Kukhazikitsidwa kwa khonde lofunda kumapangitsa kulumikizana ndi ma square mita ena kubalaza, komwe sikungakhale kopepuka. Ngakhale chipindacho sichimasiyana pamitundu yake yayikulu, ndizotheka kukonza malo ogwira ntchito: ofesi, chipinda chogona, malo ochitira masewera, laibulale, boudoir komanso chipinda chodyera chaching'ono. Kutsiriza ndiye gawo loyamba la ntchito yokonzanso. Mutha kuyika khonde moyenera, kuyitchinga ndikuyiyika "gloss" pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana. Msika wa zomangamanga umapereka osiyanasiyana, koma mapanelo apulasitiki amawoneka bwino motsutsana ndi maziko a matabwa, MDF, chipboard ndi drywall. Kwa ogula zoweta, zinthuzo zidasiya kukhala zachilendo kwanthawi yayitali, koma sizinathenso kutchuka konse. Nthano zimayendabe mozungulira dzina loti "pulasitiki": za kawopsedwe kake, kusalimba komanso kusadalirika. Izi ndizomwe PVC inali zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, pomwe ukadaulo wopanga umapangidwe udalibe. Pulasitiki amakono ndi akale - zida ndizosiyana kwathunthu pakuwonekera komanso mawonekedwe. Tsoka ilo, kwa ogula ambiri, kusintha kwamtunduwu kwadutsa mwakachetechete komanso mosazindikira, ndipo malingaliro pazinthu zakale adatsalira. Tiyeni tikambirane momwe mungasankhire zinthu zoyenera komanso momwe mungamalize khonde ndi mapanelo apulasitiki.
Za zakuthupi
Ngakhale wogula adadziwa pulasitiki posachedwa, zinthuzo zidapangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka zapitazi. Komanso, wasayansi yemwe adalandira chilinganizo chosilira sanayese konse kupanga chinthu chofananira. Panthawiyo, anali kugwira ntchito ina. PVC, monga zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zakhala zotchuka komanso zopindulitsa anthu (tenga, penicillin), zitha kutchedwa zotsatira za kuyeserera kosasintha.
Pulasitikiyo poyamba inali yolemera ndipo inali ndi phulusa. Zinthu zotere sizinali zoyenera kukongoletsa mkati ndipo sizimatha kupikisana ndi matabwa otengera zinyalala zamatabwa (chipboard, MDF). Idafuna kusintha, zomwe opanga adathamangira kuti achite, omwe adazindikira pamaso pa ena kuti PVC ndi tsogolo. Iwo molimba mtima amayesetsa kuti akhale angwiro, ndipo pamapeto pake ku Germany, luso lamakono linapangidwa (njira yopangira thovu la PVC), lomwe linabweretsa polyvinyl chloride kwa mtsogoleri wamsika pomaliza zinthu (osati kokha). Mapanelo a PVC asakhale opepuka ndipo mawonekedwe awo ndi osalala. Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana idayamba kudzazidwa mwachangu ndi zitsanzo zatsopano zotsanzira mitundu ingapo yazinthu: mitundu yokongola yamatabwa, "zododometsa" ndi "mizere" yofanana ndi miyala, yolimba njerwa. Mapanelo a polyvinyl chloride adayamba m'malo mwa utoto ndi mapepala, zotchinga, chipboard ndi fibreboard, zowuma. Ochita mpikisano anali kutaya pang'onopang'ono, ndipo PVC, chifukwa chakupezeka kwake, idagonjetsa msika.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za zomaliza ndi zida
Nanga ndi chiyani chabwino ndi PVC komanso chomwe chimayambitsa dzina lalitali komanso lovuta? M'malo mwake, zonse ndizosavuta: masikelo omwe amalembedwa kuti "maubwino" amaposa kwambiri chidebecho chomwe chili ndi "zoyipa". Chiŵerengero ichi cha zabwino ndi zoyipa chinali chinsinsi pakudziwika kwa nkhaniyo. Mndandanda wautali wa maubwino a PVC umaphatikizapo:
- Mtengo wotsika. Mapanelo a PVC ndiabwino kukonzanso bajeti. Kuchuluka "kwamtengo" pamtunduwu kwapeza mulingo woyenera.
