Kujambula
Kodi ndi khonde lotseguka kapena lowala bwino, kuli kozizira kapena lotchinga bwino kotero kuti lasandulika chipinda chosiyana? Kusankha kwa zinthu zomalizira kumadalira pazinthu zambiri. Kujambula ndi njira yodziwika bwino yosinthira makoma a khonde.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Mitundu yambiri: utoto umatha kusindikizidwa, kusakanikirana, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumithunzi iwiri kapena kupitilira apo mchipinda chimodzi. | Kukonzekera kujambula kumafuna nthawi yambiri ndi kuyesetsa: kuphatikiza makoma ndi pulasitala, choyambira ndi putty ndikofunikira. |
| Imodzi mwamitundu yamabuku yomaliza kwambiri. | |
Palibe maluso apadera omwe amafunikira kujambula. | Muyenera kusankha utoto, mawonekedwe ake omwe amafanana ndi zokutira zamtsogolo. |
Utoto umateteza pamwamba pakuwonongeka ndi dzimbiri. |
Khonde loyang'ana kumpoto ndi losavuta "kukopa padzuwa" pojambula utoto wofunda, wowoneka bwino. M'malo mwake, khonde lakumwera likhoza "kutsitsimutsidwa" pogwiritsa ntchito mithunzi yozizira. Lingaliro lina labwino ndikupaka khoma lamalankhulidwe ndi utoto wa slate ndikusintha zolemba ndi zojambula kuti zigwirizane ndi malingaliro anu.
Kwa makoma a khonde, akiliriki kapena utoto wamafuta, ma enamel, kuphatikiza ma alkyd, ndioyenera. Utoto wopangidwira ntchito zakunja udzakhala wautali.
Pachithunzicho pali khonde lopapatiza, lomwe makoma ake ndi oyera, zomwe zimapangitsa malowa kukhala owoneka bwino.
Zokongoletsa pulasitala
Mapeto omata omwe amawoneka okwera mtengo komanso okongola kuposa utoto. Zimayenda bwino ndi miyala yokongoletsera.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Ili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana magwiridwe antchito: pulasitala ikugulitsidwa pamakonde onse otseguka komanso otsekedwa. | Mtengo wapamwamba. |
| Mutha kuyika kapangidwe kofewa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake kusankha kwa mawonekedwe kumatsalira ndi mwini nyumbayo. | Kupaka pulasitala kumakhala kovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa utoto wamba. |
| Pulasitala amatha kutenthedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusankha kwa mithunzi kulibe malire. | Malo owoneka bwino amapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusamalira makomawo. |
| Sizitengera kumaliza kwa makoma, chifukwa amabisa zolakwika zazing'ono. |
Kwa makonde otseguka, pulasitala yosagwira chinyezi yozikidwa ndi silicone kapena simenti ndi yoyenera. Mukamasankha, muyenera kumvera mawu akuti "Kugwiritsa ntchito panja".
Kwa makonde owotchera, pulasitala ya laimu imapangidwira, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi miyala yachilengedwe. Loggias yotentha imakutidwa ndi mchere kapena gypsum base.
Pa chithunzicho pali malo oti mupumule ndikugwira ntchito, yokhala ndi loggia. Makoma ake anali okutidwa ndi pulasitala, chifukwa chake mkati mwake mumawoneka bwino komanso kotentha.
Matailosi
Kukongoletsa makoma a loggia ndi matailosi a ceramic, ndi mtengo wokwera wa zinthuzo, amadziwika kuti ndi njira yotchuka, koma imakhalanso ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Kusintha kwakukulu kwamitundu, makulidwe ndi mitundu sikuchepetsa malingaliro anu mukakongoletsa loggia. | Mtengo wapamwamba. |
| Tileyo imalekerera mitundu ingapo bwino, ndiyosavuta kuyeretsa ndipo imagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali. | Mukayika, imafunikira malo owongoleredwa ndi kulondola. Ndi bwino ngati ntchitoyi ichitidwa ndi katswiri. |
| Amapatsa khonde ndi loggia mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, olemekezeka. | Ma seams amayenera kukonzedwanso nthawi ndi nthawi. |
Ngati chipinda ndi chaching'ono, ndibwino kuti muyiike ndi matailosi ang'onoang'ono. Slabs akulu amapangitsa khonde kuwoneka laling'ono; zopangidwa ndi mithunzi yopepuka zidzakuthandizira kuwonekera. Kwa makoma, mutha kusankha matte ndi glossy kumaliza.
Kuyika
Kupaka matabwa ndikofala mdziko lathu - ndizinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwa nyumba ya loggia.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Njira yotsika mtengo yokongoletsa makoma a khonde. | Mtengowo umakhala ndi chinyezi, choncho zolumikizirazo ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala enaake ophera fungal. |
| Zomata zili ndi zolumikizira zomwe zimachepetsa kuyika. | Zitha kupunduka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito clapboard pamakonde osungidwa. |
| Wochezeka, samatulutsa zinthu zapoizoni. | Amafuna zida zapadera pophimbira khonde. |
| Ali ndimatenthedwe kutchinjiriza katundu, kumawonjezera mlingo wa kutchinjiriza phokoso. |
Kuti mumalize khonde, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugule mayikidwe a yuro, popeza loko wake ndi wodalirika kwambiri kuposa wamba.
