mutha kusintha chowumitsira tsitsi ndi chotenthetsera ndi fan. Timayika pamayendedwe olimba kwambiri ndikulitsogolera ku chida chomwe chimafunika kutsukidwa. Nkhaniyo ikakhala yocheperako komanso pulasitiki yambiri, timayang'ana m'mphepete mwa filimuyo ndikuilekanitsa mosamalitsa.
- Guluu wotsalawo uchotsedwa ndi wowonda, mafuta kapena mowa.
Mapeto
Njira zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa firiji - decoupage kapena utoto. Njira yosinthira chida chakale kukhala chinthu chojambulidwa ndichinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndi mwana wanu. Ganizirani kuti azikongoletsa m'firiji ndi zopukutira m'manja kapena ajambule china m'malo mowononga mapepala amtengo wapatali. Maginito okongola amakwaniritsa mapangidwe ake. Pezani kudzoza kuchokera pazithunzi zathu, zomwe zimapereka zitsanzo zenizeni za zokongoletsa mafiriji.
