Ngati mwayambiranso kukonza nyumba kapena nyumba, mudzafunikadi ntchito yokhoma pulasitala. Gawo lomalizirali limakupatsani mwayi wopangitsa khoma kukhala lokongola komanso laukhondo. Kupanga kwa pulasitala wosanjikiza ndichinthu chovuta kwambiri chomwe chimafunikira luso lalikulu. Koma ngati simunakonzekere kutembenukira kwa akatswiri chifukwa cha bajeti yocheperako ndipo muchita ntchito zonse zomalizira nokha, onani malingaliro athu. Zidzakuthandizani kuti mukulumikize makoma ndi manja anu ndikupanga mkati mwake.
Mawonekedwe:
Pulasitala ndi chisakanizo cha kukhazikika kwa makoma. Zimakupatsani inu kukonzekera malo omaliza. Koma ichi sicholinga chake chokha.
Kuika pakhoma pakhoma ndikofunikira kuti:
- kukhazikika kwapamwamba;
- kupewa ndi kutha kwa chiwonongeko;
- kuteteza maziko a khoma ku chinyezi;
- kuonjezera mphamvu ya magawo ochepa;
- kukonza kutentha ndi kutchinjiriza kwa mawu.
Khoma lolimba bwino ndi lathyathyathya komanso losalala lopanda ming'alu kapena mabowo. Maziko oterewa ndi abwino kugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera zomaliza, mosasamala mtundu wake - kupenta, matailosi a ceramic kapena khoma. Zosakaniza za pulasitala zimakhala zosiyana. Kusankha kwa izi kapena mtundu wa zinthuzo kutengera kukula kwa kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
Njira yothetsera vutoli imatha kukonzedwa ndi inu nokha posakaniza simenti, mchenga ndi madzi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zabwino kwambiri zopangidwa kuchokera kwa opanga odalirika. Chomata pulasitala chiyenera kukhala maziko olimba kumapeto kwake.
Kuphatikiza konse kwa pulasitala kumaphatikizapo zinthu izi:
- kudzaza - imakupatsani mwayi wothandizirana kuthana ndi vutolo, imapereka mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi mphamvu;
- chopangira - imagwira tinthu tomwe timadzaza pamodzi ndi khoma pamwamba;
- kuchepa - imapereka kugwiritsa ntchito yankho pakhoma, kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zizikhala zomangika. Pakukhazikika kwa pulasitala, chowonda chimasokonekera.
Kuyika pulasitala kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo, iliyonse yomwe ntchito zina zimathetsedwa. Sitikukulangizani kuti musanyalanyaze aliyense wa iwo ndikutsatira malamulo aukadaulo omwe agwira zaka zambiri.
Nyimbo zosakanizika zimasiyana malinga ndi cholinga chawo - kusanja, kutchinjiriza, kukongoletsa. Kusiyana kwamakhalidwe kumatengera omangiriza yankho. Zodzaza ndi zowonjezera zimathandiza kwambiri popereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito komanso mawonekedwe owonjezera pazovala zomalizidwa.
Mitundu ya pulasitala, zabwino zawo ndi zovuta zake
Kuti musankhe chisakanizo choyenera, muyenera kusankha momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndikumvetsetsa malowa. Zosakaniza zonse zamasamba zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:
- kukhazikika - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera makoma ojambula kapena kupaka pakhoma, amasiyana pamiyeso yamakina komanso kupezeka kwa zowonjezera, kukonza zinthu;
- zokongoletsa - amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati imodzi mwazomwe mungasankhe pomaliza.
Simenti
Chojambulira chachikulu mumsakanizowu ndi simenti. Ndiye amene amapereka mphamvu kumapeto. Zosakanikirana ndi simenti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo amtundu uliwonse, zoyenera kugwira ntchito zamanja ndi zamakina. Katundu wa binder atha kusiyanasiyana - potengera mphamvu yovuta, kukana chisanu. Mtundu woterewu umakwanira bwino pagawo lililonse loyambilira. Chokhacho ndi pulasitala wa gypsum. Zosakaniza za simenti ndizochuma kwambiri komanso zimasinthasintha. Pulasitala yoyera simenti itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza.
Simenti-laimu
Mtundu woterewu umaphatikiza zabwino za onse omanga. Pamtengo wotsika mtengo, imawonetsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa:
- luso lomata;
- mapulasitiki;
- kukana kulimbana;
- kukana chinyezi;
- kukana kusintha kwa kutentha;
- mphamvu;
- kukana kupanga bowa.
