Chimodzi mwazosankha zokulitsa malo amoyo ndikuphatikiza khonde ndi chipinda. Kwa okhala m'nyumba zazing'ono, iyi ndiyo yankho lokhalo. Ma mita owonjezera amakongoletsa kapangidwe kake ndikupangitsa kuti chipinda chizigwira bwino ntchito. Posankha zakukonzanso, muyenera kuganizira zaukadaulo ndi zamalamulo. Zotsatira zakudzipangira nokha nyumba siziyenera kusokoneza anansi anu. Zosintha zilizonse, kujowina, kuwonongeka kwa magawo pagulu kapena nyumba ya njerwa kumafunikira mgwirizano ndi BTI.
Ubwino ndi zovuta pakuphatikiza
Kukonzanso kuti tiwonjezere malowa kudzapangira zatsopano zamkati. Kukonza koteroko kumachitika osati m'nyumba zazing'ono za Khrushchev, komanso m'nyumba zomwe zimakhala bwino. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa malo ogulitsira komanso mtundu wa nyumbayo, mgwirizanowu ungachitike m'njira ziwiri: pochotsa zenera ndi chitseko chokha, ndikuwonongeratu zonse pamodzi ndi sill.
Mukamakonza mawonekedwe akunja, mawonekedwe ake ayenera kuganiziridwa; zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali zinthu zochepa zomwe sizipanga katundu wowonjezera pakhonde la khonde. Kuphatikizira khonde kumalo osungira kumakhala ndi zabwino izi:
- Kuchuluka kwa chitonthozo;
- Wonjezerani kuwala kwachilengedwe;
- Kapangidwe koyambirira;
- Wonjezerani mtengo wamsika wanyumbayo;
- Kulengedwa kwa mawonekedwe apadera.
Zoyipa zolowa mu loggia kapena khonde zikuphatikizaponso kufunika kokonzanso zinthu mogwirizana ndi lamulo, posonkhanitsa ndi kusaina mapepala ambiri. Muyenera kupeza ndalama zakuthupi zowotcha, kutchinjiriza, kuyatsa, ndi zina zambiri. Mavuto amathanso kukhalapo pakuwononga magawano, popeza m'nyumba zambiri za nyumba yakale, malo ozungulira zenera ndi amodzi ndipo sangathe kuwaphwasula. Pakhonde la khonde, simungayike mipando yolemetsa, zida zazikulu kwambiri zapanyumba zomwe zimayambitsa kugunda.
Maonekedwe abwino ophatikizira nyumba zamatabwa ndi njerwa
Kugwetsa kwathunthu kwazenera, nsanamira yakumtunda kumatha kuchitidwa ndi njerwa, nyumba zotchinga. M'nyumba zamagulu, cholumikizira ndi khoma lokhala ndi katundu, kuphwanya kukhulupirika kwake ndi kowopsa. Ngati chilolezo chakuchotseratu kwathunthu chikulandilidwabe, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa zenera lowoneka bwino ndikuwonetsetsa zowonjezera.
Ndikosatheka kusamutsa batiriyo kupita kumalo omwe kale anali khonde. Zochita zotere zimatha kusokoneza mayendedwe amnyumba yonse. Mukamasula zenera, zotenthetsera zimatha kusunthidwa kukhoma loyandikira, kufupi ndi kotseguka.
Mukamakonzanso, ambiri amafuna kupanga pansi, koma ndizosatheka kupeza chilolezo chowononga mtedzawo. M'nyumba za njerwa, imagwirizira pakhonde ndipo ndi gawo limodzi. Ngati cholowacho chikachotsedwa mnyumba yomangidwa ndi ma slabs, ndiye kuti idzawonongeka, ndipo pansi pake pazizizira.
Mutha kugunda kutalika kwakamodzi mukaphatikiza zipinda ziwiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira kapena masitepe. Ngati ndalama zilola, pansi pake amakwezedwa mpaka kufika pakhomo.
