Nyumbayi ndi yayitali mamita 8 ndi 8 mita mulifupi komanso yaying'ono. Koma magwiridwe antchito ndi chitonthozo cha nyumba yosanja kawiri, 8 × 8 m ndikokwanira. Nyumbayi ikuwoneka ngati yaying'ono - pali malo ambiri mkati okonzekera malo, makamaka ngati nyumbayo ili ndi malo angapo. Zomangidwe zamkati mwa nyumbayi zimaphatikizira kuphatikiza zipinda, koma sipayenera kuchepa kwa malo a banja la anthu 4-5. Mtundu wa nsanjika ziwiri ukhoza kugawidwa m'magawo awiri: yogwira komanso yosangalatsa. Chipinda choyamba chimasungidwa kuti chizilandira alendo, kuphika, zochitika zikondwerero. Pa lachiwiri akupuma ndi kugona. Nyumba zokhala ndi 64 sq. m amapezekanso ndi ma attics, masitepe komanso yosavuta nkhani imodzi. Maziko olimba amasiya mwayi wopanga malo ena.
Makhalidwe a nyumba 8 ndi 8
Potengera malo onse okhala, nyumbazi zitha kufananizidwa ndi zipinda zazikulu zitatu, zinayi- ndi zisanu zipinda. Ndi mawonekedwe oyenera, danga lamkati lidzakhala lokulirapo. M'nyumba ya 8 ndi 8, pali malo azimbudzi zingapo, zipinda ziwiri zogona, chipinda chochezera chachikulu ndi khitchini / chipinda chodyera. Mukamamanga nyumba zoterezi, muyenera kusamalira maziko ake. Maziko olimba amalola kumanga pansi. Nthawi zambiri anthu amamanga nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito bajeti kenako amafuna kuti ikhale nyumba yayikulu komanso yokwera mtengo. Kapangidwe ka nyumba 8 ndi 8 m amadziwika ndi mtundu womwewo: chipinda choyamba chimasungidwa pabalaza, pakhonde, bafa ndi khitchini, chachiwiri chogona chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Chipindacho chikukonzedwanso ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipinda china kapena chapamwamba. Mutha kupambana pophatikiza zipinda zina. Nyumbayi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi khitchini, pomwe ikukonza mapangidwe azipinda ziwirizi.
Malamulo okhudzana ndi malo anyumbayo
Nyumba yokhalamo iyenera kukhala patali osachepera 3 mita kuchokera pamzere wofiira wapanjira komanso osachepera 5 mita kuchokera pamzere wofiira wamisewu. Mtunda pakati pa nyumba mbali zonse za khwalala uyenera kukhala 6 mpaka 15 mita. Ngati nyumbazi ndizopangidwa ndi zinthu zosayaka, ndiye kuti mtunda wa mita 6 ndiwokwanira, ndipo ngati nyumba zonse ziwiri zimamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa ambiri, ndiye kuti osachepera mita 15 amafunika. Nthawi yaying'ono kwambiri yololedwa kuchokera kunyumbayo kupita kumalire amunda wina ndi mamita 3. Pakati pa nyumba yogona ndi bafa / chitsime / kompositi, pali kusiyana kosachepera 8 m. ngodya kuti asiye malo ochulukirapo bwalo momwe angathere. Komabe, zimadalira kwambiri malowa. Zing'onozing'ono, pafupi ndi m'mphepete muyenera kuyika nyumbayo.