- Kulimbana ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Izi ndizoyenera zipinda zofunda ndi zipinda zozizira, momwe kutentha kumasiyana ndi kutentha kwakunja ndi madigiri angapo.
- Kuzimitsa nokha komanso kutentha kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro olakwika, pulasitiki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mkati sizovuta kuyatsa. MDF, chipboard ndi fiberboard zimayatsa kutentha pang'ono ndipo zimatulutsa utsi wowononga kwambiri ndi zinthu zapoizoni pakuyaka. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali "guluu" womwe ulusi wamatabwa ndi zometa zomwe zimapanga matabwa zimagwiridwa pamodzi.
- Kuchepetsa kukhazikitsidwa. Mapanelo apulasitiki ndi osavuta kudula, ndipo njira zolimbitsira sizingayendetse ngakhale akatswiri osadziwa zambiri.
- Low kukana kuwonongeka kwa makina. Mapulasitiki apulasitiki siosalimba, koma kukhudzika kwamphamvu kumatha kuwononga mawonekedwe awo ndikupanga chiwonongeko. Zigawo zotere za khoma kapena denga zimatha kusinthidwa popanda kuphwanya nsalu zotsalazo.
- Kukaniza chinyezi. Pulasitiki saopa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi madzi. Chifukwa cha izi, mapanelo ndiotchuka osati zokongoletsera zipinda ndi ma loggias, komanso mabafa ndi khitchini.
- Zosavuta kusamalira. Mapanelo amatha kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala am'nyumba, chifukwa zinthuzo sizowopa ngakhale zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi abrasive. Palibe ma pores apulasitiki, momwe fumbi ndi dothi zimatha kutseka. Chifukwa chaichi, zinthuzo sizimasonkhanitsa "madipoziti" a nkhungu ndi cinoni.
- Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- Zowonjezera kutentha ndi kutchinjiriza kwa mawu. Mapanelo a PVC sadzakutenthetsani ndi chisanu choopsa, koma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe am'manja, "athandizira" kutchinjiriza kwakukulu kuti asunge kutentha mkati mwa khonde.
- Kulemera pang'ono. Ubwino wama phukusi umagwira ntchito yapadera makamaka pamakonde, chifukwa sikulangizidwa kuti azitsitsa nyumbazi, makamaka pakutha kwa gawolo.
Kuphatikizanso kwina mu "piggy bank" yama PVC mapanelo kudzakhala kusowa kwakufunika kokhazikika pamwamba pa khoma kapena kudenga musanayikemo. Zinthuzo, m'malo mwake, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa zolakwika. Ponena za moyo wautumiki, opanga amapereka ziwerengero zosiyana: kuyambira zaka 25 mpaka 50. Mwina mapanelo atha kuyimiradi kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, koma ndi chinsinsi chotani m'mene adzakumanirane ndi ukalamba wawo.
Zachidziwikire, mu mbiya iliyonse ya uchi pali malo oti ntchentche mafuta. Ngakhale mndandanda wazovuta za PVC ndizocheperako kuposa mndandanda wazabwino, wina sangatchule izi:
- Mapanelo a PVC ndi osalimba ndipo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kwamakina. Tanena kale izi pakupita. Ngati tiyerekeza mphamvu ya polyvinyl chloride ndi MDF kapena chipboard, zinthuzo zitha kutayika ndi mphambu zowononga. Kujambula kufanana ndi mtengo wolimba sikofunika konse.
- Kuyaka kwa poyizoni. PVC siyiyaka, koma imasungunuka. Osayika pafupi magetsi pafupi. Pakusintha, zinthuzo zimatha kutulutsa zinthu zapoizoni, ngakhale zili zochepa kwambiri kuposa, ngati, chipboard mukamawotcha. Kuwopsya kwa zakuthupi kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera luso laukadaulo. Zinthu zotsika mtengo zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi ogulitsa achinyengo ndizowopsa ku thanzi la anthu. Mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri a polyvinyl chloride ayenera kukhala ndi "pasipoti" - satifiketi yapadera.
