Si nyumba iliyonse yokhala ndi zipinda zingapo yomwe ingaganizidwe kuti ndi yayikulu komanso yabwino. Pokhala momasuka pabanja la anthu angapo, zipindazi ziyenera kukhala zokhazokha komanso zokhazokha. Chofunikira kwambiri pakapangidwe ka chipinda chanyumba zitatu ndikupezeka kwa malo odutsamo. Ngati palibe malo okwanira, situdiyo zimachotsa magawo. Malowa atha kukhala ntchito yomwe ingakonzedwe munyumba zatsopano m'mizinda ikuluikulu monga St. Petersburg, Orel ndi Moscow, ambiri mdera la Moscow. Mawonekedwe apadera amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana - otseguka, osakanikirana, oyandikana. Malingana ndi kusungidwa kwa mawindo, amatha kugawidwa kumapeto, "malaya amkati", okhala ndi mzere.
Masanjidwe osiyanasiyana
Malinga ndi mtundu wa nyumba ndi malo awo, mitundu ingapo yamakina a n-3m amasiyanitsidwa. Kutha kukonza zipinda padera kumadalira chaka chomwe nyumbayo idamangidwa ndi zida zake. Malo oyikapo ma ruble atatu ku Khrushchev ndi ochepa kwambiri. Zipindazi ndizochepa ndipo sizimapezeka bwino. Makoma ofooka komanso chipinda chosambiramo chophatikizira zimasokoneza kutchuka kwa malo okhala. Koma nyumba zina zakale zimadzitamandira ndi maholo akulu, makonde ataliatali ndi masiling'i okwera.
Mu stalinka
Ntchito yomanga nyumba zotere idayamba mzaka za m'ma 50s. Njerwa za nyumba zosanjika zisanu zokhala ndi mamangidwe abwino zidawonedwa ngati nyumba zapamwamba panthawiyo. Iwo anamangidwa mu Union. Amatha kuwoneka ku Minsk, Gomel, Orel, Kharkov, Bobruisk ndi mizinda ina. Makhalidwe apamwamba a stalinka ya zipinda zitatu ndi denga lokwera (3-4 mita), bafa yosiyana, zipinda zapadera.
Dera la nyumbayo limadalira kuchuluka kwa malo ogulitsira mnyumbayi. Makamaka amakhala ndi zipinda zitatu. Zomwe zilipo zimaphatikizapo mawindo azenera, zipinda zosungira. Kulowererana kumatha kukhala konkriti, matabwa kapena kusakaniza. Ubwino wake ndi malo osavuta, makamaka pakatikati pa mizinda ikuluikulu, kutchingira mawu kwabwino.
Ku Khrushchev
Nyumba zoterezi zidamangidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50 mpaka 1980. Munthawi imeneyi, anali akumalizidwa, kusinthidwa. Kapangidwe ka nyumba zanyumba zitatu zoyambirira sikunali bwino kwenikweni. Kudenga kunali kotsika ndipo zipinda zinali zazing'ono kwambiri. Makoma amalo ogulitsira nsanjika zisanu anali osazolowera bwino, zipinda zazinyumba zazitali zinali zoyandikana komanso zokhala ndi malo ochepa.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70, ntchito yomanga nyumba zanyumba za Khrushchev 9 idayamba pansi pa pulogalamu yapadera ya 53 sq.m. Nyumba zopangidwa ndi njerwa ndi mapanelo zidayamba kukonzedwa, kudenga kudafika 2.64 m. Chifukwa chakuchotsa katundu m'zigawo zamkati, zidatheka kukonzanso zipinda zamakona anayi.
Mu Brezhnevka
Zipinda zazitali 3 zipinda zoyesedwa zimawoneka ngati zabwino Khrushchev. Amadziwika ndi mawindo akulu, ziphuphu ndi mezzanines m'khonde kapena pamwamba pa chitseko chamkati. Dera la malo onse kuyambira 48 m2 mpaka 56.2 m2... Ubwino wanyumba zamtunduwu ndizophatikizira madzi osambira bafa, makamaka kapangidwe ka njerwa, komanso kupezeka kwa ma loggias.