Atayang'anizana ndi makomawo, amatha kujambula mtundu uliwonse kapena varnished. Nthawi zambiri osati makoma okhawo omwe amadzazidwa ndi bolodi, komanso kudenga.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa loggia wamtundu wa eco, womwe umasungidwa chifukwa cha zokutira ndi mipando yamatabwa.
Bung
Kukutira khoma la kork, malinga ndi akatswiri, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale nyengo yaying'ono kwambiri pa loggia.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhalanso ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kutchinjiriza kwa mawu. | Sizingadzitamande ndi mitundu yayikulu. |
| Imalemera pang'ono; kumaliza kwachitika mwachangu mokwanira. | Ndibwino kuti mutseke ndi varnish kapena sera mukakhazikitsa. |
| Osatengera kusintha, popeza sichiwopa chinyezi komanso kutentha kwambiri. |
Asanakhazikitsa mapanelo, ayenera kuloledwa kupumula mchipinda chowuma (pafupifupi masiku awiri). Chombocho chimamangiliridwa kumtunda ndipo chimangoyenera makonde otsekedwa.
Pachithunzicho pali loggia yolumikizidwa yomwe imamalizidwa ngati mapanelo a cork.
Laminate
Ndi zokutira zamatabwa zopangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo. Mzere wapamwamba uli ndi zoteteza komanso zokongoletsera. Monga lamulo, laminate amatsanzira nkhuni zamitundumitundu ndi mitundu, kuphatikiza okalamba.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Maonekedwe okongoletsa, mitundu yambiri. | Yoyenera kukongoletsa mkati mwa khonde, popeza ili ndi zotchingira zochepa. |
| Chifukwa cha kutseka kwazinthu, kuyika laminate sivuta. | Simungadule makoma ndi laminate ngati loggia ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati dimba lachisanu kapena kuyanika zovala. |
| Zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizolimba komanso zolimba. | Amafuna malo abwino kwambiri. |
Musanalowetse loggia, m'pofunika kupanga glazing ofunda - akatswiri athandizira kuthetsa vutoli. Mutha kugwira ntchito yotchingira ndikutchingira kumadzi nokha powerenga zolemba zothandiza ndikuwonera makanema ophunzitsira.
Mtundu wosalala kwambiri wa laminate amadziwika kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri m'kalasi la 33.
Pachithunzicho pali loggia, yomwe makoma ndi pansi pake zimamalizidwa ndi laminate.
Zowuma
Kudula khonde ndi gypsum plasterboard amasankhidwa ndi anthu omwe amayang'ana kuyesetsa komanso kupulumutsa nthawi. Mapepala a plasterboard atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa makoma a loggia yokhayokha.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Ntchito yayikulu: zosavuta kudula. | Kutsika kwa chisanu. |
| Drywall imagonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi ngati mutagula mtundu winawake wokutira. | Brittleness (imakhala ndi gypsum ndi zigawo ziwiri za makatoni). |
| Imalola kukwaniritsa makoma ogwirizana mkati popanda mtengo wowonjezera. | Ngati makoma ali olingana, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chimafunikira kupatula guluu, koma nthawi zambiri mapepala amaphatikizidwa ndi chimango chojambulacho. Kulengedwa kwa kapangidwe kameneka kumafunikira zowonjezera mphamvu. |
Makoma a Plasterboard amawoneka osamalizidwa osamaliza, chifukwa chake kuti apange mawonekedwe okongola ayenera kujambulidwa kapena kukongoletsedwa ndi pulasitala wokongoletsera.
Pachithunzicho ndi loggia, yomalizidwa ndi mapepala a plasterboard osagwira chinyezi.
Mapanelo a PVC
Mapanelo apulasitiki (kapena kutsetsereka) amadziwika kuti ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri pakukongoletsa khonde mkati.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. | Mtengo wotsika wakumalizira ulinso chinthu chamaganizidwe: pulasitiki samagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'malo abwino. |
| Sifunikira maluso apadera pakukhazikitsa. | |
| Kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi ndi cinoni. | Zinthu zosalimba sizitha kukanda ndi kusokonekera. |
| Mtengo wotsika. |
Mapanelo a PVC amakhala okwera nthawi zonse pazitali zopangidwa ndi mbiri yazitsulo kapena matabwa.
Ma slats apulasitiki amakwera pang'onopang'ono komanso molunjika.
