Pansi pa garaja: zosankha zophimba

Garaja ndi chipinda chatsekedwa chopangidwira kupaka magalimoto, kukonza, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha magalimoto ndi njinga zamoto. Pali zosankha zosiyana siyana zophimba pansi mu garaja - zida zamakono zamakono zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha choyenera kwambiri, kutengera momwe zinthu zikugwirira ntchito, dera la chipinda, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto oyikidwamo, komanso kapangidwe ka danga.

NKHANI pansi mu garaja lapansi

Zowonjezera zimayikidwa pansi pamagaraja:

• mphamvu - sayenera kupunduka polemera ngakhale galimoto yayikulu kwambiri, kupirira kugwa kwa zinthu zolemetsa, zida, osawonongeka mukakumana ndi mafuta ndi zinthu zina zofananira;
• kukhazikika - pansi sayenera "kupukuta" podutsa nthawi yonse ya ntchito;
• kukhazikika - zakuthupi zimasankhidwa kotero kuti siziyenera kusinthidwa zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi zilizonse;
• kudalirika - kuwonongeka kwangozi, ngati kuwonekera, kuyenera kuthetsedwa mosavuta popanda ndalama zambiri, nthawi, kuwonongeka kwakukulu pamawonekedwe.

Mitundu yayikulu yophimba - zabwino zawo, zovuta zawo

Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, zachikhalidwe komanso zamakono, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba pansi m'garaji. Nthawi zina palibe kufotokozera motero. Pansi pamachitidwa:

• dothi;
• konkriti, kuphatikizapo utoto;
• matabwa;
• zambiri;
• kuchokera matailosi a ceramic;
• kuchokera kuzinthu zama polymeric;
• kuchokera matailosi ammbali mwa msewu;
• kuchokera ku marble;
• kuchokera ma module a PVC;
• kuchokera matailosi a labala.

Konkire pansi

Konkriti ndi zokutira zachikhalidwe, zowerengera bajeti. Imakhala yolimba ndipo imatha kupirira kulemera kwa magalimoto ngakhale atalemera kwambiri. Pamwamba pa konkriti, chifukwa cha kutentha kwa chisanu, ming'alu imatha kupangika, ndipo zida zolemera zazitsulo zikagwa, ma gouges. Nthawi zambiri sizimabweretsa mavuto kwa oyendetsa galimoto.

Kuchuluka mapangidwe fumbi kukhazikika pa galimoto yokha, onse pamalo yopingasa ndi drawback chachikulu apa. Kuwonongeka kulikonse kwamankhwala kumalowa mu konkriti nthawi yomweyo, ndikupanga banga lonyansa, nthawi zambiri limayambitsa fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limakhala lovuta kuchotsa.

Penti konkire pansi

Konkriti ili ndi zovuta zambiri, zomwe zimathetsedwa ndi zokutira ndi zisindikizo ndi utoto wapadera. Maziko oterewa amawoneka bwino, ndi otsika mtengo, utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta ndi dzanja lako, pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya utsi, burashi yayikulu, ndi roller.

Danga la garaja likapangidwira magalimoto awiri kapena kupitilira apo, malo aliwonse oimikapo magalimoto amagawidwa ndi mzere wolunjika, wopentedwa ndi mtundu wina.

Matabwa pansi

Pansi pake pamapangidwa ndi matabwa achilengedwe - osasamalira bwino zachilengedwe, samadzikundikira fumbi, samatulutsa zinthu zoyipa. Kuphimba pansi ndi matabwa ndiotsika mtengo, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamtengo wapatali.

Mitundu yolimba ndiyabwino kwambiri:

• mtengo;
• larch;
• phulusa;
• beech;
• mapulo.

Kuti pansi pasapunduke, amapangidwa ndi matabwa owuma kwambiri omwe alibe mapangidwe, ming'alu, kupindika. Zinthu zakuthupi zimatengedwa ndi malire ochepa - mpaka 10-15%. Chosavuta chachikulu cha malo oterewa ndi chofooka. Mabungwe owonongeka amayenera kusinthidwa ndi atsopano zaka zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pofuna kuonjezera moyo wawo wautumiki zaka zingapo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, antifungal, zopangira moto, varnishi, utoto.

Kukonza nkhuni komwe kumapangidwa kulikonse kumachitika musanayaluke, chovalacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito magawo awiri kapena atatu.

Self-kukhazikika pansi

Zodzikongoletsera zokha ndi konkriti, "yokongoletsedwa" ndi nyimbo zamakono. Zosakanizazi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri - kuchokera ku hardener ndi ma polima resin. Pansi pake pamapangidwa ndi makulidwe osachepera 6-10 mm, amakhala ofanana kwambiri, osagwedezeka. Simaopa chisanu choopsa kwambiri komanso kuwomba kuchokera kuzinthu zolemera.