Kusintha kofunikira
Ndikotheka kuyamba kuphatikiza loggia ndi chipinda chilichonse pokhapokha mutayang'ana mbali zonse za kapangidwe kake ndikuchita ntchito yokonzekera. Gawo loyambilira lakukonzanso liyenera kukhala zochitika izi:
- Glazing. Kusunga nyengo yotentha, mazenera ayenera kukhala azipinda ziwiri kapena zitatu za nyumba yanthawi zonse. Mutha kuwapangitsa onse kukhala osamva kapena kusiya chinthu chimodzi chotsegulira. Pa khonde lotuluka, ndibwino kuti mutseke mbali ndi mapanelo kapena kuyika njerwa.
- Kutentha. Zonsezi ziyenera kumalizidwa ndi kutchinjiriza. Kwa makoma, kudenga, ubweya wamagalasi, polystyrene imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pansi pamakhala kotentha.
- Zowonjezera Kutentha. Convector woyimitsa, wokonda kutentha kapena radiator yamafuta adzawonjezera kutentha m'derali. Zipangizo zamagetsi ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi zokhazikapo.
- Kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu kuchokera kunja. Uwu ndi udindo wovomerezeka kuti ulimbikitse dongosolo. Makona azitsulo amamangiriridwa kukhoma komanso kumapeto kwenikweni kwa khonde.
Momwe mungalembetsere kusintha - mgwirizano mu BTI
Ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zikalata kuti mupeze chilolezo chakukonzanso pomanga khonde pabalaza ngati khoma lichotsedweratu. Palibe chifukwa chololeza zochita kuti mutseke chitseko kapena zenera popanda kuphwanya konkriti. Chokhacho ndichakuti pogulitsa nyumba, zonse ziyenera kubwezedwa kumalo ake.
Ndikofunika kugwirizanitsa zochita zisanayambe kukonzanso mu bungwe lokonzekera. Kuti kukonzanso kukhale kovomerezeka, mtsogolomo sipadzakhala zovuta, muyenera kutsatira njira zotsatirazi:
- Lemberani ku oyang'anira zigawo, malo aukhondo ndi matenda;
- Pambuyo pakupeza chilolezo chopanga projekiti;
- Chitani kulumikizana mosamalitsa monga mwa pulaniyo;
- Pemphani ogwira ntchito ku BTI ndi oyang'anira kuti avomere ntchito, kujambula zithunzi ndi kuyeza;
- Pezani satifiketi yatsopano yolembetserako nyumba ndi malo osintha malowa.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kutsimikizira kulumikizana kwanyumba komwe kwachitika kale. Mu BTI ndikofunikira kupanga lingaliro lamaluso, kuwonetsa momwe zinthu ziliri m'deralo komanso zosintha zamakono. Tumizani chikalatachi ndi dongosolo la nyumba kuti zivomerezedwe ku SES. Thupi la boma lipereka kukana kotsimikizika. Mutha kuyesa kupita naye kukhothi. Mwayi wopambana mlanduwu ndikupewa chindapusa ndi ochepa kwambiri. Akulitsa mwayi woti chisankho chisayinidwe ndi ma signature a onse omwe akuvomereza zakukonzanso kwa nyumba zomwe akukhala.
Magawo Umodzi
Musanayambe ntchito yophatikiza chipinda ndi khonde, muyenera kudziwa mfundo zingapo zofunika. Nyengo munyumba yonseyo iyenera kukhala yofanana; ndizosatheka kuloleza kusokonekera kwa kutentha ndi kutentha m'dera lino. Kuti mumalize, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zochepa; mukakhazikitsa grille pansi pa kutchinga, ndimatabwa okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati aganiza zochotsa magawo a konkriti, mphamvu zawo ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Mawindo azenera ndi sill amapangidwa ndi konkriti, chifukwa chake zida zapadera zimafunika kuziphwanya.
Khoma loyera
Kukhazikika kotentha kokha ndikoyenera. Popanda maluso apadera, ntchito yotere siyingachitike payokha, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamakampani omwe akukonza zotembenukira kwina. Mawindo owala kawiri akhoza kukhala matabwa kapena chitsulo-pulasitiki. Mutha kuyika mawindo achikale, kusiya gawo la khoma pansi, kapena kupanga chipinda chopangira ndi magalasi owala. Ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito zopanda mawonekedwe.
