Mosaic si mtundu chabe wa zomangamanga zopangidwa ndi zinthu zazing'ono, koma njira yowonetsera zaluso zaluso. Zodzikongoletsera zamtunduwu zimakhala m'malo oyenera kwambiri osati zaluso zokha, komanso m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Zojambula za Mose zimapezeka mkati mwa nyumba ndi nyumba zambiri. Popeza mwaganiza zokongoletsa nyumba yanu ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino, poyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yake, katundu wake, ndikuwona momwe mungagwiritsire utoto pansi, pamakoma kapena kudenga. Popanda chidziwitso ichi, ndizosatheka kusankha pawokha zinthu zoyenera, kukhazikitsa koyenera ndi manja anu, kapena kuwongolera ntchito za mbuye.
Zogulitsa
Luso la Mose lidayamba kalekale. Zojambulajambula zoyamba zidapezeka pofukula akachisi ndi nyumba zachifumu m'mizinda yaku Sumeriya ku Mesopotamiya. Olemba mbiri yakale akuti nyumbazi zidafika theka lachiwiri la 4th mileni BC. Pali zambiri zomwe zapezeka kuyambira nthawi zakale, koma kutukuka kwamatabwa kunayamba nthawi ya Ufumu wa Byzantine, pomwe adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yaying'ono.
Zaka zoposa chikwi chimodzi zadutsa kuchokera pomwe mawonekedwe oyamba adayamba kuwoneka, ndipo zojambulajambula ndizotchuka kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa kukhitchini, mabafa, zimbudzi, ndi zipinda zina. Msika wa zomangamanga umapereka matailosi osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mothandizidwa nawo omwe amapanga chipinda chapadera, kuyala zoyambirira pamakoma, pansi, ndi kudenga.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za matailosi ndi kukula kwake. Kukula kwa zinthu zamtundu uliwonse kumakhala pakati pa 10 mpaka 50 mm². Zoyala zazing'ono sizingayikidwe m'malo opyapyala, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mawonekedwe ozungulira, mwachitsanzo, mizati, zotumphukira, ndege za concave. Ma tchipisi tating'onoting'ono ndizofala kwambiri, koma palinso makona anayi, ozungulira, ooneka ngati daimondi, ndi ma pixel ena.
Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zomalizidwa. Pogulitsa mutha kupeza ceramic, galasi, mwala, chitsulo, smalt, galasi, komanso tchipisi tamatabwa. Phale lamtundu wazinthu zomalizidwa ndizosiyanasiyana. Mukamasankha mthunzi woyenera kwambiri, muyenera kulabadira cholinga cha chipindacho, mtundu wa mtundu wama psyche amunthu.
Mitundu ya Mose - zabwino ndi zoyipa zake
Matailosi a Mose ali ndi maubwino angapo. Amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake abwino, kukana chinyezi, kutentha kwambiri, ndipo sikumatha padzuwa. Ndikusankha bwino ndikuyika, zikhala kwa zaka zambiri. Zina mwazovuta ndizokwera mtengo kwa malonda. Komanso, zimatenga nthawi yochuluka kuyika zinthu zazing'ono, kuti mupange gulu.
Kuchita bwino, kuthekera kopanga kapangidwe koyambirira kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo m'zipinda zosiyanasiyana. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa pansi ndi makoma mu bafa, bafa, ngakhalenso matailosi padziwe. M'khitchini, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa thewera ya kukhitchini, patebulo. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zipilala, zipilala, kukongoletsa moto, ndi zinthu zina zomanga.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zida zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matailosi ojambula. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mbali yake. Kuti timvetsetse mitundu yomwe idalipo, kuti timvetsetse bwino zomwe zikufunsidwazo, tikhala mwatsatanetsatane pamitundu ikuluikulu.
Galasi
Mchenga woyera wokometsedwa bwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zojambulajambula. Pa Kutentha mpaka 14000Pamwamba pake imasandulika ngati galasi lamadzi, lomwe limatsanulidwira mu nkhungu zofananira kuyambira 10 mpaka 50 mm². Galasi imakhala yolimba nthawi zambiri kuposa masiku onse, imatha kukhala yowonekera, yamitundu, matte, yokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa. Kuti mupatse mthunzi wina, mchere amawonjezeredwa pakupanga kwamadzi.
