Makhalidwe mikhalidwe ya kalembedwe
Mtundu wa Bauhaus wopangidwa udapangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za 20th ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadziwika. Makhalidwe apamwamba:
- Kugwira ntchito. Ntchito yayikulu yopanga mkatikati ndikupangitsa nyumbayo kukhala yabwino komanso yosangalatsa. Izi ndi zomwe amaganiza ku Germany.
- Chokonda anthu. Phata la lingaliro ndizosowa zaomwe akukhalamo. Tsatanetsatane aliyense wamkati amasinthidwa ndimakhalidwe awo.
- Minimalism. Mipando yokhayo yofunika kwambiri ndi yokhudza kupulumutsa malo ndi kumwa mopanda mafuta. Sitiyenera kukhala ndi zokongoletsa zambiri mwina - m'malo mojambulidwa bwino, ndibwino kuti musankhe mtundu wolimba.
- Zokongoletsa. Zithunzi za kalembedwe siziyenera kungokhala zogwira ntchito zokha, komanso zokongola.
- Zipangizo zamakono. Poyamba, kupanga mipando ndi zinthu zina zamkati zidayamba ndikukhazikitsa kapangidwe ka mafakitale (chitsulo, galasi, pulasitiki).
- Maonekedwe azithunzi. Kuphweka kwa mizere yowongoka kumakhudza kwambiri luso la Bauhaus mkatikati.
Mawonekedwe amitundu
Mfundo yosagwedezeka ya Bauhaus ndikuteteza mgwirizano. Mu phale la kalembedwe, izi zimawonetsedwa pophatikiza zotsutsana ziwiri - mtundu, kutentha, kapangidwe.
Mtundu waukulu ndi wosalowerera ndale. White, mchenga, graphite, wakuda. Mithunzi iyi idalimbikitsidwa ndi chilengedwe chomwecho - pulasitala wa imvi, mwala wakuda wakuda, nkhuni zotentha zofiirira, chitsulo chakuda.
Simungachite popanda mitundu yowala. Zikuluzikulu zinali zotsalira zachikasu, zofiira, zamtambo, zobiriwira. Nthawi yomweyo, malingaliro amtundu wa Bauhaus samawafufuza osati pongowonera. Mwachitsanzo, omwe adayambitsa kalembedweko amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zofiira zimawoneka pafupi, zobiriwira, m'malo mwake. Kapenanso izi zimamveka m'chipinda chopepuka ndikulira kwambiri, pomwe zakuda zimawamitsa.
Chipinda chochezera chokhala ndi mawu owoneka bwino a lalanje
Kutsiriza ndi zida
KusaloĊµerera m'ndale kwa zinthu zoyambira kumapitilizabe kukongoletsa. Makoma okongoletsera amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokongoletsa, utoto, mapepala khoma odekha. Mwa njira, zomalizazi zidapangidwanso makamaka pazosowa za kalembedwe - monograms wamba ndi maluwa owala adasinthidwa ndi opanga zokongoletsa zamajometri, kutengera mawonekedwe achilengedwe.
Kudenga koyenera kumakhala kosavuta kamodzi kapena kovuta kosiyanasiyana. Makamaka wamtali, wonyezimira. Pansi pake ndikosavuta momwe zingathere. Linoleum, laminate, parquet amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa.
Mukamasankha zomaliza, phatikizani eco ndi ukadaulo wina ndi mnzake: magalasi, pulasitiki, chitsulo, matabwa, zikopa, nsalu ndi nsalu ya Bauhaus.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa holo yoyambira kalembedwe ka Bauhaus
Zinthu za mipando
Sizosadabwitsa kuti akatswiri amalingaliro amtundu wa Bauhaus amawerengedwa kuti ndi opanga masitayilo - adasanthula ndikupeza mitundu yatsopano, ndikuwonjezera kuphweka, kukopa ndi magwiridwe antchito limodzi.
Mipando yomangidwa imayambitsidwa mwachangu - zovala zazikulu, mashelufu, zimasungunuka ngakhale m'nyumba zazing'ono. Chinthu china chopangidwa ndi osintha. Sofa kapena tebulo lopinda, mipando yolumikizira modula imathandizira kupulumutsa malo mnyumbayo, pomwe ikugwirabe ntchito yake. Ma tebulo ndi mipando yolimba ndi lingaliro linanso la opanga mapangidwe apamwamba omwe adakali otchuka mpaka pano.