Zipinda zochulukirapo mu chipinda chamagalasi, zimakweza kwambiri kutchinjiriza kwa mawu ndikusunga kutentha. Kukhazikitsa kumapitilira malinga ndi chiwembu. Choyamba, miyezo imatengedwa, kampanda kakonzedwa, ming'alu imachotsedwa ndi kuthandizira, kukulunga. Kenako chimango cha mafelemu chimayikidwa mozungulira.
Kukhazikitsa kwa zenera kumafanana ndi loggia yaying'ono komanso khonde lalikulu lalitali. Pambuyo poyika mawindo, pier imasungidwa. Mfundoyi iyenera kupatsidwa chisamaliro chapadera, popeza kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwonjezera malo a chipinda chachikulu.
Kutchingira khonde
Kukonzekera chipinda chotchinjiriza kumaphatikizapo kutsuka makoma ndi pansi pazomalizira zakale, kusindikiza ming'alu, kukonza malo ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Ndi bwino kuchita kutchinjiriza kwa matope ndi dothi lokulitsa ndikuwunika pang'ono. Gawo lotsatira ndi makina otenthetsera magetsi.
Pakhoma ndi pakhoma kutchinjiriza, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopepuka zochepa. Kutchinjiriza kwamphamvu kwamatenthedwe komanso matenthedwe otsika amakhala ndi: ubweya wamwala, thovu la polystyrene, thovu la polystyrene, polystyrene. Zipangizazi zimapereka zotsekera madzi zabwino, kuteteza makoma ndi pansi kuti zisawonongeke.
Parsing kutsegula ndi kukhazikika pansi
Kusokoneza malo otsegulira ndi ntchito yovuta yafumbi. Musanapitirize kugawa magawowa, muyenera kuchotsa mipando m'chipindacho, kuphimba zomwe zidapangidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikuzikonza ndi tepi. Kugawa kumayamba ndikuchotsa chitseko. Iyenera kukwezedwa ndikuchotsedwa kumadalira. Magalasi amatulutsidwa m'mawindo, kenako amatulutsidwa pamakoma. Ngati atalumikizidwa bwino, ayenera kudulidwa koyamba ndi hacksaw.
Nthawi zambiri rediyeta imakhala pansi pawindo. Imasulidwa kuchokera ku waya, mapaipi amalekanitsidwa ndi okwera. Mutha kuyika batire pamalo atsopano kapena kuimitsa kaye mpaka kumapeto kwa ntchito yophatikiza khonde ndi chipinda.
Musanapitirize kuwononga zenera, ndikofunikira kudziwa kapangidwe kake. Ngati yapangidwa ndi njerwa, imaphwanyidwa ndi nyundo. Kapangidwe konkriti kamawonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito nyundo kapena chopukusira. Choyamba, notches ndi kudula zimapangidwa, kenako nkugogoda ndi sledgehammer.
Sikuti ntchito iliyonse yokhazikitsanso ntchito imaphatikizapo kuchotsa pakhomo kuti likhale pansi. M'nyumba zina za njerwa, monolithic, khomo silili mbali ya khoma. Imaphwanyidwa ndi nyundo kapena nkhonya. M'nyumba zamagulu, pakhomo silichotsedwa. Njira yokhayo yolumikizira pansi ndikukweza mulingo wake pakhonde komanso mchipinda.
Pofuna kuthyola njerwa mwachangu komanso mosavuta, zikwapu za nyundo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola pamalumikizidwe azinthu. Chifukwa chake sadzaphwanyika ndikubalalika mchipindamo.
Komwe kuyika batri
Kutaya kwakatundu pa khonde kapena loggia mwachidziwikire ndikokwera kuposa pabalaza. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa makoma komanso kupezeka kwazenera lalikulu, malowa amafunika kutentha kwambiri kuposa ena.
Sizingatheke kuyika batiri pakhonde, chifukwa ndikuwonjezeka kwa ma radiator m'nyumba, anthu azilandira kutentha kwakukulu kuposa momwe amayenera kukhalira. Izi zitha kuvulaza oyandikana nawo pansipa, mphamvu ya ma radiator awo ichepetsedwa kwambiri. Njira yokhayo yomwe batire lingasinthire ndikusunthira kukhoma loyandikana nalo.
