Ntchito za nyumba zokhala ndi garaja

Nyumba yokhala ndi garaja ndikulota kwa okhala mumzinda omwe amafuna mtendere ndi mpweya wabwino kunja kwazenera. Zipangizo zamakono ndi ukadaulo zimathandizira kuti maloto akwaniritsidwe, mwachangu, komanso osataya mtundu.

Ubwino ndi zovuta za nyumbayo ndi garaja

Nyumbayi yophatikizika imapereka maubwino osatsutsika pomanga nyumba yosanjikizana, pomwe kavalo wachitsulo adzaimika. Pachiyambi, musanayambe ntchito yomanga nyumba, m'pofunika kuti mudziwe bwino zaubwino ndi zoyipa zamtunduwu kuti muwunikire bwino nyumba yatsopano.

Ubwino wa zomangamanga zovuta:

• Kusunga. Zida zochepa zidzafunika, nyumba yonseyi ikupulumutsani kuti musayikenso kulumikizana kwanyumba ina. Kusunga dera lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
• Zosavuta. Khomo lolowera m'galimoto ndilosavuta kuposa kuwoloka kwa banja lonse. Palibe chifukwa choyeretsera malo akulu ku chisanu m'nyengo yozizira.
• Ergonomics. Chipinda chofunda chimapangitsa kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino galimoto ndikusunga mafuta kuti muchotse injini. Gulu la chipinda chapansi ndi chipinda chogwiritsa ntchito zida zam'munda ndi zida m'chipindacho.
• Malo amodzi ogwiritsira ntchito. Bokosilo limatha kukhala ndi zida zonse zotenthetsera madzi, makina opumira, ndikuyika makina ochapira.

Zoyipa zomanga zovuta:

• Zobisika m'makonzedwe. Kuchotsa kwakukulu zipinda zogona kuchokera kukhoma moyandikana ndi garaja ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera cha matenthedwe ndi mawu.
• Ntchito yokwanira. Makina oyendetsera mpweya amafunika, osadalira nyumba yogona, kupewa kufalikira kwa mpweya ndi zonunkhira.
• Chitetezo chamoto. Galimoto imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha moto ndipo moto udzafika msanga pabalaza. Ndibwino kuti muyike chida chozimitsira moto komanso chenjezo ngati utsi ukupsa.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe

Mukamapanga projekiti, kuchuluka kwa nyumba zogona kumaganiziridwa, kaya ikhala kanyumba kakang'ono kapena kanyumba kakang'ono, ndipo ikhala bokosi yanji yamagalimoto, mobisa kapena mobisa. Kupanga kumaganizira: kuchuluka kwa okhalamo, kuti apange zipinda zofunikira ndi mabafa kuti azikhala bwino. Malo ofunikira m'bokosilo, m'mabanja ambiri, magalimoto awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.

Makhalidwe abwino omwe muyenera kuganizira mukamapanga:

• Malo. Tsamba lirilonse liri ndi mawonekedwe ake pamalowo: chigwa kapena malo otsetsereka, nthaka ndi madzi apansi panthaka.
• Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chiwembucho. Kutengera magawo awa, malo omangidwira amakonzedwa, poganizira komwe kuli misewu yolowera komanso kutuluka kwa galimoto mgalimoto yapansi. M'malo opapatiza, malo okhala nyumbayo poyerekeza ndi makhadinala komanso oyandikana nawo nyumba zazing'ono amazindikiridwa.
• Kukhazikitsa Madera omwe ali patsamba lomwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala, kulinganiza malo azisangalalo, malo osewerera komanso kusamba kumaganiziridwa.
• Zojambulajambula. Ntchito yomanga nyumba zogona iyenera kutsatira miyezo yachitetezo, kutengera momwe nyumbayo idzakhalire: nsanjika imodzi, nsanjika ziwiri, ndi chipinda chapamwamba. Mtundu wa maziko, zida zothandizira nyumba ndi madenga, mitundu yotchinjiriza pamwamba imadalira izi.
• Ntchito zovuta. Amatanthawuza kupatuka pamakhalidwe oyenera omanga. Umu ndi momwe nyumba ndi denga zimakhalira, kupezeka kwa masitepe, magulu olowera osalowererapo komanso nyumba zowonjezerapo atapempha kasitomala.