Mapangidwe a MDF
Kuyika kapena mapanelo a Mdf ndiye kusankha kwa iwo omwe amayamikira nkhuni chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake, koma amasamala zakukhazikika kwa mapeto.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Osatengeka ndi chinyezi kuposa nkhuni. | Low amadza kukana. |
| Chokhalitsa komanso ochezeka. | |
| Ndi zotchipa kuposa nkhuni. | Ngakhale kutsanzira kwamtundu wapamwamba, MDF ikadali yosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitengo yachilengedwe. |
| Easy kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza. |
Kukhazikitsa kwa mapanelo kumachitika pabokosi lamatabwa. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mubise zosanjikiza ndi makoma osagwirizana.
Kuphatikiza pa mapanelo osindikizidwa olimba a MDF, mankhwala opaka ma laminated amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza khonde. Amadziwika ndi kutentha kwakanthawi, kulimba komanso kusamalira bwino.
Kujambulidwa khoma lomwe lamalizidwa ndi mapanelo a MDF okhala ndi laminated omwe amatsanzira matabwa amtengo wapatali.
Mwala wokongoletsa
Mwala wokumba amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwanjira zokongola komanso zothandiza kukongoletsa khonde.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Kukhazikitsa kosavuta: zogulitsa zimamangiriridwa pamankhwala apadera, ngakhale oyamba kumene amatha kuthana nazo. | Pakhoma pake pamasonkhanitsidwa fumbi ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kuyeretsa kukhale kovuta. |
| Mwalawo umagonjetsedwa ndi zotengera zakunja ndi zamakina: chinyezi, moto, bowa, kutentha kwambiri. | Mitundu ina yamiyala yokumba siimalimbana ndi chinyezi, monga matailosi a gypsum. |
| Mutha kusankha mtundu womwe mumakonda komanso mawonekedwe kuchokera kosiyanasiyana. |
Potengera mawonekedwe a ntchito, sizotsika kwenikweni mwala wachilengedwe, ndipo nthawi zina zimauposa.
Masiku ano, njerwa zokongoletsera ndizofala kwambiri. Amapereka khonde mafakitale ena, koma nthawi yomweyo amawoneka achilengedwe komanso owoneka bwino.
Mu chithunzicho pali khonde lowoneka bwino, lomwe limakongoletsedwa mothandizidwa ndi miyala yokongoletsera.
Wallpaper
Umenewu siwo mtundu wokongoletsa kwambiri, popeza moyo wa mapepala okhala pakhonde umadalira kutchinjiriza kwake.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu ndi mitundu kulibe malire. | Wallpaper zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakhonde lotetezedwa komanso lotenthedwa. Kutentha sikuyenera kufika -5 madigiri. |
| Mtengo wotsika. | Zithunzi zina zimawala dzuwa. |
| Njira yabwino ngati loggia yolumikizidwa mchipindacho. | Pamafunika khoma logwirizana bwino. |
| Zosagwira pamakhonde okhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira: zimasokonekera mwachangu ndikuchoka. |
Kuphatikiza pa makonda osaluka, mapepala ndi vinyl, mapepala amadzimadzi kapena achilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokongoletsera. Malinga ndi lingaliro lakapangidwe, mutha kukongoletsanso khonde ndi chithunzi cha zithunzi chomwe chingathandize kuwonekera kukulitsa malowo.
Pamapeto pake
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga loggia yapadera, komanso koposa zonse.
| Ubwino | zovuta |
|---|---|
| Mutha kuphatikiza njira zingapo zomaliza ndikupeza zotsatira zilizonse zofunika. | Sizinthu zonse zomwe zitha kuphatikizidwa. |
| Mutha kuchepetsa mtengo wokonza mwa kuphatikiza mitundu yotsika mtengo komanso yotsika mtengo nthawi yomweyo. | |
| M'madera omwe amadziwika bwino ndi chinyezi, zida zosagwiritsa ntchito chinyezi zimasankhidwa, komanso zamakoma ofunda, zochepa kwambiri. |
Zimayenda bwino wina ndi mnzake: pulasitala wokongoletsera ndi miyala yokumba, utoto ndi zotchinga (mdf ndi laminate), utoto ndi mapepala, matabwa ndi njerwa zokongoletsera.
Mu chithunzicho pali loggia, momwe iye amakongoletsa matabwa ndi utoto woyera mogwirizana.
Mwa kuphatikiza mitundu ya zomalizira, ndikofunikira kupanga projekiti pasadakhale, yomwe ikupatseni zosankha zingapo: mutha kusankha khoma limodzi lamalankhulidwe motsutsana ndi kusalowerera ndale, kukonza dera lomwe lili pansi pazenera mwanjira yapadera, kapena kumaliza chimodzimodzi makoma ammbali ndi pansi. Zopeka ndizochepa kokha ndi bajeti komanso magwiridwe antchito a khonde.
Zithunzi zojambula
Makonde azinyumba komanso nyumba za anthu akuchulukirachulukira kukhala malo okongoletsa komanso omasuka omwe amakhala ngati chipinda china chowerengera, chowerengera kapena chochitira msonkhano. Momwe mungakongoletse makoma pakhonde, aliyense amasankha yekha: chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha momwe angafunire ndikuganizira kuthekera kwawo kwachuma.