Ma brezhnevkas ena ali ndi mapangidwe abwino ndipo asinthidwa. M'nyumba zazitali, khitchini ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Zithunzi zawo zimakhala mpaka 10 m2... Khwalala locheperako limatha kupangidwa kuti likhale logwira ntchito ndikukulitsa kowoneka ndi zovala zomangidwa. Ngati nyumba zitha kuwonjezeka pokhapokha pakukonzanso, zochita zonse ziyenera kugwirizanitsidwa. Mukalandira chilolezo choyenera, mutha kupanga nyumba zapamwamba, zabwino kuchokera ku brezhnevka wakale, kuphatikiza zipinda zingapo.
Pokonzekera kugwetsa makoma mu bafa, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse kuti zinthu zonse zapaipi ziyenera kukhalabe m'malo omwe wopanga mapulaniwo adalemba pazithunzi. Apo ayi, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwamadzi osefukira.
Kapangidwe kazinyumba zamakono
Masanjidwe amakono azinyumba zatsopano monolithic amasiyana kwambiri ndi komwe kuli brezhnevkas kapena Khrushchevs. Kukula mwachangu kwa zomangamanga kwakhudza mtundu wa malo omwe akumangidwa. Zipinda zodutsamo ndizosowa, ndipo nyumba zapakona zimakhala zotchingira kunja. Pali malo okwanira omanga malo osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito mnyumba zingapo, monga 515 / 9ш, 504, 511, 464, 467, ii-18/12.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Makhalidwe ake amatengera mtundu wa nyumbayo. Nyumba zamakono zamakono 100, 135, 103, 119, 1605, 602, 121, 137, ii-49 zitha kuwoneka ngati studio, situdiyo yapadera yokhala ndi gawo limodzi, "vest". Ubwino wa malowa ndi izi:
- Kutonthoza kwakukulu. M'nyumba zambiri, zipinda zodyera sizikhala malire ndi zikepe, zotayira zinyalala;
- Kukonzekera kwaulere m'nyumba zatsopano kumakupatsani mwayi wogawa malo malinga ndi nzika;
- Malo abwino kukhitchini. Palibe chomangiriza chomangokhalira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapanyumba ndi mbaula za gasi;
- Njira zosavuta kukonzanso. Kuchokera m'nyumba yazipinda zitatu mutha kupanga chipinda chazipinda ziwiri popanda mgwirizano ndi BTI;
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo awiri, mawindo a panoramic, khonde-bwalo.
Chosavuta chachikulu pakapangidwe ka 65.4 m'nyumba zamakono ndi masanjidwe osavomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zipinda ngati trapezoid, yokhala ndi ngodya, makoma ozungulira mbali imodzi, zipilala ndi zina. Zovutazo zimaphatikizanso khonde losagwira ntchito komanso losavomerezeka. Chifukwa chakuchuluka kwazitseko zama zipinda zosiyanasiyana, ndizovuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndikuziperekera.
Malo okhala zipinda
Nyumba zomangidwa kuyambira 1992 zitha kuonedwa ngati nyumba zamakono. Dera la ma ruble atatu lawonjezedwa mpaka 60m2. Makonde otakasuka adawoneka, okhala ndi zipinda zingapo, ma loggias osungidwa. Ngati nyumbayi ndi yazing'ono, chipinda chimodzi chimapangidwa ndikudutsa, komwe kumawonjezera malo ake. Nsapato zamagetsi, mapangidwe achi Lithuania kapena nsapato za polka ndizothandiza kwambiri. Chifukwa chokhala ndi malo ogulitsira, zimatheka kukulitsa kolowera. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kupanga chipinda chabwino chazipinda zinayi kuchokera pamakalata osavuta atatu.
Kapangidwe ka nyumba zatsopano mu Leventsovka microdistrict ndizosiyana kwambiri. Situdiyo zaulere zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zabwino kwambiri. Amakulolani kuti muwonetse malingaliro mukamakonzekera, pangani chitonthozo chenicheni muzipinda zazikulu. Kapangidwe kazanyumba zamabizinesi ku Bobruisk kumapereka chiwonetsero chazonse zakukula ndi kukula kwa zipinda zonse.
Kakonzedwe ka zipinda mu nsanja ya Wulykh ndi zina zofananira ndi mndandanda wa ii-68 ama kapena "sitimayo" zimangokhala pakokha. Chifukwa chosowa makoma onyamula katundu, kukonzanso kwathunthu ndikotheka. Vuto la nyumba zotere ndizosiyana pamalo olumikizirana ndi denga.