Foundation chipangizo

Mtundu wa maziko umadalira mtundu wa bokosi la garaja loperekedwa ndi ntchitoyi. Akatswiri opanga mapangidwe ayenera kuphunzira nthaka pansi pa zomangamanga zomwe akufuna, mulingo wamadzi apansi panthaka ndikuwerengera njira yabwino kwambiri pamaziko. Ngati mawonekedwe a nthaka alola, ndiye kuti mutha kukulitsa chipinda chapansi ndikupanga bokosi labisimo mobisa, kupulumutsa malo pagawo lapamtunda, lomwe liziwonjezera kwambiri nyumba. Ngati nthaka siyilola, amangokhala ochepa, ndipo bokosilo lidzakhala pamwamba pamtunda kapena m'manda pang'ono.

Mitundu yamaziko:

• Mbale. Zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga maziko amodzi pazinthu zonse zachitukuko. Tekinoloje yodzazayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusiyanasiyana; mutha kuzamitsa pang'ono bokosilo mchipinda chapansi. Maziko amatsanulidwa mu fomu imodzi yokhala ndi kutalika kosiyanasiyana ndikulimbitsa.
• Tepi. Fomuyi imatsanulidwa ndikulimbitsa, ndikupanga maziko am'munsi, pomwe katundu yense wanyumbayo adzagwere. Mtunduwu ndiwochuma kwambiri, umafuna konkire wocheperako, ndipo kutalika kwa maziko kumangokhala kokha ndi mtundu wa nthaka yomwe imayikidwapo.
• Mulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dothi losakhazikika komanso m'malo omwe kumagunda zivomerezi. Maziko amtunduwu amaletsa zovuta zolemera pamaziko, chifukwa chake, zida zopepuka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga makoma.

Ndikofunikira, pomanga maziko, kuti tipewe kutupa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nyumbayo, pilo yamchenga ndi miyala zimafunika.

Mpweya wabwino

Pofuna kupewa chinyezi chokwanira mnyumbamo, kufalikira kwa kutentha ndi zonunkhira mnyumba yonse, kukhazikitsa njira yolowera mpweya ndikofunikira, kumapangidwa nthawi imodzi ndi makina onse a uinjiniya. Makamaka amaperekedwa kuzipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri: bafa, chimbudzi ndi khitchini, zomwe zimapereka njira zowonjezera zowonjezera. Njira yodziyimira payokha imakonzedwa mchipinda chapansi komanso chipinda chamagalimoto, chomwe chimachotsa mpweya m'nyumba ndi zonunkhira zosasangalatsa. Pakumanga nyumba zanyumba zotsika kwambiri, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mpweya wabwino kumakakamiza mpweya wabwino, womwe umapereka mpweya kuchipinda chilichonse ndizowonjezera zowonjezera.

Ndikofunikira kuti kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsa makina onse amisiri kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito; kuchotsa ndi kubwezeretsa zida ngati zingachitike zolakwika ndi njira yodula.

Zomangamanga

Zipangizo zamakono zimathandiza kuti amange nyumba yayikulu komanso yokongola munthawi yochepa, osasokoneza zosangalatsa za nzika komanso ndalama zambiri.

Zipangizo zomangira makoma:

• Konkire wokwera. Chipika chopepuka chomwe chimanyamula cholemera chochepa pamaziko. Ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino opulumutsa kutentha ndipo ndiosavuta kumaliza mapangidwe ake.
• Chithovu thovu. Ili ndi mtengo wotsika, koma imakhala ndi matenthedwe otentha poyerekeza ndi konkriti wamagetsi, chifukwa chake, kumadera ozizira, zowonjezera kutentha kwa malowa ndizofunikira.
• Wood. Chida chosungira zachilengedwe komanso chosungika chomwe chimasunga kutentha bwino ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali wautali, bola ngati atapatsidwa mankhwala opatsira moto komanso mankhwala opha tizilombo.
• Njerwa. Zimapirira katundu wolemera ngati mumanga chipinda chogona padenga. Njerwa siyaka moto ndipo samakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina zakunja. Sichifuna kumaliza kwakunja kwa mawonekedwe.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a zomangira pakhoma:

Kuphimba padenga kumadalira kusankha kwamitengo yolimba, zovuta zazinyumba ndi kuthekera kwachuma kwa kasitomala.

Makulidwe

Okonza zachitukuko chokhalamo anthu amakhala ndi nyumba zambiri, zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi 100 mpaka 700 m2 zodalirika.

Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa nyumba, kukhalapo kwa chipinda chapamwamba ndi zogwiritsa ntchito: chipinda chapansi, sauna, dziwe komanso chipinda chowotchera. Mtundu wa zomangamanga: nyumba zamabanja awiri zolowera zosiyanasiyana, koma ndi garaja imodzi, kapena banja limodzi lalikulu lomwe limafunikira zipinda zambiri kuti ziwononge zipinda zothandiza. Chikhumbo cha kasitomala chazinthu zina zomanga chimaganiziridwanso: zenera la bay, bwalo, dimba lachisanu ndi pakhonde.