Kusankha kwa zinthu zomangira
Nyumba zamatabwa zimaonedwa kuti ndizapamwamba kwambiri. Amawonekera kunja, ndipo mkati mwa nyumbazi mumakhala fungo labwino nthawi zonse. Nyumbayo ikhoza kumangidwabe ndi matabwa ozungulira. Komabe, zosankha zonsezi ndizodziwika ndi chitetezo chamoto chochepa. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nyumba zapayokha ndi njerwa. Iyi ndiyo njira yachikhalidwe. Zomangamanga zopangidwa ndiukadaulo waluso, zitha kuyimilira kwazaka zambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugawa malo azipinda zaluso. Ngati mapanelo a konkriti olimbikitsidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira, ndiye kuti nyumbayo siyodabwitsa. Pakumanga, mabatani a konkire opepuka amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu ina yazinthu izi imatha kuchepetsa mtengo wa ntchitoyi. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuwunikira zotchinga za thovu. Mitundu ina yazitsulo zopepuka za konkriti ndimakina a konkriti omira ndi konkire ya slag.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za zida zamatabwa
Mwa zida zamatabwa, ndi bwino kuwunikira:
- matabwa odulidwa;
- ndege;
- kumata.
Matabwa odulidwa amatha kusinthidwa ndikuwongolera mulifupi, ndikupangitsa kuti malowa akhale osalala. Ndiotsika mtengo. Zoyipa zakumundaku ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nkhondo, kuthekera kwamadzi kuti azitha kulowa, komanso nthawi yayikulu yofunikira pokonza. Ubwino wamatabwa omwe adakonzedweratu ndikuteteza mawonekedwe, mphamvu, kukana dzuwa, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kukana chinyezi, mawonekedwe oteteza kutentha. Palinso zovuta, zomwe zimafotokozedwa munjira yocheperako ya nyumbayo mpaka masentimita 15 komanso chizolowezi chopanga mipata chifukwa chosokonekera. Matabwa okutidwa ndi laminated ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu. Amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa shrinkage, mapindikidwe ndi kuyanika. Zinthu zotere zimakhala ndi chinyezi chabwino kwambiri, chomwe chimalepheretsa kukula kwa njira zowola. Zoyipazi zimawonetsedwa pochepera mwayi woyendetsedwa ndi mpweya komanso mtengo wokwera.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za kapangidwe ka njerwa
Pomanga nyumba za njerwa, ceramic ndi silicate amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mtundu woyamba ndiwosamalira zachilengedwe komanso wandiweyani. Pakumanga, imakopedwanso chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kwamadzi komanso kukana kwamadzi. Nkhaniyi ili ndi porosity yomwe imalola kuti iziphatikiza zabwino zomwe zili pamwambapa. Kutentha kwa chisanu kwa njerwa za ceramic kuyeneranso kudziwika. Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa ndizosakhazikika kwa mawonekedwe azinthu zina. Zolakwika sizimadziwika nthawi zonse ndipo izi zimapangitsa kukhala kovuta. Miyala ina imatha kukhalabe mu njerwa. Njerwa zamchenga zamchenga zimakhalanso zachilengedwe. Imagwirizana ndi matope aliwonse omanga. Njerwa za silicate zimapatsidwa zinthu zambiri zabwino. Chigawo chilichonse chimadziwika ndi geometry yangwiro. Zinthuzo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowumiriza, kukana chisanu, kutchinjiriza kwamawu abwino. Komabe, imalemera kuposa ziwiya zadothi, chifukwa chake maziko olimba adzafunika. Zinthu zosakanikirana sizilekerera kutentha kwakukulu.
Njerwa zamchenga ndi mchenga ndizokongola, koma mtundu wa ceramic umakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazokongoletsa.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zazinyumba
Nyumbazi ndizosankha poyerekeza ndi njerwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsekedwa kwa nyumbazi kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosiyanasiyana. Ntchito zomaliza zimayamba atangomanga kumene. Nyumba zoyimilira zimasungabe kutentha bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumbayi imatha kumangidwa nthawi yotentha komanso yozizira. Pali mwayi wopulumutsa pamaziko, chifukwa maziko okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri sofunikira. Kupanga kwa chimango mwachangu. Nyumba ya 8 × 8 m ikhoza kumangidwa m'miyezi ingapo (kuphatikiza kumaliza). Kutchingira mawu koyipa ndikosowa nyumba za chimango. Nyumba za monolithic, njerwa ndi zotchinga zili bwino pankhaniyi. Choopsa chimayeneranso kudziwika ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsika mtengo. Izi zimagwira ntchito kumapangidwe omaliza komanso kuopsa kwa wogwira ntchitoyo pomanga.