Smalt akhoza kusiyanitsidwa padera. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi galasi lomwelo lomwe limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera wa smelting ndikuwonjezera ma oxide achitsulo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya smalt: yowonekera, yosalala kapena opal, yolimba komanso yowonekera, golide ndi siliva. Ngati ma subspecies atatu oyamba akupezeka powonjezerapo utoto ndi zida zopumulira pakapangidwe kake, ndiye kuti zojambulazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotsalazo.
Ubwino wa mbale:
- kukhazikika;
- chisamaliro chosavuta;
- chilengedwe chaubwenzi;
- kusakhazikika kwa bowa ndi nkhungu;
- kapangidwe kokongola;
- kukana kutentha;
- kukaniza kukhudzidwa;
- kukana madzi;
- chisanu kukana.
Zoyipa:
- mtengo wokwera;
- makongoletsedwe ovuta;
- chovuta;
- malo oterera.
Zofanizira
Mosaic ndi mtundu wa galasi. Pali zosankha zonse zomwe zakonzedwa pa gridi ndikugulitsa zochuluka. Kuti mupeze chowonera, sputtering kapena amalgam (chophimba chowunikira chopangidwa ndi siliva ndi mercury) chimayikidwa kumbuyo kwa mbale. Monga galasi wamba, matailosi amtunduwu ali ndi maubwino omwewo, komanso amakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa chipinda, kudzaza ndi kuwala, ndikubisa kusayenda bwino kwa nthaka.
Mothandizidwa ndi chinyezi, alkalis, ndi zinthu zina zosungunulira zinthu, magalasi osanjikiza amatha kuwononga kapena kuda, zomwe zimafunikira chitetezo china. Kuphimbako kumathanso kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamakina, chifukwa chake, kuyika mbale kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri. Samalani kwambiri ndi zomatira. Ndibwino kuti musankhe nyimbo zoyera zopanda madzi zomwe sizimanyalanyaza panthawi yolimba.
Mwala
Mwala ndizinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu woyambirira, kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake. Pali mitundu ingapo yamatayala amwala, koma yotchuka kwambiri imachokera pamtunduwu:
- Chamtengo wapatali komanso chamtengo wapatali. Ma diamondi, miyala yamtengo wapatali, emeralds, ma spinels, ena. Sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, makamaka zokongoletsera mabasiketi, mabokosi ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono.
- Zokongoletsa. Serpentine, malachite, jasper, agate, ndi mitundu ina yokhala ndi mitundu yowala komanso mawonekedwe ake.
- Kutsiriza. Marble, lubwe, basalt. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ili ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo.
- Zosavuta (wankhanza). Miyala, sandstone, tuff.
- Amapanga. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ya porcelain, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kutentha kwa ufa wosindikiza.
Mwa zina mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zakuthupi, munthu amatha kudziwa kulimba kwake, chifukwa chake gulu lomwe lidayikidwa limatha zaka zopitilira chimodzi. Mwalawo suopa kusandulika, wotsutsana ndi kumva kuwawa, umatha kupirira kupsinjika kwamakina, ndipo ndiwodzichepetsa pokonza. Amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso mithunzi. Koma, ngakhale ali ndi maubwino onse, maselowo ndi olemetsa komanso okwera mtengo.
Ceramic kapena matailosi
Pakati pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa, zojambulajambula ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zothandiza komanso zofala. Pogwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mutha kupanga zithunzi zonse. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi tile yofanana ya ceramic, koma yochepetsedwa. Mbale zing'onozing'ono zimasunganso zonse za matailosi, motsatana, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Ubwino waukulu wazinthu izi ndi monga:
- Mphamvu yayikulu. Matailosi a ceramic a Mose satha kumva kuwawa, osawopa nkhawa, kuwonongeka kwamakina. Mosiyana ndi matailosi wamba, sigawanika zinthu zolemera zikagunda pamwamba.
- Kutsika pang'ono. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matopewo, saterera ngakhale chinyezi chikamadzafika pamwamba.
- Maonekedwe okongola. Amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe.
- Kukaniza chinyezi, kutentha kwambiri.
- Kutentha kukana.
- Kuyeretsa kosavuta. Ndikokwanira kuti nthawi zonse muzitsuka madzi ndi siponji.