- Kutopa. Tsoka ilo, mapanelo a PVC amasowa padzuwa mzaka zochepa chabe. Vutoli ndilofunika makamaka pamakonde otseguka ndi dzuwa. Izi zimawonekera makamaka pamakina owala bwino. Kwa mapanelo oyera oyera, vutoli ndilofunika, koma zinthu zoterezi ndizotopetsa komanso zosasangalatsa. Posachedwa, opanga akhala akuyesera ndikupanga zitsanzo zatsopano zomwe sizimagwira mwamphamvu mukakumana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Cholakwika china chazomwe zitha kukhala pamndandandawu - kukondera. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa ogula zoweta, omwe, mosazindikira, amagwirizanitsa kutsika mtengo ndi zotsika, komanso liwu loti "pulasitiki" - wokhala ndi zotayira zapa tebulo komanso mipando yakunja yotsika.
Zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi
Mapanelo apulasitiki amagawika malinga ndi zinthu zitatu zazikulu (kupatula kusiyanasiyana kwamapangidwe):
- Kukula.
- NKHANI coating kuyanika.
- Kukonzekera njira.
- Mtundu kulumikiza (kosatayana, chamfered, embossed).
Tiyeni tikambirane za gulu lililonse mwatsatanetsatane.
Woyenerera mapanelo
Makulidwe a mapanelo a PVC amatha kusiyanasiyana. Makulidwe awo amatengera cholinga:
- Mapanelo okutira khoma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi cm 0,8 masentimita mpaka 2-3 masentimita (palinso zowonjezera).
- Mapanelo okongoletsera kudenga ndi ochepa thupi, makulidwe awo amasiyanasiyana mu 0,5 cm-0.8 cm.
Kutalika kwamapangidwe kungakhalenso kosiyana, koma zosankha zambiri ndi 2.7 m, 3.5 m, 5.95 m Kutalika kumasiyana pakati pa 0.1-0.5 m.
Mwa mtundu wophimba
Kutengera mtundu wa zokutira, mapanelo apulasitiki amagawika m'magulu atatu:
- Mitundu yosavuta yolimba. Pamwamba pake mulibe mawonekedwe, chifukwa chake palibe zokutira zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukhazikika pamodzi kungaoneke kotopetsa kwa ambiri. Zipangizo zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popangira maofesi.
- Wopukutidwa. Chojambula chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pazinthuzo pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira kapena kutanthauzira kwamatenthedwe. Kuti akonze chithunzicho, gululi lakutidwa ndi varnish yapadera pamwamba. Zolembazo zimayeretsa pulasitiki, koma nthawi yomweyo imapangitsa kuti ikhale "yosakhwima" komanso yosavuta kukanda komwe kumaonekera pamtunda wotere.
- Laminated. Pamwamba pamapangidwe amakongoletsedwa ndi kapangidwe kake. Zinthu zopangika nthawi zambiri zimatsanzira mokhulupirika matabwa kapena miyala.
Ngakhale mapanelo okhala ndi lacquered komanso laminated amawoneka olemera ndikuwonjezera mitundu yazinthu zomalizira, ndi omwe amavutika ndi "photophobia" ndipo amatha kuchepa. Tsoka ilo, "zokongola" ndi "zothandiza" sizimayenderana nthawi zonse.
Mwa kupanga njira
Mapanelo a PVC amapangidwa m'mitundu itatu:
- Matailosi.
- Kuyika.
- Mapepala zakuthupi.
Choyikiracho ndi ma slats ataliatali omwe amatha kuikidwa mopingasa kapena mozungulira, kutengera kutalika kwake ndi kukula kwa chipinda. Mapepala - ma module, kutalika kwake komwe kumatha kufikira 4 mita m'lifupi - 2.3 m. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokhoma khoma. Tsamba limodzi lokha limatha kudera lalikulu, motero kuyika kumachitika mwachangu. Zosiyanazo ndizabwino kwa "aulesi" kapena amisiri ofulumira.