Njira yothetsera vutoli imatha kudzikhalira yokha kapena kugula yophika. Yotsirizira limakupatsani kukwaniritsa zotsatira pazipita chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa zosintha zina mu kapangidwe kake. Chosakanizacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makoma amkati ndi akunja, osapatula zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito zolembedwazo pamakoma ofooka chifukwa champhamvu yayikulu. Komanso, zovuta zikuphatikizapo:
- kufunika kopanga zokutira zingapo;
- Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali pakufunika kwamphamvu yomaliza - mpaka masabata a 3-4;
- kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito pamakoma osalala osakonzekera mwapadera;
- osayenera kupaka matabwa pamakoma.
Gypsum
Ili ndi mbiri yakale - idawonekera nthawi zakale. Zimathandizira pakupanga nyengo yabwino m'chipindacho. Popanga kwake, mwala wachilengedwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe umayanika mu uvuni ndikuphwanyika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito yokongoletsa mkati, koma posachedwa pakhala pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zopangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito panja.
Kapangidwe ka kaphatikizidwe kamakonzedwe kamakhala ndi zonunkhira zapakatikati komanso zolimba, zodzikongoletsera zodzaza ndi tizigawo tating'ono. Kuika pulasitala kumatha kuchitidwa pamanja komanso pamakina. Pulasitala wa Gypsum amakhala bwino ndi dongo, laimu.
Mphamvu zakuthupi:
- Mkulu zomatira.
- Kusunga bwino kwambiri.
- Palibe kuchepa.
- Zosavuta mchenga.
- Ali ndi mapulasitiki apamwamba.
- Nthawi yayitali yochiritsa.
- Chitetezo chamoto.
Kuipa kwa pulasitala gypsum:
- Kuchulukitsa kwakanthawi, komwe kumachepetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
- Kufunika kotsatira luso.
- Osagonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi.
- Mtengo wapamwamba - ndi dongo kapena miyala yamiyala.
Dongo
Chakale kwambiri pamitundu yonse yamatabwa yodziwika kwa anthu. Zipangizo zopangira zake zimakhala pansi pa mapazi athu. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa kuchokera pazosankha zomwe zasankhidwa kapena kusakanikirana kouma. M'mbuyomu, mankhusu, singano za paini, zidutswa za udzu, utuchi, manyowa a akavalo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzaza. Tithokoze chifukwa chodzaza izi, mphamvu ndi matenthedwe otchingira pulasitala amakula. Khoma lokutidwa ndi dothi limamva kutentha mpaka kukhudza. Mapuloteni a yankho amayendetsedwa ndikuwonjezera mchenga. Kuchuluka kwa chinthuchi kumatsimikizika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta. Zomwe zimapangidwira mumtambo zimatha kusinthidwa ndi laimu kapena simenti.
Dongo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza ndi kuteteza makoma. Dongo lachikuda limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera.
Ubwino waukulu wa dothi pulasitala:
- Ubwenzi wachilengedwe.
- Mtengo wotsika.
- High maintainability.
- Ntchito yabwino yosungira kutentha.
- Amakhala ngati wolamulira wachilengedwe wa chinyezi chamkati.
- Imathandizira kugwiritsanso ntchito, zopanda zinyalala - zidutswa za pulasitala wakale zitha kuthiriridwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
- Oyenera kumaliza matabwa.
Zina mwazovuta ndi izi:
- kulephera kukana chinyezi - imanyowa;
- Amauma kwa nthawi yayitali - mkati mwa miyezi 1-2;
- wosanjikiza uyenera kukhala osachepera 10 mm ukagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma lathyathyathya, ndi 15 mm kumenyera kapena matabwa. Kupanda kutero, sikungatheke kupewa ngozi yazinthuzo.
Zokongoletsa
Amatha kusewera ngati pulasitala wamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumaliza. Zomata zitha kupangidwa pamtundu wa akiliriki, mchere, silicone ndi zina zokuzira. Kukongoletsa kumaperekedwa ndi:
- zomangamanga;
- mpumulo;
- mtundu;
- zokutira zingapo zosanjikiza zamitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- njira zogwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe.