Mwa zovuta, munthu amatha kusankha mtengo wokwera poyerekeza ndi matailosi wamba. Zojambulazo ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ndege yomwe adaikidwapo ndipo imafunikira kukonzekera bwino. Grout yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokola. Nthawi yopangira zinthu zazing'ono yawonjezeka kwambiri.
Kusankha zomatira kwa matailosi ojambula
Kuyika zojambulajambula ndikosavuta ndi manja anu. Mosasamala malo oyikirako ndi ukadaulo wosankhidwa, kukonzekera kwam'munsi ndikofunikira, kusankha kolondola kwa zomatira. Mutha kuyika zojambulazo pazomata zilizonse zoyenera pa matailosi. Koma posankha mtundu wina wosakaniza, m'pofunika kuganizira momwe zinthu zilili pamwamba ndi mawonekedwe ake. Zipangizo zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zinthu zojambulajambula:
- Zomatira zomangira. Ali ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Opanga amapanga zosakaniza zoyera kapena zotuwa zodzaza matumba 20-30 makilogalamu. Zolembazo zimaphatikizapo simenti, mchenga, gypsum, alabaster, fillers ndi plasticizers. Cement zomatira zimasungunuka ndi madzi kapena madzi a latex, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njerwa, zomangamanga za konkriti.
- Kupezeka zikuchokera. Anagulitsa zokonzedwa kale m'mabanki. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimaphatikizapo madzi, mchere, zowonjezera zowonjezera. Misa ya pasty ndi yokwera mtengo kuposa misa ya simenti, koma kusavuta kwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kumakwaniritsa izi. Zimatenga mphindi 30 kukhazikika kwathunthu. Munthawi imeneyi, momwe matailosi ojambula amatha kusintha. Chotsalacho chimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mu chidebe chotsitsimula.
- Awiri-zomatira. Mgulu wamphamvu kwambiri umakhala ndi epoxy resin ndi hardener. Zomwe zimapangidwazo ndizoyenera kupaka utoto wolimba (marble, galasi, pulasitiki, chitsulo). Kukutira khoma kwa Mose pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza ziwiri kumachitika mu bafa, dziwe, khitchini, shawa.
Kukhazikitsa ukadaulo
Mutha kudzipaka utoto pazithunzi zokha. Pobisa kusokonekera, putty imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cholimbitsa kapena chophatikizira pepala. Ndi akatswiri okha omwe amatha kuthana ndi zokongoletsa zaluso. Kuwerengera mtunda woyenera pakati pa tizidutswa tating'ono ndi kovuta kwambiri. Mukakhazikitsa, ndibwino kuti amisiri oyamba kumene azigwiritsa ntchito chinsalu chapadera chokhala ndi mtundu wokonzekereratu.
Kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa guluu ndi zithunzi
Pochita zokonza okha, akatswiri ambiri amisiri amagula zomata matailosi popanda kuwerengera koyambirira kwa kuchuluka kwake. Zotsatira zake, zinthuzo ziyenera kugulidwa kapena zotsalazo ziyenera kutayidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito guluu kumadalira pazinthu zingapo - mtundu wake, kukula kwa zinthu zojambulajambula, luso loyala, luso la mbuye.
Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa guluu womwe mumafuna 1 m2, njira zingapo zowerengera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chophweka kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito chowerengera chokha. M'madera ena, muyenera kuyika mawonekedwe azida, kuchuluka kwawo ndikudikirira kuwonetsa zotsatira. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, njirayi siyodalirika, popeza kuwerengera kudzakhala pafupifupi.
Pambuyo pakupanga zinthu zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa, mutha kuyamba kuwerengera kuchuluka kwake. Ngati matailosiwo ndi ofanana, njira yosavuta ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Choyamba muyenera kuyeza dera lomwe mukugwirako ntchito. Kenako dziwani komwe kuli tile imodzi. Tsopano tigawa kukula kwa maziko ndikukula kwa gawo limodzi ndikupeza mayunitsi ofunikira.
Kuwerengetsa kwa chisakanizo cha kuyika kumachitika poganizira mtundu wazinthu zoyang'ana. Matayala owala ndi okwanira makulidwe a 2-10 mm. Ndi bwino kukweza zoumbaumba zolemera pamsakanizo woyikidwa wosanjikiza wa 15-20 mm. Ndikotheka kukulitsa chizindikirochi ngati kuyikidwako kukuchitika pamwamba ndi zina zosafunikira.