Mungasankhe maziko amtundu wanji
Mitundu yayikulu ya maziko:
- tepi;
- slab;
- mulu;
- mzere;
- kuyandama.
Izi zimangodalira zida zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumbayo komanso mawonekedwe a nthaka. Maziko olimba amayesetsa kuthana ndi katundu wolemera (makoma olemera ndi pansi pafupi ndi nyumbayo). Izi zikugwira ntchito pamtundu wotsalira wa maziko. Nyumba ya njerwa kapena yamiyala yokhala ndi kukula kwa 8 ndi 8 m ikhoza kumangidwapo. Maziko osaya ndi ofooka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mitengo yopepuka. Kufikira pamlingo winawake, maziko a slab ndi apadziko lonse lapansi. Imagwira pafupifupi m'nthaka zamtundu uliwonse komanso pansi penipeni pa madzi apansi panthaka. Felemu, matabwa ndi nyumba za njerwa zimatha kumangidwa motere. Mtengo wake, komabe, ukhala wokwera. Tiyenera kudziwa za maziko amuluwo. Popeza uwu ndi mtundu wodalirika kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka yosakhazikika. Pakumanga nyumba zotsika kwambiri, maziko amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Chiwerengero cha malo ogulitsira nyumbayo
Kukula kwa 8 ndi 8 mita kumalola nyumbayo kukhala pamalo ocheperako, ndikupatsa mwayi wokhala momwemo. Chiwerengero cha pansi chimasankhidwa pakati pa chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yachiwiri itha kuchitidwa mosiyanasiyana: ikhoza kukhala nyumba yokhala ndi chipinda chachiwiri ndi chipinda chaching'ono, kapena chogona chachikulu. Mukamapanga nyumba, muyenera kuganizira zogwiritsa ntchito gawo loyandikana nalo - malo abwino kwambiri opangira masitepe ndi malo a chilimwe. Kukonzekera mkati mwa nyumba ndi kovuta komanso kovuta. Ndikofunikira kupanga chisankho choyenera cha kuchuluka kwa zipinda zogona, kukula kwa pakhonde, kasinthidwe ka pansi. Ndikofunika kulingalira njira zomwe mungaphatikizire zipinda zingapo zomwe mukufuna. Chofunikira pakukhala m'nyumba zapadera ndi chipinda chachikulu cha alendo. Zonsezi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mu yankho limodzi.
Nyumba ziwiri zosanja
Nyumba yomwe ili pansi pa 2 ndi njira yabwino yopulumutsira malowa. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupange ndikukonzekereratu zazing'ono pamenepo. Kutalika kwa mita yotalika mita 3 kumatha kusiidwa mokomera mita ya 2.8. M'nyumba yansanjika ziwiri, izi zipulumutsa mphamvu zotenthetsera. Nyumba zapansi pa 2 ndi magawo a 8 × 8 mita ndi denga lokhala ndi malo otsetsereka pang'ono zimakonzedwa kutengera ngati idzakhala nyumba yokhalamo, kanyumba kokhazikika kapena mwayi wanyengo. Kukhazikika kwabwino kwa nyumba zogona za 2 kumatanthauza kupezeka pansi: chipinda chochezera chophatikizira chipinda cholowera, khitchini yoyandikira malowa, chipinda cha ana ndi bafa imodzi kapena ziwiri. Chipinda chachiwiri ndi malo ogona chachikulu komanso kafukufuku wocheperako. Pali holo ndi chipinda china / bafa pafupi ndi masitepe. Pa chipinda chachiwiri, ndikofunika kukhala ndi zipinda 1 mpaka 3.