Magawo opanga ndi zosankha m'malo ophatikizika
Gulu la kusintha kuchokera kuchipinda kupita pa khonde litha kuchitidwa m'njira zingapo. Njira yoyenera imasankhidwa kutengera mawonekedwe am'chipindacho ndi kuthekera kwaukadaulo. Ngati khonde ndikupitiliza chipinda, kutsegulira kumatha kupangidwa ngati chipilala. Zomanga zitha kuchitika ndi nsalu, zitseko zotsetsereka, zokutira makatani. Kukonza munyumba yamagetsi kumafunikira zenera pamalo omwewo. Chinthu chovuta chimakulitsidwa momwe zingathere, ndikuwoneka ngati tebulo, kapamwamba ka bar. Chipinda chilichonse, chomwe chimasankhidwa kuti chikaphatikizidwe ndi khonde, pali malingaliro ambiri okonza ndi kukonza.
Pabalaza pakhonde
Njira yotchuka kwambiri yokonzanso. Kutuluka pakhonde nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku holo, chifukwa chake lingaliro lakuwonjezera malo motere ndiloyenera. Pali mitundu ingapo yamapangidwe otsegulira. Kuti zipinda ziwiri ziwoneke ngati zonse, ndikofunikira kuyika zowunikira bwino, sankhani zovala zoyenera pazenera.
Kutseguka kotseguka kumatha kuphimbidwa ndi zokongoletsa. Ikhoza kukhala makatani otsetsereka, pepala. Ndi bwino kuti musayike mipando poyambira. Iyenera kukhala yaulere, nthawi zonse kupezeka paulendo.
Mbali zam'mbali ndi magawano nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa ngati zipilala. Denga lokhala ndi mbali zingapo lithandizira kukhazikitsa malo ena azisangalalo. Chiwembu pafupi ndi zenera m'chipinda chochezera chotere chimapangidwa chochezera, ofesi, wowonjezera kutentha.
Khonde-khonde
Pali njira zingapo zophatikizira khonde ndi khitchini. Malingaliro ndi kapangidwe kake kakapangidwe kamadalira kasinthidwe ka khitchini, dera ndi khonde, katundu wofunikirako ndi zina. Mutha kulumikiza khitchini kukhonde motere:
- Kwathunthu. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino malo owonjezera. Pakati pa khitchini ndi khonde, khoma lagwetsedwa kwathunthu, kusiyana kwa msinkhu pansi kumakonzedwa ndikukhazikika kapena kukhazikitsa sitepe. Kutsegulira kumatha kupangidwa ngati mawonekedwe, zipilala zammbali. Kakhitchini yophatikizika yonse ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo ndipo imawala.
- Pang'ono. Lingaliro logwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri malo. Khoma ndi sill zimakhalabe m'malo. Ndi zenera ndi chitseko chokhonde zomwe zimachotsedwa. Njira iyi yophatikizira sikutanthauza kutchinjiriza kwa loggia.
- Palibe mayikidwe. Njira yosankhira kulumikizana imakupatsani mwayi wodyera panja popanda kukonzanso ndalama zambiri. Chinyengo cha malo wamba chidzapangidwa ndi chitseko chotsetsereka m'malo mwa khonde lanthawi zonse, mawindo apanoramic.
Khonde lachipinda
Pali malingaliro ambiri okongoletsera chipinda chophatikizira ndi khonde. Malo okhala mchipinda chogona ndi kupumula atha kupangidwa ngati zipinda ziwiri zodziyimira pawokha, zomaliza mosiyanasiyana ndi mayendedwe. Danga lowonjezeralo litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusungitsa zovala, ndikupatsanso ofesi.
Ngati kusakanikirana kwa chipinda chogona ndi khonde kumachitika kukulitsa malo, chipinda choterocho chiyenera kukongoletsedwa chimodzimodzi. Windo lazenera limachotsedwa kwathunthu, chophimba chimodzi chimapangidwa.