Makulidwe abokosi lagalimoto amawerengedwa mosamalitsa payekhapayekha, kutengera kuchuluka kwa malo oimikirako galimoto imodzi kapena ziwiri. Ngati banja likufuna malo oimikapo magalimoto angapo, chipinda choyamba chimakhala ndi malo okwanira oimikapo magalimoto, ndipo khomo lolowera mnyumbamo limakonzedwa ndikukhazikitsa masitepe owonjezera kukafika kuchipinda chachiwiri.

Ntchito za nyumba zokhala ndi garaja

Kuti muganizire zosankha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapulojekiti wamba, ukadaulo wakukhazikitsa womwe wakonzedwa ndi mabungwe omanga, kapena kuyitanitsa polojekiti yachitukuko.

Kanyumba

Chodziwika bwino ndikumanga kwamtunduwu ndikuti zipinda zonse zogona komanso zofunikira ndizofanana. Chofunika kwambiri pakumanga kwamtunduwu ndikukhazikitsa malo okhala, kupatula kuthekera kwa zipinda zogona, pabalaza ndi khitchini yokhala ndi chipinda chamagalimoto. Chifukwa chake, pakati pa zipinda zotsekereza zomangamanga zidakonza zodikirira mwadongosolo kapena zadongosolo lazipinda zaluso. Chipinda chachiwiri chimamangidwa ngati chipinda chapamwamba, ndipo khomo lokhala ndi khonde ndi kanyumba kotsatiridwa kuchokera mubokosi la garaja.

Nyumba ziwiri zosanja

Zosankha zomwe zikufunika kwambiri pakukula kwanyumba. Njira yabwino yomangira nyumba pamalo ang'onoang'ono, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wogawa moyenera nyumba ndi malo oyandikana nawo. Pakukula uku, zipinda zazikulu zodyeramo zili pa chipinda chachiwiri, ndipo oyandikana nawo chipinda chamagalimoto amakhala ndi khitchini ndi chipinda chochezera, kutengera zofuna za kasitomala, pabwalo loyamba pali: munda wachisanu, malo osambira okhala ndi dziwe ndi zipinda zaluso.

Chipinda chapansi

Njira yomwe imasunga malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndikukulitsa galimoto. Mukamapanga nyumba yosanja yazipilala ziwiri Malo othandiza amakula pafupifupi theka poyerekeza ndi mtundu wina womanga. Pulojekitiyi imafunikira ndalama zambiri pamagawo oyala maziko ndikukonzekera khomo lolowera pagalimoto. Ayeneranso kulingalira zaukadaulo wamakulidwe oyenera a galimoto imodzi m'lifupi mwa 3 m, 5 m ndi kutalika kwa 2 m.

Chofunikira ndichakuti pakukhazikitsa bokosi lamagalimoto m'chipinda chapansi, kumatira madzi ndi ngalande kumafunika kuti madzi asungunuke ndikusungunuka kuchokera pamaziko, izi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri.

Pamwamba pa garaja pansi panyumba

Amakhala ndi nyumba yansanjika ziwiri, pansi pake pomwe pali malo oimikapo magalimoto angapo, malo ogulitsira malo awo okonzera ndi maluso. Zipinda zogona, khitchini, pabalaza, bafa zimakonzedwa pa chipinda chachiwiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru mtundu wamtunduwu ngati nyumbayo idapangidwira banja lalikulu lomwe lili ndi oyendetsa angapo. Koma zomangamanga zotere zimatenga gawo lalikulu lamunda, ngati chiwembucho ndi chaching'ono, njira yabwino ingakhale kupeza garaja m'chipinda chapansi.

Mtundu wakunyumba ndi garaja

Kapangidwe kazomangamanga kamasankhidwa asanayambe ntchito yomanga, mawonekedwe a nyumbayo, denga ndi mawonekedwe a facade zimadalira njira yomwe yasankhidwa.