Opanga amapereka mayankho osalala omwe amafunikanso oyambira komanso osokedwa - kulola kubisa zolakwika zakomweko.
Ubwino wake ndi izi:
- mphamvu;
- kukhazikika;
- kukana moto;
- kukana kuvunda;
- kufalikira kwa nthunzi;
- kusamalira zachilengedwe;
- kukongoletsa;
- kapangidwe kake;
- chidwi cha kapangidwe kapangidwe kapangidwe kake ndi manja anu - mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosanjikizika kuti mugwiritse ntchito chithunzi - maburashi, makapu, maukonde, makanema, mapepala - chilichonse chomwe malingaliro a woimbayo akutiuza.
Chosavuta chachikulu pazosakaniza izi ndi mtengo wawo wokwera. Kuti mupulumutse ndalama, mutha kukonzekera nokha.
Silikoni
Zomwe zimachokera pamtengo wokwera mtengo, wopangidwa pamaziko a ulusi wa silicone, utomoni. Mulinso zowonjezera zowonjezera. Zokutira zopangidwa pulasitala oterowo kwambiri zotanuka ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi nkhawa makina. Kuti muchotse kapena kukanda zotere, muyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika. Pulasitala wa silicone ndi wopanda madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikongoletsera bafa. Kuphimba kwake kumatsutsana kwambiri ndi cheza cha ultraviolet, chifukwa chake utoto umasungabe mtundu wawo woyambirira ngakhale utakhala padzuwa. Zinthuzo zimapirira mosavuta kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndimatalikidwe akulu - kuyambira -50 mpaka + 70 madigiri, zimawonetsa kukana mapangidwe ankhanza. Kutsatira kwakukulu kwa chisakanizocho kumalola kupatula gawo loyambira laukadaulo. Amatha kusunga mawonekedwe awo apachiyambi kwa zaka zopitilira 20. Zimagwira moto, sizimatulutsa poizoni m'chilengedwe.
Zinthuzo zimagulitsidwa ngati zosakaniza zowuma kapena zothetsera mavuto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndi kumaliza. Zimakwanira bwino konkireti, mpweya wa silicate, matabwa, gypsum ndi miyala yaying'ono yamiyala. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za silicate pamakoma ndi utoto ndi varnish, varnish ndi zokutira mafuta. Ming'alu siyimapangika kumapeto, siyimafooka. Mutha kubwezeretsa moyo wosakanizidwa ndi madzi.
Wachi Venetian
Chovala chokongoletsera chamitundu yambiri chimakondweretsani, chimakupangitsani kufuna kuyang'ana pakusintha kwa mithunzi osayima. Pansi pake pazikhala bwino kwambiri. Khomalo limakhala ndi matope okhala ndi ufa wamiyala. Kuphatikiza pa njira yoyeserera yogwiritsira ntchito, pali njira zina. Madzi osanjikiza a pulasitala wa ku Venetian amatha kusankhidwa kuti ndi ovuta. Ena onse akumaliza. Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lapadera pakhoma, mutha kuyambiranso zokutira ndi miyala, kutsanzira miyala ya mabulo opukutidwa, silika, nkhuni. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa zosankha zomwe zatsirizidwa kumapeto. Anazipeza chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyo. Chovala chapamwamba cha varnish kapena sera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pulasitala.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, simuyenera kugula yankho lokwera mtengo. Ndizotheka kudzipanga nokha kuchokera ku putty wamba. Poyerekeza ndi zokongoletsa zokongoletsedwa zokhala ndi mandimu kapena akiliriki, zitengera ndalama zochepa. Pulasitala wa ku Venetian amangogwiritsa ntchito zida zosapanga dzimbiri.
Ubwino waukulu wa anthu aku Venetian ndi kukongoletsa kwawo kwakukulu komanso koyambira kwawo.
Zoyipa zake ndi monga - kukwera mtengo, kufunika kokhala ndi njira yovuta yogwiritsira ntchito zinthuzo, mitengo yayikulu pantchito.
Zolemba
Kuphatikizika kwa pulasitala kumakhalanso kwa omenyera nkhondo omwe ali m'banja lazomaliza. Laimu amapezeka palimodzi ngati cholembera chachilengedwe. Amapereka chisakanizocho ndi kusamalira zachilengedwe ndi bactericidal katundu. Zotsatira zake ndi zokutira mpweya, wosamva moto. Zolembazo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makoma komanso ngati pulasitala womaliza. Zabwino kupenta utoto. Zimayenda bwino ndi omanga mchere - simenti, gypsum, dongo. Zimapezeka ngati zosakaniza zowuma, koma ngati zingafunike, mutha kukonzekera yankho kuchokera pazinthu zosanjidwa zokha.