Momwe mungasankhire yoyenera
Musanapite ku sitolo yamagetsi, tengani malangizo angapo okuthandizani kusankha zinthu zabwino kwambiri:
- Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana satifiketi yazogulitsa. Chogulitsa chokha chokha chitha kutchedwa mtundu.
- Kukula kwa gululi kumatha kufufuzidwa ndikungokakamira chala chanu. Ngati chiwonetserocho chimatsalira, ndiye kuti pamwamba pake pamasinthasintha kwambiri ndipo sichiyenera kumaliza khonde.
- Mtengo wazinthuzo uyenera kufufuzidwa mkati. Mbaliyo imayenera kufinyidwa ndi zala ziwiri ndikuwona momwe owumitsirako amakhalira pocheka. Ngati ataswa, ndiye kuti zinthu zotere sizikhala nthawi yayitali. Zowuma kwambiri zakuthupi, ndizolimba kwambiri.
- Chenjerani ndi kugula mapanelo a mthunzi wowala "mbewa". Mtundu wa zinthuzo nthawi zambiri umawonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zingapangidwenso.
Ngati pali malingaliro ogula kwakukulu kwa zinthu "zoti adzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo", ndiye kuti ndibwino kutenga mapanelo kuchokera pagulu limodzi, ndiye kuti akutsimikiziridwa kuti sangasiyanitse mitundu ndi matani angapo. Pasapezeke zokometsera, zokopa kapena tchipisi pamwamba pake. Onetsetsani kuti muwone kulumikizana kwake: payenera kukhala msoko wofanana, pakati pa mapanelo awiriwo, ndipo m'mbali mwa ma module akuyenera kufanana ngati kiyi ndi loko.
Momwe mungapangire kuwerengera
Kuwerengera kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta. Muyenera kudziwa bwino magawo awiri:
- Pamwamba kuti veneered.
- Kutalika ndi kutalika kwa mapanelo amachulukitsidwa kuti apatse gawo la gawo limodzi.
Zachidziwikire, kuwonjezera apo, muyenera kuzindikira mtundu wa gulu (pepala, matailosi, akalowa).
Njira zowunikira
Pali njira ziwiri zokwezera mapanelo:
- Mwachindunji pamwamba pakhoma pogwiritsa ntchito zomata zapadera.
- Pabokosi.
Njira yoyamba ndiyabwino kwambiri pamakonde "ozizira", popeza palibe malo otsekemera pankhaniyi. Tiyeni tione njira zonsezo mwatsatanetsatane.
Kusala ndi guluu
Mapanelo amatha kukhazikika ndi guluu pamakoma athyathyathya. Kutsetsereka pang'ono kapena kusalinganika kudzaonekera pamwamba pagululo. Muyenera kugula guluu wapadera. Idzalumikiza bwino khoma ndi pulasitiki, motero sizingatheke kusinthiratu chokongoletsera china pambuyo pake, chimangotulutsidwa "ndi nyama". Chovuta chachikulu cha njirayi ndikosatheka kuyika zotchinga pansi pazinthuzo. Poterepa, mapanelo amangopanga mawonekedwe a "kumaliza kokongola" ndikusunga pang'ono (pang'ono) dera lomwe likadapatsidwa lathing.
Kusala ndi crate
Lathing kapena chimango chili ndi maubwino owonekera omwe amanyoza momwe mapanelo amakhalira ndi guluu:
- Zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo likhazikike.
- Limakupatsani kuwonjezera wosanjikiza kutchinjiriza.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kusinthira mbali zonse ziwiri (ngati ndi zamakwinya kapena zosweka), ndi zokutira zonse, mwachitsanzo, panali chikhumbo komanso kuthekera kukweza khonde ndi zinthu zina.
Kukhazikitsa kwa lathing kumapangitsa kuti makoma azikhala ndi mapanelo, koma masewerawa ndi ofunika kwa kandulo, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malangizo a DIY mwatsatanetsatane kuti mumalize
Chifukwa chake, tasankha njira yodalirika komanso yolimba yoyikamo mapulasitiki - ndi crate. Kuyenda konse kumagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Gawo loyamba. Miyeso, kugula kwa zida, zida zosankhidwa.