Okonza amayesa kuwonekera kuti awongoletse zokongoletsa zonse - mipando yazanja idachotsedwa pamipando ndi masofa, ndipo chilichonse chokongoletsa pamipando yazanyumba chidachotsedwa.
Ponena za zida, Bauhaus amaphatikiza mosavuta mipando yomwe kale inali yosavomerezeka: matabwa okwera mtengo okhala ndi pulasitiki wotsika mtengo, magalasi opanda kulemera okhala ndi chitsulo chokhwima, zikopa zachilengedwe ndi mapaipi a chrome.
Mapaipi opindika nthawi zambiri amakhala mtundu wa nthawi imeneyo (~ 20s of the XX century). Umenewo ndi mpando wotchuka wa Marcel Breuer wopangidwa ndi mipope yachitsulo yokutidwa ndi chrome yokhala ndi zingwe zachikopa. Chitsanzo chachiwiri ndikutseguka kotseguka, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza malo.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kakhitchini yoyera yokhazikika
Kukongoletsa ndi nsalu
Ngakhale kalembedwe kotsimikizika ngati Bauhaus sikuti sikangokhala kokongoletsa. Komabe, zokongoletsedwazo ndikupitiliza kwa mfundo zonse.
Chodzikongoletsera chimatha kukhala ngati china chake chogwira ntchito - mwachitsanzo, nyali yokongoletsa, mbale, ketulo, masewera a board kapena mipando yomwe. Momwemonso kukongoletsa kwapadera - chithunzi, kapeti. Koma zojambula pa iwo ndizosadziwika kwenikweni. Mabwalo akuda, mabwalo, ovals, ma triangles ndi ma rectangles ndiye maziko azinthu zaluso zambiri zoyenerera mkati mwa Bauhaus.
Mwa njira, makalapeti ojambula ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamachitidwe achikale. Zojambula zowala bwino zimakwaniritsa zokongoletsa zopanda chipinda.
Zovala zina zonse - makatani, mapilo, zopondera, nsalu zoyala - zitha kukhala zowala ngati makalapeti, kapena zosavuta monga momwe zingathere, monochromatic. Lamulo lalikulu ndilodziletsa. Ndiye kuti, simuyenera kuyika pilo wamautoto osiyanasiyana pampando wachikuda.
Kujambula ndi kapeti yamajometri pansi
Kuyatsa
Kuwala kowala bwino sikungokhala kokongoletsa chabe, koma ndi gawo limodzi lamkati mwa Bauhaus. Kuunikira kochulukirapo, kumakhala kwakukulu malo. Amatsindika malo omwe ali ndi kuwala, mawu omveka bwino.
Kutentha kotentha kumayandikira mafakitale, kuzizira. Kuwala ndikokwera.
Nyali zokha zimayenera kukongoletsa chipinda. Mapangidwe awo amaphatikiza mitundu yosavuta, ma duets achilendo. Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri ndi kuphatikiza kwa chromed chitsulo ndi galasi losazizira, monga nyali yotchuka ya tebulo ya William Wagenfeld ndi Karl Jacob Uecker.
Mofanana ndi nyali ya Marianne Brandt - chitsulo chaching'ono, chofanana ndi mitundu yamakono.
Zithunzi mkatikati mwa zipinda
Pabalaza mu kalembedwe ka Bauhaus - mipando ingapo yabwino, tebulo losavuta la khofi, cholumikizira zida zakanema.
M'chipinda chogona, pakati ndi bedi - losavuta, labwino. Malo osungira owonjezera amaganiziridwa - zovala zosavuta ndi imodzi mwanjira zabwino kwambiri zopangidwa ndi opanga masitayilo.
Mu chithunzi pali chipinda chachikulu chokhala ndi sofa yopanda mawonekedwe
Kakhitchini ndiye chipinda chothandiza kwambiri mnyumba. Mukamapanga mutu wam'mutu, samangoganizira za ergonomics zokha, komanso zosowa za aliyense m'banjamo. Mipando iyenera kukhala yosavuta kugwira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Zithunzi zojambula
Ngakhale kalembedwe kameneka kanakula bwino malinga ndi mbiri ya 1920-1930, anthu ambiri amasangalatsabe kumanga nyumba zawo molingana ndi malamulo a Bauhaus. Kupatula apo, malingaliro ambiri othandiza amatha kutengedwa kuchokera ku filosofi yamalangizo.