Pansi pokha pokha kapena poliyesitala siyothandiza kwambiri, komanso imawoneka yokongola, popeza ilibe seams. Amapangidwa a matte kapena owala, opaka utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa zosankha za monochromatic, zokutira ndi mitundu yosavuta kapena yovuta, zojambula za 3D ndizotchuka. Njira yotsirizayi ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Pansi ndi matailosi a ceramic

Ndikololedwa kukongoletsa garaja ndi matailosi apansi a ceramic. Amasankhidwa mwamphamvu momwe angathere, apamwamba kwambiri, oyikidwa pamiyala ya konkriti. Ndi tile iti yomwe ili yoyenera:

• miyala yamapangidwe opangidwa ndi dongo - yopangidwa ndi dongo lokhala ndi miyala yamiyala kapena tchipisi cha ma marble, zina zochepa zowonjezera. Potengera mphamvu, kuzizira kwa chisanu, kukana mankhwala, zinthuzo sizotsika mwala wachilengedwe;
• matailosi ophatikizika ndi zinthu za ceramic zomwe zimawotchedwa kutentha kwambiri. Zinthuzo ndizosagwedezeka, zosagwira chisanu, sizingang'ambike;
• matailosi apansi ogwiritsira ntchito panja - oyenera kuyikidwa mkati mwa garaja, amakhala osazizira, osasunthika.

Pofuna kupewa kuvulala pakagwa mwangozi, ndibwino kugula matayala okhala ndi zotsatira zosagwedezeka - zopangidwa.

Pansi panthaka

Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri pansi pa garaja ndiyopanga ndi dothi. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulibe nthawi kapena mwayi woikonzekeretsa mosiyana. Sikoyenera kuphimba pansi ndi chilichonse, koma pamafunika kuchotsa zinyalala zonse zomanga, kuchotsa malo achonde (iyi ndi 15-50 cm) kuti tizilombo tisachuluke, ndipo kununkhira kwa zinthu zowola sikuwoneka. Nthaka "yoyera" imagwiridwa mosamala, ndikuwonjezera miyala, miyala yosweka, dongo losanjikiza.

Pansi pake amapangidwa mwachangu, pafupifupi kwaulere, koma amapangira fumbi lambiri. Pamwamba palokha pamakhala pozizira kwambiri, pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, dothi limayenera kuthiridwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo nyengo yamvula padzakhala dothi komanso slush pano.

Polima pansi

Pansi pophimbidwa ndi ma polima amawoneka okongoletsa, samakhala ndi fumbi lochuluka, ali ndi yunifolomu, ngakhale pamwamba, ndipo akagwiritsa ntchito mosamala amatha zaka zoposa 40-50.

Ubwino wake wina:

• yaing'ono makulidwe;
• kukaniza kugwedera;
• kutchinjiriza kwabwino;
• zabwino kwambiri zothetsera madzi;
• kukana mankhwala;
• kusamalira kosavuta (kutsuka ndi madzi);
• kukana chisanu, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi chinyezi;
• chitetezo chamoto.

Pali zovuta ziwiri zokha apa: sizingatheke kupanga zokutira zoterezi, ndipo kuti muzikonze, muyenera kusankha mosamala mthunzi woyenera.

Zolemba pansi polima ndi:

• polyurethane;
• "Galasi lamadzi" kapena epoxy;
• methyl methacrylate;
• simenti akiliriki.

Kutengera matabwa a paving

Ma slabs okutira amitundu ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amawoneka bwino m'garaja ndi madera ozungulira. Siyoyenda bwino, chifukwa chake chiwopsezo chovulala sichachepa pano. Malo oterewa amasesa ndi tsache, osambitsidwa ndi madzi. Imalephera kuwononga mafuta, mafuta ena ndi mafuta. Kukula kwa matailosi ndi pafupifupi masentimita eyiti, mtengo wake ndiokwera mtengo, kukula kwake ndi mitundu yake ndi pafupifupi iliyonse. Pazoyika izi, palibe chidziwitso chapadera kapena luso lomwe limafunikira. Ngati ma polima amapezeka, chovalacho chimakhala cholimba ngati chinyezi momwe zingathere.

Kuti muwone momwe matailosiwo alili abwino, tengani zinthu ziwiri, zipukutseni pang'ono. Ngati ziwalozo zakanda nthawi yomweyo, fumbi la simenti limapangidwa, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito zinthu zotere, koma yang'anani yabwinoko.

Chophimba pansi

Zipangidwazo zimapangidwa ndi mphira wosakanikirana ndi zomatira, zida zosinthira, utoto. Chogulitsacho sichipunduka polemera galimoto, chimatuluka cholimba, choyenera garaja.