- Kukonzekera makoma.
- Kukhazikitsa kwa lathing.
- Kutentha.
- Kukhazikitsa kwa mapanelo.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone gawo lililonse mwatsatanetsatane.
Zida ndi zida
Kuti mugwire ntchito ndi mapanelo apulasitiki, mufunika zida zomwe zilipo kale mu "sutikesi yakuda" ya mbuye aliyense wodzilemekeza. Simuyenera kugula chilichonse chachilendo kapena chachilendo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala ndi zida ndi zida zotsatirazi:
- Roulette, mulingo, pensulo.
- Chinyengo cha chitsulo ndi mpeni womanga.
- Kubowola, zomangira (zingasinthidwe ndi chowongolera).
- Yomanga stapler.
- Dowels, zomangira zodziyimira zokha ndi manja a raba.
- Kutchinjiriza (polystyrene ndi thovu polyurethane).
- Mbiri yazitsulo yama battens.
- Maupangiri amapaneli.
- Mapulasitiki apulasitiki.
Payokha, kukonzekera khoma, putty ndi choyambira amafunika. Ngati pali ming'alu yayikulu, ndiye kuti amayenera kutsukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chopukusira.
Kukonzekera makoma
Sizingatenge nthawi kukonzekera makoma. Ngati ali osagwirizana, ndiye kuti lathing imathandizira kukonza cholakwika ichi, ndipo kumaliza sikudzaulula chinsinsi choyipa ichi. Muyenera kuthana ndi kupezeka kwa ming'alu panokha. Choyamba muyenera kupenda mozungulira malo ozungulira khonde. Ngati ming'alu ndi ming'alu ikupezekabe, ndiye kuti imatsukidwa bwino, kenako imakutidwa ndi putty. Zolembazo zikauma, khoma limakutidwa ndi choyambira. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi antiseptic ndikusindikiza. Zidzateteza kunyowa kwa khoma, mawonekedwe a nkhungu ndi cinoni, "kutayikira" kwa kutentha. Choyambirira chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu malaya awiri kuti chikhale cholimba. Pambuyo pouma (ndi bwino kusiya khonde lokha tsiku limodzi), pitirizani kukhazikitsa crate.
Kuyika kwa battens
Kwa lathing, slats zamatabwa nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa. Popeza khonde ndi malo oopsa nkhuni chifukwa chinyezi, kuli bwino kukhalabe pachitsulo. Reiki imakonzedweratu ndi mankhwala apadera. Kenako amayamba kupanga crate. Pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zokhazokha ndi manja apulasitiki kapena ma dowels, ma module ofunikira amaikidwa. Osangowakwanira nthawi yomweyo pafupi ndi khoma. Kungakhale kofunikira kusintha malo awo pogwiritsa ntchito akalowa ngati khoma silikugwirizana. Mtunda pakati pa slats nthawi zambiri umakhala wopitilira 0,5 m.Amisiri aluso amalangiza kuwakhomera kukhoma m'malo atatu: pa bondo, chiuno ndi phewa. Madera awa amaonedwa kuti ndi "owopsa" kwambiri, ndiye kuti, ziwopsezo zakuwonongeka mwangozi zamakina ndizokwera kwambiri. Mukalimbitsa malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo, muyenera kuwunika momwe mulinso crate. Ngati ndi kotheka, malo omwe slats amasinthidwa, pambuyo pake amakonzedwa, pafupi ndi khoma.
Za kutchinjiriza
Kutchinjiriza koyenera kuyenera kuyikidwa mosamala pakati pa slats. Ngakhale zida ndizochulukirapo, anthu ambiri amasankha thovu lotsika mtengo, koma lotsika mtengo. Ndi abwino kumakonde "onyowa", chifukwa saopa chinyezi, mwachitsanzo ubweya wa mchere. Iyeneranso kukhazikitsa zigawo za zotchinga madzi ndi nthunzi. Zoyanjana pakati pa zidutswa za thovu zimadzazidwa ndi thovu la polyurethane, pambuyo pake mutha kupitiliza kukhazikitsa mapanelo apulasitiki.