Khonde la ana
Kuphatikiza malo awiriwa kudzawonjezera malowa m'chipinda cha ana cha masewera, kusungira zidole, zinthu zawo. M'deralo lomwe likupezeka, mutha kuyika tebulo, shelufu yokhala ndi mabuku, kupanga kona yamasewera, kukonzekera malo opumulirako kapena malo owonera nyenyezi.
Kukhazikika kwa mwanayo kuyenera kukhala kotetezedwa bwino. Zowunikira zowunikira pakhonde zimafunikira. Sikoyenera kuwononga kutseguka konse pamodzi ndi zenera. Mbali yotsalayo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tebulo kapena shelufu yamabuku.
Kwa ana okulirapo, mutha kukonza malo ogwirira ntchito, laibulale yomwe ili pakhonde. Mapangidwe amkati amasankhidwa poganizira zofuna, zaka, jenda la mwanayo. Kutsirizitsa mdera laling'ono kumachitika ndikuwonjezera, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owongoka.
Zida zomaliza ndi mitundu
Zokongoletsa khoma zimachitika ndi zida zilizonse, kutengera kalembedwe, kapangidwe ka chipinda. Pepala loyenera, mapepala amadzimadzi, pulasitala wokongoletsera, mapanelo apulasitiki. Ndi bwino kukana pazitali zazitali ndi zinthu zina zamatabwa. Chifukwa choyandikira pazenera, ziwalo zamatabwa zidzauma ndikuphwanya. Mu holo, m'chipinda chogona, khonde lomwe likuphatikizidwa limatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kumaliza mitengo yamtengo wapatali.
Linoleum, matailosi, laminate amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pansi. Pofuna kugawa malo, makalapeti, masitepe ali oyenera. Kukongoletsa kudenga kumatengera mtundu wa khonde lolumikizirana. Ngati izi ndizophatikiza kwathunthu, zimapangidwa mofanana ndi chipinda chachikulu. Denga mumitundu yotsekedwa, yopatulidwa ndi mizati, ndi zenera, limakongoletsedwa ndi mapanelo apulasitiki, pulasitala wokongoletsera, utoto.
Mitundu yazomalizira zapansi, kudenga, makoma ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana wina ndi mzake komanso kamvekedwe kake pabalaza. Kuyika miyala, zojambula, miphika yokhala ndi maluwa atsopano zitha kukhala zomveka. Kuphatikiza kwamitundu kumasankhidwa ndi eni nyumba mwanzeru zawo.
Mbali kuyatsa ophatikizana zipinda
Sankhani mtundu wa nyali, kuchuluka kwake, malo kutengera cholinga cha chipinda ndi mawonekedwe. Ngati khonde ndi chipinda chachikulu zilekanitsidwa, ndiye kuti chandelier imayikidwa m'deralo, zowunikira zimayikidwa m'dera lina. Kafukufukuyu komanso malo owonetserako amathandizidwa ndi ma khoma ndi nyali zonyamula. Ndikofunikira kuwunikira pakhonde palimodzi kutsatira malamulo ena:
- Mphamvu imachotsedwa m'bokosi lapafupi kwambiri. Ndizosatheka kuphatikiza mawaya, kupotoza mosintha;
- Malo ogulitsira amatha kukhala masentimita 15 kuchokera pansi, koma osayandikira;
- Gawo la waya wamkati liyenera kukhala osachepera 2 mm;
- Chingwecho chimayikidwa padenga labodza kapena chobisika pakhoma.
Mapeto
Kuphatikiza khonde ndi chipinda chochezera ndi njira yodziwika bwino yokonzanso. Kugwetsedwa kwa zenera, pakhomo pake sizosangalatsa zotsika mtengo, koma zotsatira zake zidzakondweretsa mabanja onse. Ngati pali njira yopita ku loggia kuchipinda, ndipo palibe zoletsa pakukonza, muyenera kupanga malo owonjezera osazengereza. Kotero kuti kuphatikiza sikubweretsa mavuto mtsogolo, ntchitoyo iyenera kuchitidwa movomerezeka, kuwunika mosamala malamulo omanga.