Ngati makulidwe olimbikitsidwa ndi yankho la zomatira ali overestimated, chisakanizocho chimauma kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi zokutira zowongoka, zonse kapena gawo lazinthu zimatha kusuntha.
Zida zofunikira ndi zida
Zojambulazo zimamangirizidwa ku gawo lapadera ngati gridi kapena pepala. Chinsalu chowongoka chimasunthira mosavuta kulikonse. Itha kudulidwa ndi lumo kapena mpeni, ndipo imatha kupangidwa mwanjira iliyonse. Zipangizo ndi zida zotsatirazi ndizofunikira pakukhazikitsa zojambulajambula:
- Choyamba. Kuti mukongoletse bafa kapena khitchini, mufunika chopangira madzi;
- Zomatira zamitundu yapadera ya zojambulajambula ndi mawonekedwe;
- Grout yolumikizira;
- Notched trowel kutsatira zomatira;
- Pamwamba kukhazikika mbale;
- Mpira wonyezimira wopopera;
- Sandpaper yopera;
- Nsanza iliyonse yochotsera zomwe zitheke.
Kukonzekera kwa khoma
Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala mabesi okhala ngati mchenga wa simenti. Nthawi zambiri, malo ogulitsira amakonzedwa ndi pulasitiki kapena zowuma. Mosasamala chisankho chomwe mwasankha, kukonzekera makoma mosamala ndikofunikira. Pamwamba pake pamayenera kukhala paliponse, yopanda mabowo kapena ming'alu.
Pakukonzekera, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa makomawo kuchokera kufumbi ndi dothi. Kenako makoma amatsukidwa ndikuwongoleredwa. Ngati ataphimbidwa ndi zowuma, muyenera kutseka seams ndikubisa zisoti za zomangira. Coating kuyika kwa guluu wolimba mukauma, mutha kuyamba kuyala.
Kumata ntchito ndi kuyika zithunzi
Kuti mugwiritse gawo lazithunzi mozungulira, ndikofunikira kubweretsa guluu kuti likhale logwirizana. Kusakaniza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi spatula yosavuta, monga puttying, kuchokera pakona. Pamwambapa pakakonzeka masamba angapo, imayenera kuperekedwanso pamphika wonyezimira. Malangizo a zikwapu pankhaniyi zilibe kanthu. Njira yothetsera vutoli imasamutsidwa mbali yoyandikana ndi khoma.
Pali mitundu iwiri yothandizidwa ndi zithunzi - kuthandizira pepala ndi mauna. Iliyonse ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi njira zomata. Pachiyambi, ziwalozo zimadalira gulu la zomatira, ndipo pepalalo limakhala panja. Kachiwiri, maunawo pamodzi ndi zojambula zokhazikika adayikidwa pa guluu.
Grouting - kumaliza
Grout yosakwanira yosavuta imatha kuwononga mawonekedwe ake. Pofuna kupewa izi kuti zisachitike, musanapaka utoto wosakaniza ndi utoto woyera, m'pofunika kutsuka matayalawo kuchokera kufumbi, chotsani zomata zomata.
Grout ikhoza kukhala simenti yochokera kapena epoxy based. Posankha, munthu ayenera kutsogozedwa ndi zinthu payekha. Kuganiziridwa kuyenera kuperekedwa ku magwiridwe antchito a zithunzi, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, zamankhwala, zotentha. Muyeneranso kulingalira kuzama ndi m'lifupi kwake. Grout iyenera kufanana ndi zojambulajambula kapena zakuda pang'ono.
Ndikotheka kupukuta matope pokhapokha utakhala wolimba utayanika. Osachepera maola 24 ayenera kudutsa. Ngati lamuloli silikutsatiridwa, madontho amatha kuwonekera m'deralo.
Kutsiliza
Kukutira kwa Mose ndi koyenera kuzipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Yankho lachilendo, lothandiza lidzakongoletsa mkati. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zida ndi mawonekedwe, mathero amtunduwu amakhala ponseponse. Ndikosavuta kumata zithunzi zamtundu uliwonse, ngakhale pamalo otukuka komanso okhota. Pambuyo powonera kanema kapena chithunzi chavidiyo, ngakhale mbuye woyeserera amatha kuthana ndi sitepe ndi sitepe.