Ubwino pulasitala textured:
- Zimabisa bwino zolakwika zazing'ono m'munsi.
- Sichifuna kuwonjezera kwa maantibayotiki.
- Amayang'anira microclimate.
- Sipsa.
- Zopanda fungo.
- Yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba.
- Ili ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo.
Zovuta:
- Kupanda kukana kwamadzi - vutoli limatha kulumikizidwa mothandizidwa ndi sera yoteteza kapena sera zowonjezera.
- Seti yamphamvu yokwanira pantchito ina imachitika pakatha masiku ochepa.
Momwe mungasankhire pulasitala
Choyambirira, muyenera kusankha - pulasitala wouma kapena wonyowa womwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Njira youma imaphatikizapo kuyika makoma ndi mbale za plasterboard. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyi, mutha kufulumizitsa kwambiri ntchitoyo. Komabe, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mapepala a gypsum m'zipinda zing'onozing'ono - adzabisa malo ochepa kale.
Njira "yonyowa" imaphatikizapo kukonza makoma ndi zosakaniza zomanga. Posankha kupaka pulasitala, m'pofunika kuganizira zomwe makoma amapangidwira komanso komwe ali - mkati kapena kunja kwa nyumbayo.
Momwe mungakonzekeretse pamwamba poyika chisakanizo cha pulasitala
Kukonzekera khoma ndi gawo lofunikira pomaliza ntchito. Pansi pake pamayenera kumasulidwa ku zokutidwa zakale, kutsukidwa ndi fumbi, nkhungu, mabala amafuta. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndikukonzanso mabowo, tchipisi ndi ming'alu. Khomalo limakutidwa ndi nthaka ndipo limalimbikitsidwa ndi mauna olimbikitsa. Kukonzekera mokwanira ndikofunikira kuti chovala chatsopano chisakwere ndikutuluka magazi kudzera m'matope amafuta kapena dzimbiri. Choyambira chokhala ndi zida zodzitetezera chimalepheretsa khoma kuti lisagwe pansi pa pulasitala.
Khoma la konkire
Ngati makoma a konkriti amakhala ngati maziko, amayenera kupangidwa ndi zida zapadera ndi ma quartz. Zowonjezera zimakulitsa kwambiri zomata za khoma ndikulola kuti chisakanizo cha pulasitala chikhale chodalira maziko. Malo a konkire amavomereza pulasitala wa gypsum-simenti ndi chisakanizo chochokera ku gypsum ndi laimu.
Sakanizani nyimbo za gypsum, laimu ndi simenti padera, ndikusakanikirana kale kale. Kusasinthika kwa matope kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo komanso yunifolomu.
Khoma la njerwa
Kusankha pulasitala wamakoma a njerwa sikophweka. Mosasamala kanthu za zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa, kukonzekera kwapamwamba kwambiri kumafunika. Nthawi zambiri, makoma a njerwa amakhala okutidwa kale ndi pulasitala wakale. Ndikofunika kuchotsa kansalu kameneka, ndipo izi zitha kuchitika ndi madzi ndi siponji. Timanyowetsa pamwamba kangapo ndikudikirira kuti madzi akwaniritse zokutira. Njirayi ithandizira kwambiri kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zatha ntchito. Kenako, timadzipangira ndi spatula yokhala ndi makulidwe antchito osachepera 1.5-2 mm ndi nyundo ndikugwetsa pulasitala wakale. Choyamba muyenera kugunda modekha kuti mutsukidwe. Chifukwa cha izi, pali ming'alu pamwamba, yomwe ingakuthandizeni kukankhira spatula mkati ndikunyamula zokutira. Ngati pulasitala sakufuna kugwa chifukwa chapanikizika, dzithandizeni pogogoda chopondera ndi nyundo. Izi zithandizira kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta.