Masitayilo otchuka:

• Chingerezi. Molunjika komanso mwachidule nyumbayo yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Zojambulazo zimapangidwa ndi miyala yokhala ndi zopindika, mawindo a bay ndi zipilala. Nyumba yaying'ono ya Chingerezi imadzutsa mzimu wachinyumba chakale. Mwa kalembedwe kameneka, bokosi la garaja limakonzedwa mchipinda chapansi, koma ngati limangidwa pamlingo woyambira pansi, ndiye kuti mbali ina payenera kukhala nyumba yofananira yomwe ingakhale ndi chipinda chowotcha.
• Zamakono. Kusalala kwa mizere yomanga kuphatikiza kapangidwe kazokongoletsera zachilengedwe m'mbali mwake. Mtunduwu umatanthawuza kuphatikiza kwa zida zatsopano ndi miyala yachilengedwe komanso magalasi amitundu yambiri. Dengalo limakhala lokulirapo mosiyana kwenikweni. Bokosi la garaja limasunthidwa pang'ono kuchoka panyumba yogona, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti facade ndi denga zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwezo.
• Zamakono. Mtunduwu umalola kuphatikiza mayendedwe angapo: avant-garde, mawonekedwe a eco ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito zida zaposachedwa kwambiri komanso ukadaulo pakukongoletsa. Potengera kalembedwe kameneka, khomalo limatha kupangidwa ndi njerwa kapena matabwa, okhala ndi denga lazitsulo, lokongoletsedwa ndi nsanja. Mtundu wamakono ukhoza kuphatikiza zokhumba zonse za kasitomala pazodzikongoletsera komanso kapangidwe kake.

Zokongoletsera mkati ndi zida za garaja

Zokongoletsera zamkati mwa chipinda chamagaraji zikuyenera kufanana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wa nyumbayo. Ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yoyera yamakoma ndi denga, ali ndi mawonekedwe okulitsa chipinda chaching'ono, ndikuwonjezera kuyatsa.

Zofunikira pakumaliza kwa zinthu: zosayaka, zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala am'magazi komanso kupsinjika kwamakina, modzichepetsa pakukonza. Makoma ndi kudenga amapulasitidwa, kupentedwa, kumenyedwa ndi bolodi lamatabwa kapena zitsulo. Makamaka amaperekedwa kuphimba pansi: itha kukhala yopangira simenti, yokhazikika yokhayokha kapena matailosi amiyala.

Pakhoma ali ndi mashelufu osungira zida zofunika, ndikofunikira kusankha chipinda chazida zina zowongolera ndi kukonza magalimoto. Pakukonzekera bwino, chipinda chowotcha ndi zida zowongolera zowongolera mpweya, mpweya wabwino ndi madzi zimakhazikika m'chipinda cha garaja.

Makonzedwe olowera ndi kusankha zipata

Kulowera kumagalasi kuyenera kukhala kosalala komanso kotetezeka, ndikofunikira kuti mutembenukire. Ngati garaja ikukonzedwa m'chipinda chapansi, mayendedwe amayendetsedwa mpaka kutsetsereka ndikutsanulira ndi konkriti ndikuwonjezera mwala wosweka kwambiri kuti galimoto isagwere nthawi yamvula ndi ayezi.

Chofunika kwambiri polowera pachipata cha garaja chili ndi mtundu, womwe uyenera kukhala womasuka komanso wogwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake ka nyumbayo.

Mitundu ya khomo la garaja:

• Kuthamanga. Zojambula zosavuta ndizopangidwa ndi chitsulo. Zipata zili ndi chitseko m'modzi mwa masambawo. Koma kapangidwe kake ndikosavuta kugwira ntchito pomwe bokosi la garaja lili mchipinda chapansi.
• Bwezeretsani. Makinawa ndiosavuta komanso osavuta. Tsamba la chitseko limasunthidwira mbali, kukhoma, koma limafunikira malo okwanira kuti magwiridwe antchito abwinonso.
• Kukweza. Njira yabwino kwambiri, yomwe siyifuna malo owonjezera, chinsalu chikukwera kudenga. Mukakhazikitsa njira zokwezera, muyenera kuganizira za malo oyatsira magetsi.
• Yachigawo. Makina opanga masika omwe amakhala ndi maupangiri, amagawa chinsalucho m'magawo ndikuchikweza kudenga chikapindidwa.
• Makomo oyendetsa. Zinthu zopepuka komanso makina osavuta amapotoza chinsalu pansi kudenga kuti chikhale chokulungira. Koma kapangidwe koteroko sikokayikitsa kupirira.

Njira zazikulu zingapo zimakuthandizani kuti musankhe njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yoyenera pamakomo a garaja.

Phindu lakumanga kophatikizika kwa nyumba yokhala ndi chipinda chamagalimoto ndichachikulu kwambiri kuposa zoyipa za nyumbayi. Pulojekiti yoyenerera iphatikiza malo onse mdera laling'ono, ndipo makonzedwe opambana amakonza malo okhala kuti azikhala bwino.

Onerani kanemayo: Recording in Studio Monitor (Mulole 2024).