Kanyumba
Kapangidwe ka nyumba yansanjika imodzi yoyeza 8 × 8 m iyenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa ana m'banjamo. Ngati alipo awiri, ndiye kuti akhoza kugawa chipinda chimodzi chachikulu kapena awiri ang'onoang'ono. Njira imodzi ndi zipinda ziwiri, imodzi ya akulu ndi ina ya ana. Zipinda zimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana: ndi matebulo ndi zovala. Malo ocheperako ocheperako achikulire ndi 12 sq. m, ndi zenera limodzi. Chipinda cha ana chimapangidwa chokulirapo pang'ono ndipo makamaka ndi mawindo awiri. Pabalaza, mamita lalikulu 20 ndikwanira. Ndi bwino kuyika khwalala, khitchini, bafa ndi chimbudzi pamakilomita 14-16 mita. M. Khitchini iyenera kupatsidwa malo pafupi ndi khomo. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitha kupita kuzipinda zina momwe mungathere kuchokera pakhonde laling'ono. Ngati n'kotheka, zipinda zonse ziwiri zimakhala mbali zosiyana. Palinso njira ina yabwino, yomwe imakhudza kupezeka kwa chipinda chimodzi ndi situdiyo yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa magawowo.
Nyumba yokhala ndi chipinda chapamwamba
Njira yofala kwambiri ndi nyumba yokhala ndi chipinda chapamwamba ngati chipinda chachiwiri. Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa nyumbayo kumatha kupangidwa mosiyana ndi momwe zingathere. Malo ena aulere nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pansi pa denga la chipinda. Ma chimney amakongoletsa denga ndi phompho lotsetsereka. Pansi pa chipinda chanyumba chokhala ndi chipinda chapamwamba, chipinda cholowera chokhala ndi zovala, khitchini yokhala ndi chowonjezerapo chaching'ono komanso chipinda chachikulu cha alendo chiyenera kukonzedwa. Ngati mukufuna kugawa zipinda zogona 2, imodzi mwa izo imapangidwa pansi ndipo idapangidwa kuti izitha kulandira alendo. Ndi bwino kumanga masitepe opita kumtunda osati pakhonde, koma pabalaza. Zipinda zingapo ziyenera kuperekedwa pansi. Yoyamba mwa iyo ndi chipinda chogona chachikulu chophatikizira ndi ofesi. Muyeneranso kupanga nazale yayikulu. Pansi pa chipinda chapamwamba ndi malo oyenera ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Nyumba yowonjezeredwa
Nyumba yokhala ndi masentimita silingasokoneze zolumikiza monga masitepe ndi ma verandas. Imeneyi ndi njira yodziwika yofalitsira malo okhala. Kumeneko mutha kupumula, kucheza ndi masiku ofunda, kukonza nyumba yosungiramo katundu kapena kuyika zinthu zina. Masitepe ndi otseguka, otsekedwa, osinthika ndimapangidwe otsetsereka. Mtundu wowala ndi chipinda chowonjezera chokwanira chokhala ndi zolinga zambiri, makamaka zosangalatsa. Mutha kusunga ndalama poyatsira bwalo. Nyumba zambiri m'malo mwake zimakhala ndi pakhonde lotseguka kapena lotsekedwa pakhoma lonse. Ndikosavuta kuwoneratu popanga nyumba. Garaja iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi nyumba yogona. Momwemo, ili ndi maziko ofanana ndi nyumbayo. Ichi ndi chifukwa china cholingalira zosankha zonse zomwe zingachitike pakuwumba nyumba ndi gawo.
Pali zosankha zingapo zosangalatsa zowonjezera:
- Kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, zidzatheka kutenga masamba kapena zipatso msanga pamunda wotsekedwa.
- Wowonjezera kutentha ndi njira yosangalatsa kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa zomera, akhoza kudzazidwa ndi mipando. Zotsatira zake ndi chipinda chokongola komanso choyambirira chokhala ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe.