Pambuyo pochotsa chovala chakale, m'pofunika kusamalira pamwamba pa chopukusira kapena burashi ya waya.Chotsatira, magawo pakati pa zomangamanga amayenera kukulitsidwa ndi 5-7 mm kuti akweretse kulumikizana kwa zinthuzo kukhoma. Pambuyo pake, pamwamba pake imatsukidwa ndi burashi yofewa ndipo fumbi limachotsedwa ndi nsalu yonyowa. Gawo lomaliza ndikutulutsa kwa khoma m'magawo awiri pogwiritsa ntchito kompositi yomwe imalowetsa kwambiri.
Khoma la konkire la thovu
Nyumba zambiri zamakono zimamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito izi. Malo opangidwa ndi thovu ndi konkriti wamagetsi sayenera kungokongoletsedwa mosamala, komanso kulimbikitsidwa ndi mauna apadera olimbitsira kapena fiberglass "serpyanka". Pogwiritsa ntchito matope a pulasitala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za gypsum, laimu-simenti.
Khoma lamatabwa
Musanayambe kupaka matabwa pamakoma, muyenera kuwathira mankhwala oteteza ku bowa komanso khungwa. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupanga latisi yapadera yamatabwa amtengo - zomangira. Chogulitsacho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mauna. Chingwecho chakhazikika kukhoma ndi misomali. Zomangira sizimatenthetsedwa kwathunthu kukhoma. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti misomali imafunika kuyendetsedwa mpaka theka, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi kapu ndiyopindika, ikukankhira kumtunda.
M'malo mwa "ma shingles", mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mauna achitsulo kuti mulimbikitse mawonekedwe. Imakonzedwa kukhoma isanafike pulasitala.
Ntchito yolumikiza makoma ndi manja anu
Kuika pulasitala ndi njira yovuta komanso yotenga nthawi. Ngati mungaganize zodzichitira nokha, tikupangira izi. Timapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane kwa oyamba kumene.
Zida zofunikira ndi zida
Kuti mumalize ntchito, simungachite popanda:
- pulasitala wouma, choyambirira, putty;
- kupaka ma beacon, ma dowels, zomangira;
- nyundo, screwdriver, chopukusira kapena lumo lachitsulo;
- kuboola ndi perforator yokhala ndi ma drill angapo, chosakanizira chomanga ndi chidebe chosakanizira yankho;
- mulingo womanga, tepi muyeso;
- ulusi wautali, chikhomo;
- lonse ndi yopapatiza spatula, burashi ndi wodzigudubuza, ulamuliro ndi kusita.
Kuphatikiza apo, mudzafunika zovala zantchito, chipewa, tizikopa tamagalasi, magolovesi.
Kuwonetsa ma beacon
Kuti muyese makomawo, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, pangani makulidwe akulu kwambiri, kupaka pulasitala kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma beacon. Pachifukwa ichi, timitengo ta matabwa, mbiri yazitsulo, mipiringidzo yama gypsum amakona anayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyumba zowunikira zimachepetsa ntchito, zimatsimikizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugawa chisakanizo, chomwe chimawerengedwa pa iwo pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo.
Kuyika ma beacon kumachitika motere. Ndikofunika kutambasula pakhoma pakhoma patali masentimita 5 kuchokera padenga ndi masentimita 40 kuchokera pakona. Timakokera cholumikizira chotsatira pansi pake, ndikubwerera pansi ndikutsata chingwe cha masentimita 5. Jambulani mzere kuchokera pa cholumikizira china kupita ku china ndikuyesa mtunda pakati pawo. Chepetsani zotsatira zomwe mwapeza, dulani bala kuchokera pachitsulo chofanana ndi kutalika kwa mzerewu. Timaponya pamzera ma tubercles angapo osakaniza ndi pulasitala ndikusindikiza mbiriyo mkati mwake kuti mawonekedwe ake akhale olingana ndi zisoti za zomangira. Chotsani zomangira ndikubwereza ndondomekoyi pakona ina. Timavumbulutsa ma beacon otsatira nthawi yayitali pakati pa 1-1.5 m. Timayang'ana mawonekedwe awo pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chotambasulidwa. Mtundu wa mawonekedwe opangidwa umadalira. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, ma beacon akuyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo zotsalira ziyenera kudzazidwa ndi pulasitala. Ma beacon a pulasitala safunika kuchotsedwa ngati atagwiritsa ntchito pulasitala.
Malamulo okonzekera njira
M'mbuyomu, tinkakambirana za mitundu ya zothetsera pulasitala, koma tsopano ndi bwino kutchulanso zina mwazinthu zingapo za nyimbo zosiyanasiyana.