M'dera nyumba
Nyumba yazipinda zitatu munyumba yatsopano kapena malinga ndi projekiti yaku Czech ndi nyumba yapadera, yodzaza ndi banja limodzi. Malo oyambira 56.2 m2 mpaka 68 m2... Nthawi zina pali zipinda za 75 m2. Nyumba zoterezi zimapezeka mdera la Bratsk Padun, m'mbali mwa Rostov. Zipinda zokhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono zimakhala ndi zingwe zapadera, dera, chishango. Gawo lamagetsi limodzi limayikidwa pakhomo.
Dera la ma ruble atatu limadalira mtundu wa zomangidwa, komanso kuchuluka kwa malo ogulitsira. Ntchito zonse zili ndi khonde, kapena khonde ndi loggia. Pansi poyambirira mwina sipangakhale zosiyana. Nyumba zina zamakono zili ndi khitchini yayikulu yamakilomita 14 ndi mabafa awiri, mwachitsanzo, monga ku Vlasov suburban complex kapena Leventsovka microdistrict.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikuwunika masanjidwe: upangiri wa akatswiri ndi malingaliro
Kukhala bwino ndi mkhalidwe wabanja zimatengera kusankha koyenera musanagule nyumba. Zimatengera mtundu wa nyumba ndi mndandanda wake. Kukonzekera kwa zipinda kumatha kukhala kwamitundu ingapo. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha, ma studio otseguka amapezeka. Mukamayika magawidwe olondola, mutha kupeza nyumba yambirimbiri komanso yabwino yokhala ndi lalikulu lalikulu. Mawaya amagetsi apanyumba ndi gawo lina lama waya amasamutsidwa kukhoma limodzi. Gulu lamagetsi limatengedwa kupita kuchipinda chapadera chotsekedwa pakhomo. Zomangamanga zokhala ndimakona akuthwa kapena akuthwa zitha kuseweredwa ndi mipando yoyenera.
Mukamayang'ana masanjidwewo, makamaka, malo omwe mwapezawo amawaganizira. Bwino ngati ili pansi yachitatu. Kenako samalani malo azipinda, kukula, mawonekedwe. Mfundo zofunika - kuchuluka kwa mawindo, kupezeka kwa loggia, khonde, kukula kwake. Ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi yomweyo makoma omwe amanyamula katunduyo, makulidwe a magawowa. Ndikofunika kuwerengera mtunda kuchokera kukhomo lakumaso kupita pachikepe chonyamula ndi zinyalala.
Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kusanja kwaulere sikutanthauza mwayi wopanda malire wowononga ndikuyika makoma. Magawo onse akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi dongosolo la BTI.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba yazipinda zitatu
Pafupifupi mapangidwe aliwonse ndi oyenera nyumba yayikulu. Dera lalikulu ndi njira yabwino yokhazikitsira malingaliro olimba mtima. Makonzedwe oyenera ayenera kusankhidwa poganizira momwe banja limakhalira. Zitseko zamkati ziyenera kukhala zazitali bwino komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Ayenera kutsegula mosavuta komanso mwakachetechete. M'nyumba zatsopano zamakono, zosankha zosunthira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chilumba kapena chilumba ndi choyenera kukhitchini yayikulu. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kauntala kapamwamba kapena patebulapo. Zipinda zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mipando yaying'ono. Ngati mukufuna, holoyo imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kolowera.
Payenera kukhala malo ogulitsira okwanira ndi zida zonse zoyika magetsi m'chipindacho. Ayenera kukhala osavuta kulumikizana.
Kutsiliza
Mukamasankha kapangidwe ka chipinda chanyumba zitatu, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kalembedwe kamodzi sikangakhale koyenera kupangira zipinda m'mbali ndi nyumba ya njerwa. Chigawo chonse cha nyumba ndichofunikanso kwambiri. Minimalism ndiyabwino pazosanja zochepa komanso zapakatikati; mutha kukonzanso zipindazo mwakufuna kwanu. M'madera akulu, mutha kuyambitsa malingaliro abwino kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito njira zopanda malire, kuyang'ana chithunzi.