Kutchinjiriza kumafunikira ngakhale pamakonde omwe sanakwanebe ndi mawindo otchingidwa bwino, koma aphatikizidwa kale m'mapulani a eni. Pambuyo pake, chivundikiro cha pulasitiki chiyenera kuthyoledwa kuti apange kutchinga. Pofuna kupewa ntchito zosafunikira, ndibwino kuti muziigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
Kukweza gulu
Kukhazikitsa kwa mapanelo kumayamba ndikukhazikitsa maupangiri. Amatha kukhala osiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo amasiyana pamalingaliro. Mutha kukonza maupangiri pogwiritsa ntchito zomangirira kapena zomangira zomangira ndi zomangira zokhazokha. Pambuyo pake, amayamba kukonza bala yoyamba. Muyenera kuyambira pakona yovuta kwambiri komanso "yosavuta". Thabwa silinakonzekere nthawi yomweyo: liyenera kulumikizidwa molunjika (pogwiritsa ntchito mulingo) kenako ndikukhazikika kwathunthu. Pambuyo pake, ntchitoyo ipita mofulumira: bala yatsopanoyo yaphatikizidwa ndi yomwe idayikidwapo kale ndikukonzedwa. Madera omwe ali pansi ndi pamwamba pazitseko amasiyidwa kuti akhale okoma.
Kudula thabwa kutalika, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni womanga wapadera. Hacksaw yachitsulo ndi yoyenera kudula.
Maonekedwe abwino okutira zotseguka
Tinasiya gawo la mipata ya mchere. Musanadule ndikuyika thabwa lomaliza, muyenera kuwona kulumikizana ndi kulimba kwa m'mbali mwa zomwe zakonzedwa kale pa crate. Ngati pali vuto ngati mpata, limatha kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki skirting board wobzalidwa ndi guluu. Pachitseko cha khonde (ngati chilipo), muyenera kupanga angapo kudzera m'mabowo mzere kuti muwonetsetse kusinthana kwa mpweya pakati pa chipinda ndi khonde. Omaliza kukonza magawo ophatikizika pakati ndi ngodya. Amaphimbidwa ndi chisindikizo. M'malo moonekera, ndibwino kusankha mawonekedwe kuti agwirizane ndi mtundu wa zokutira pulasitiki. Yankho ili liziwoneka lokongola komanso lokongola mkati.
Momwe mungasamalire mapanelo
Zoyikirazo sizili mgulu lazida zopanda pake. Amasamalira modzichepetsa: kuchokera pamwamba pa pulasitiki, nthawi ndi nthawi pamafunika kuchotsa dothi laling'ono komanso fumbi, lomwe, mwanjira, limakhazikika pang'onopang'ono pa PVC. Kuntchito, mumangofunika chinkhupule kapena chopopera chapadera pazenera lomwe lili ndi kamphanda kofewa (ngati mukufuna kupukuta kudenga) ndi chida choyeretsera. Mapanelo amatha kutsukidwa ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse: madzi ndi sopo, ufa, chotsukira chagalasi kapena mbale. Chinthu chachikulu sikuti muzichita mopitirira muyeso ndi zowonjezera, apo ayi muyenera kusokoneza nthawi yayitali, kuchotsa mabala. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kumadera "onyansa kwambiri": pafupi ndi bolodi, pafupi ndi mawindo, pansi pa khomo la khonde.
Kutsiliza
Kukongoletsa khonde ndi mapepala apulasitiki kumatenga kanthawi kochepa ndipo sikutanthauza luso linalake. Kukhazikitsa zokutira kumatha kuonedwa ngati phunziro lamaphunziro momwe mbuye wa novice sangayembekezere kudzaza ma cones, koma apeza chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri. Ngati mwasankha kugwiritsa ntchito mapanelo osindikizidwa kapena mawonekedwe, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuteteza malo awo pazoyipa za dzuwa ndikupachika makatani kapena khungu pazenera. Kenako chovalacho chizisungabe mawonekedwe ake apakale, ndikukonzanso khonde kuyimitsidwa kwa zaka zingapo.