- Kuti mupange simenti osakaniza, muyenera kutenga magawo atatu a mchenga ndi gawo limodzi la simenti. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi pasanathe ola limodzi mutasakaniza. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukonzekera zinthuzo mzigawo zing'onozing'ono ndikuziyika pakhoma mwachangu komanso osadodometsedwa. Kupanda kutero, mawonekedwewo ayamba kuwuma ndikukhazikika, ndipo sizingatheke kuugwiritsa ntchito.
- Chisakanizo cha simenti-laimu chimapangidwa ndi gawo limodzi la simenti, gawo limodzi la osakaniza laimu ndi magawo asanu amchenga.
- Kuti mukonze pulasitala wa gypsum, muyenera kutenga magawo atatu a laimu, omwe amafanana ndi mtanda, ndi gawo limodzi la gypsum powder. Zinthu zoterezi zimagwira mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chake ziyenera kuchepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo musanagwiritse ntchito.
Momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa yankho
Ndizovuta kwambiri kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe mukufuna. Chojambulira chapadera pa intaneti chingakuthandizeni ndi izi. Zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa chisakanizo chomwe mufunika kugwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo. Malinga ndi izi, mtengo wa chosakanizira cha pulasitala ndi wofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza ndi chipinda chanyumba ndi gawo losanjikiza. Zotsatira zake zikuthandizani kuti muziyenda pang'onopang'ono mukamagula zosakaniza.
Kulimbitsa pulasitala
Kulimbitsa mauna kumatha kupangitsa kuti ming'alu isawonekere, koma siyiteteza ming'alu.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mauna yolimbikitsira khoma:
- chitsulo - chofunikira pakulaza pulasitala ndikutulutsa ndikutulutsa kolakwika komwe kumatha kupitilira masentimita 4-5. Komabe, imatha kutuluka atayanika. Mauna achitsulo olimba okhala ndi mabowo opitilira 4 mm amathandizira kupewa izi. Imakhala yolimba kwambiri kuposa pulasitiki, yomwe imatha kudwala chifukwa chakukumana ndi malo amtopola osakanikirana ndi simenti-mchenga;
- pulasitiki - utoto wojambulidwa wokhala ndi thumba la 2-3 mm. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza ndi putty kapena poyika pulasitala wochepa thupi;
- fiberglass.
Zolimbitsa zimatha kuchitidwa osati pakhoma pokha, koma pamagulu azovala zosiyanasiyana zomalizira komanso zomangamanga. Koma mukamapanga pulasitala kudenga kapena mukamaliza nyumba yatsopano yomwe sidafike, ndikofunikira kulimbitsa dera lonselo kuti amalize.
Osangokhala pamtambo wolimbikitsa. Ming'alu yomwe ingapangidwe kuzama kwathunthu kwa pulasitala itsogolera ku kufunika kokonzanso zokutira zonse kapena osanjikiza.
Pakona pulasitala
Makona opindika ndi malo otsetsereka amapezeka paliponse - m'nyumba zonse zakale zaku Soviet Union komanso nyumba zamakono. Chifukwa chake, imodzi mwamachitidwe oyenera kupaka pulasitala ndikulumikiza kwa ngodya. Ngati simukufuna kuti zojambulazo zisokonezeke, ndipo zidatenga guluu wochulukirapo kumata matailosi a ceramic, osanyalanyaza gawo lofunika ili.
Makona onse amkati ndi akunja amatha kusintha.
Kona lamkati limapangidwa molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- timayika ma beacons kuti tizitha kulumikiza ndege zampanda pamakona oyenera. Ngati pali ngodya zambiri mdera laling'ono, simungagwiritse ntchito mozungulira - sizingakhale zovuta;
- sanjani bwino khoma loyamba pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo, chopondera ndi spatula. Pogwira ntchito timayang'ana kwambiri ma beacon;
- matope pakhomoli akamamata, zidzatheka kuyamba kukonza malo oyandikana nawo. Pakadali pano, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito spatula yokhala ndi tsamba lozunguliridwa kuti mupewe kusisita ndege yomwe yakonzedwa kale;
Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuthanso nthawi yomweyo makoma onse oyandikana nawo. Pachifukwa ichi, lamuloli siliyenera kubweretsedwa pakona, kuyimitsa masentimita 5-10 lisanachitike. Mikwingwirima iyi idzafunika kuti igwirizane pamanja.