Makhalidwe oyika zipinda mnyumbamo
Pankhani ya chipinda choyamba, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza zipinda zingapo m'malo amodzi. Khonde ndi chipinda chovala zimapangidwa mchipinda chimodzi. Kakhitchini imapangidwa bwino ndi katumba kakang'ono. Chipinda cha alendo chimafuna masitepe olowera kuchipinda chachiwiri kapena chapamwamba (ngati chilipo). Ndibwino kuti mupange bafa imodzi pansi, ndipo ngati nyumbayo ili ndi nsanjika imodzi, ndiye kuti mufunika ziwiri chimodzi (1 chophatikizira ndi 1 chimbudzi). Chipinda choyamba chimapangidwa ponseponse, choyenera kukhala ndi alendo. Ngati wokalamba kapena wolumala amakhala mnyumbamo, chipinda chogona cha pansi pa awiriwo chimayenera kupatsidwa kwa iye. Gawo lachiwiri limakwaniritsidwa ndi madera omwe si oyambawo. Nawo malo ampumulo ndi chete. Masitepe omwe anali pansi pachiwiri ayenera kuzungulira ndi malo ambiri omasuka. Sitiyenera kulemedwa ndi zida zambiri.
Zofunikira pakakonzedwe ka chapamwamba:
- Chipinda cha ana chovala;
- Chipinda chogona;
- Chipinda chokwanira cha kusunga zinthu;
- Chipinda chachikulu chokhala ndi khonde.
Nyumba zamakono zamakono 8 ndi 8
Zosankha zomwe zingapezeke m'mabuku a mapulojekiti omalizidwa ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana: kuchuluka kwa zipinda zogona ndi 4-5, malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito opitilira 100 mita lalikulu. m, kupezeka kwa bwalo. Pali zosankha ndi chipinda chapansi, chipinda chapamwamba. Imodzi mwazinthu zapamwamba za nyumba 8 ndi 8 m imapereka njira yaying'ono yopita kumsewu yomwe imalowera kukhonde lokwerera masitepe apansi. Bafa limaperekedwa pafupi ndi khomo lakumaso. Mosiyana ndi masitepewo pali chipinda chochezera chachikulu (pafupifupi 27 sq. M). Amalowa kukhitchini kumbali yakunyumba kuchokera pakhomo. Pa chipinda chachiwiri pali zipinda ziwiri zogona. Zina zomwe mungachite ndi monga kusowa kwa zipinda zazitali, masitepe pabalaza, chipinda chimodzi / ziwiri mosiyana kapena pa chipinda chachiwiri. Mbali yapadera ya mapulojekiti amakono amakono ndi malo akulu otseguka pazenera ndi makonde achidule.
Posankha ntchito yanyumba, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kulingalira zosowa za mamembala onse.
Kutsiliza
Dera la 8 ndi 8 mita ndikokwanira kukhazikitsa malingaliro amangidwe. Kusintha kwazitali kumayendera bwino ndi ziwembu zamakona anayi, zomwe ndizochulukirapo. Zomangamanga za mawonekedwe awa sizimayendera limodzi ndi chitetezo. Vuto lalikulu ndikusankha kwamkati, chifukwa pali kusiyanasiyana kokwanira. Muyenera kusankha kuti mugone zipinda zingati, komanso ngati ndichofunika kuzichita pansi, komanso kulingalira zina zambiri. Pabalaza nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi khitchini kapena pakhonde. Zimbudzi zimayikidwa pamagawo onse awiri, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, woyamba. Pansi yachiwiri, ndikofunikira kuti mupatse chipinda chogona chachikulu ndi chipinda chachikulu cha ana. Khonde limodzi liyenera kumangidwa.Nthawi zina, kumanga ndi kumaliza kumangotenga miyezi ingapo.