- pangani ngodya pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera chokhala ndi tsamba lopindika. Timakoka kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi kuchotsa zosakaniza zochulukirapo ndikupanga mzere wolumikizana womveka bwino;
- Timachepetsa zotsalira za pulasitala ndi spatula pamene mawonekedwe akuyamba kukhazikika.
Gawo lirilonse malangizo kuti muchotse ngodya yakunja.
- Timaponya matope pandege pogwiritsa ntchito trowel. Timayika zinthuzo pakona ndi malire;
- Timachotsa kusakaniza kopitilira muyeso pogwiritsa ntchito lamuloli, kuyambira khoma limodzi, kenako kuchokera kwina. Poterepa, lamuloli liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa ma beacon ndi ngodya;
- Pogwiritsa ntchito ma spatula ndi theka-trowels, timakonza zolakwika zomwe zilipo monga lamulo. Ngati pali zokhumudwitsa, zitsekeni ndi yankho laling'ono ndikuziwongolera;
- Timapanga kukhazikika komaliza kwa makomawo posunthira poyenda kutalika kwake. Tsambalo lisakhudze zitsulo kapena pulasitiki.
Ngati ngodya ili mundimeyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti izungulire pang'ono. Izi zidzakupulumutsani kuwoneka kwa tchipisi, komwe kumapangika molumikizana bwino.
Kutsiriza pulasitala wamakoma
Ili ndiye gawo lomaliza la kupaka pulasitala, komwe kumapangitsa kuti khoma likhale lomaliza kumaliza. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za simenti, gypsum, ma polima. Zonse mwazomwezi zithandizira kumaliza malaya.
Ntchito zomaliza pulasitala:
- Chotsani zosayenerera zilizonse podzaza ndi zakuthupi.
- Tetezani khoma kukhwima pamakina - muyenera kupanga mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri.
- Pangani mawonekedwe okongoletsa ndi kapangidwe kapena kupumula.
Zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndizofanana ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ziwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwambiri.
Omaliza pulasitala ayenera kukhala ndi:
- kukana kuwonongeka kwa makina;
- mulingo wabwino wotchinjiriza;
- kufalikira kwa nthunzi;
- kukana chinyezi;
- kuthekera kokulitsa kusungidwa kwa kutentha;
- mawonekedwe okongoletsa.
Kuti ntchitoyo ichitike, muyenera:
- kuboola ndi chosakanizira;
- chidebe chosakanizira chisakanizo;
- spatula - yopapatiza komanso yotakata.
Njira zothandizira:
- Amapopera kuti apange gawo lochepetsetsa. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera kumangiriza kwa khoma ndi nthaka.
- Choyambirira ndiye pulasitala yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsetsereka pamwamba. Timaphimba utsi ndi dothi ndikugawa bwino munthawi ya ndege. Zotsatira zake, khoma liyenera kukhala lathyathyathya, pafupifupi lokwanira.
- Kuphimba - kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga mawonekedwe osalala bwino.
Pambuyo pomaliza kuyanika, imagayidwa, ndipo mutha kupitiliza kumaliza kukongoletsa.
Pulasitala wopanda ma beacon
Ngati kukhazikika kwa khoma sikofunikira kwa inu, ndipo mukukonzekera kuthana ndi zolakwika ndi zazing'ono mothandizidwa ndi zoyambira, sikoyenera kuyika ma beacon.
Magawo antchito:
- Ngati ndi kotheka, ikani chinthu chochepa kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito chopondera, ndikupanga chopindika ndi spatula.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito lamuloli, timatambasula chisakanizocho, kuchoka pansi mpaka pamwamba komanso mbali. Timachitanso chimodzimodzi molunjika.
- Ngati, pambuyo pouma kansalu koyamba, maenje apangidwe, yachiwiri iyenera kupangidwa.
- Mukadikirira kuti nthaka iume kwathunthu, pakani ndi choyandama cha pulasitiki.
Chitsulo chopanda ma beacon chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza makoma osiyanako pang'ono. Popeza palibe choyenera kuganizira, muyenera kuwunika ntchito moyenera nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito nyumba. Kalasi yabwino kwambiri imawonetsedwa mu kanemayo.
Makhalidwe a pulasitala azithunzi zopanda putty
Ngati makoma atatha kupaka pulasitala yakwana mokwanira komanso yosalala, kugwiritsa ntchito putty yomaliza sikofunikira musanadzipaka pazithunzi.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kulimbikitsa pulasitala wosanjikiza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tsinde ndi bolodi yolumikizidwa ndi simenti kapena polowa muzinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga njerwa ndi konkire. Poterepa, khoma limalimbikitsidwa ndi ma fiberglass mesh yokhala ndi ma 5 mm maselo. Mikwingwirima imakhala yokwanira, pomwe ina iliyonse ikutsatira yapitayo ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Yankho limayikidwa pamwamba ndipo chidule chimayamba.
Magawo omaliza akugwedeza ndikusalala. Pachifukwa ichi, tsinde limachepetsedwa ndi siponji yonyowa, burashi kapena botolo la utsi. Kenako tengani grater ndikupaka mafelemu mozungulira mozungulira. Ngati pambuyo pake pali zingwe zamphete, timayendetsa bwino. Tikuyembekezera kuti pulasitala ikhale yolimba, ndipo timakonza khoma ndi chopondera kapena spatula.
Makoma pulasitala ojambula
Zimakhala zovuta kukonzekera makoma ojambula pambuyo pake kuposa mapepala azithunzi. Utoto sudzawoneka bwino pakhoma losagwirizana komanso loyipa. Nthawi zambiri pamafunika malaya 3-4 a putty.
Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi khungu - kuti mugwire ntchitoyi, muyenera luso. Zowopsa zilizonse ndi madera osatsukidwa bwino zidzawonekera ndikuwoneka bwino pansi pa utoto. Kuwala kwakuthwa kumakulitsa kufalikira kwa makoma. Poyeretsa makomawo, m'pofunika kuunikira pakhomalo ndi nyali, ndikuwunikira kuwala kwake pakhomalo. Izi zithandizira kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zakonzedwa kale. Kuti mumange mchenga, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mauna nambala 240.
Kuika pulasitala pamakoma a matailosi
Ndizosatheka kumata matailosi pakhoma losagwirizana ndipamwamba kwambiri. Choncho, m'pofunika agwirizane ndi pulasitala. Izi zimachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zomata, kupewa matailosi kuti asatsike, ndipo njira zokutira zokha sizikhala zosavuta kuchita.
Kuti mukonzekere khoma lomata matailosi, mufunika pulasitala wabwino. Makhalidwe apamwamba ndiosayenera pankhaniyi. Kukula komaliza sikofunikira - khoma lidzabisalabe pansi pa zokongoletsa. Kuphatikiza apo, malo osalala amangolepheretsa kukonza matayala olemera.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za pulasitala wamakina
Kukonzekera kwa pulasitala kumakupatsani mwayi wosinthira magawo onse - kuchokera pakusakaniza chisakanizo mpaka kuphimba khoma ndi matope.
Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimatsanulidwa pamalo oyimira pulasitala, omwe amayamba kukonzekera yankho. Pambuyo pake, mbuyeyo amapaka chisakanizo kukhoma ndi payipi ndikulinganiza zokutira.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito pulasitala wamakina:
- Mulingo wokutira wokutira ndiwokwera nthawi 4-5 kuposa njira yachikhalidwe.
- Kupulumutsa pa puttying - 1 wosanjikiza ndikwanira, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito pamanja kumafunikira 2-3.
- Mtengo wa chisakanizo chogwiritsa ntchito makina ndi 30-40% yocheperako kuposa chimodzimodzi pakugwiritsa ntchito pamanja.
Zoyipa:
- Ndizovuta kukweza pansi zida zolemetsa. Ngati sichikukwanira mu chikepe, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuigwiritsa ntchito.
- Kuti mugwire ntchito, ndikofunikira kulumikiza malowa ndi netiweki yamagetsi.
- Phindu lachuma lingapezeke pokhapokha mukamaliza madera akuluakulu kuchokera ku 100 mpaka 150 mita lalikulu.
Mapeto
Tsopano mukudziwa kupaka khoma ndi manja anu. Kuzichita wekha sikuli kovuta kwambiri, ngakhale mutakhala atsopano pa bizinesi iyi. Maluso atha kulumikizidwa panjira. Yesezani kachigawo kakang'ono ka khoma musanamalize kumaliza kwenikweni.