Ubwino:

• kukaniza kukhudzidwa;
• kukhazikika, kukhazikika;
• chovalacho sichimadzikundikira, chifukwa "chimapuma";
• chitetezo chamoto;
• kusamalira zachilengedwe;
• kutulutsa mawu kwambiri;
• Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri.

Zoyipa zimaphatikizaponso zovuta zazikulu zakukonza, zomwe ndibwino kufunsa katswiri.

Kupaka mphira kumapangidwa motere:

• matailosi modular - mitundu yamitundu yambiri imayikidwapo, popeza mtundu wa mitundu, zosankha zamitundu zimaperekedwa zosiyanasiyana. Sikovuta kukonza pansi, koma zinthuzo zimagulidwa ndi malire a pafupifupi 10%;
• makalipeti - olimba kapena apakompyuta. Zogulitsa ndizosavuta kuyeretsa pansi pamadzi, ndikololedwa kuyika patsogolo pakhomo;
• masikono - opangidwa ndi chingwe cholimbitsa ndi makulidwe a 3-10 mm kapena kupitilira apo. Zinthuzo ndizolimba, zimapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma zimatha msanga ngati zingakhazikike bwino, kupezeka kwa malo osalimba bwino. Kukonza kwake ndiokwera mtengo komanso kotopetsa anthu ogwira ntchito;
• mphira wamadzi - wogulitsidwa ngati osakaniza owuma kapena okonzeka kudzaza. Mwa mawonekedwe omalizidwa, ndi osanjikiza, coating kuyanika kwathunthu. Amatumikira kwa nthawi yayitali, koma amakhala wosakhazikika pakudzidzimutsa.

Pansi pa PVC pansi

Polyvinyl chloride ndi imodzi mwazinthu zamakono kwambiri zomwe zimagulitsidwa ngati ma module azithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amasiyana mphamvu, kukana mankhwala, kukana chisanu. PVC - zokutira sizoterera, ngakhale madzi atatayika (mwachitsanzo, mukamatsuka galimoto), zakumwa zina. Polyvinyl mankhwala enaake mwangwiro zimatenga kugwedera, kugonjetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi, kuchuluka nkhawa.

Ma mbale a PVC ndiosavuta kuyika, chifukwa magawo onse amakhala ndi zotsekera, zokhazikitsidwa popanda guluu, ngati wopanga. Ngati ndi kotheka, pansi pamatha kusasulidwa mosavuta, kusokonezedwa ndi zigawo zina kuti asonkhane pamalo ena.

Momwe mungakonzekerere malo anu omaliza

Kukonzekera kumaliza, ndiye kuti, zokutira ndi utoto, matabwa, matailosi a ceramic, ma polima, ndi zina zambiri ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga pansi. Powerengera kapangidwe kake, ndikofunikira kulingalira za kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe kudzakhale pamtunda. Popeza garaja nthawi zambiri imayimirira pansi, kuyenda kwa omalizira kuyenera kukhala kocheperako, madzi apansi panthaka ayenera kukhala ochokera mita inayi.

Magawo akulu a chilengedwe:

• polojekiti yonse;
• chodetsa mulingo woyenera pansi;
• makonzedwe a dzenje lowonera kapena chapansi;
• kupondaponda, kutsetsereka pansi;
• kupanga khushoni kuchokera ku zinyalala, mchenga, konkire;
• hydro ndi matenthedwe kutchinjiriza;
• kulimbitsa, kukhazikitsa "ma beacons";
• screed;
• chikhotho.

Galaji ya DIY pansi

Pansi "povutirapo" m'garaja imagwiridwa panthawi yoyamba kumangidwe kwa nyumbayo, koma pambuyo pomanga makoma. Kutsiriza - pambuyo pake, pamene makoma onse ndi kudenga kwakongoletsedwa kale, pali denga lokwanira. "Keke" yopangidwa bwino imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo: m'munsi, zofunda, kumatira, kutchinjiriza kwa matenthedwe, simenti screed, interlayer, kumaliza zokutira.

Kukutira koyenera ndikofunikira kuti katundu panthaka akhale wofanana. Makulidwe ake ndi masentimita sikisi mpaka eyiti, zinthuzo ndi mchenga, miyala, miyala yosweka. Screed imatulutsa pamwamba "povutirapo", makulidwe ake ndi pafupifupi 40-50 mm, ngati pali mapaipi ndi kulumikizana kwina pansi, wosanjikiza pamwamba pake ayenera kukhala osachepera 25 mm. Mchenga, konkire, phula, matope a simenti, njira zingapo zotchingira matenthedwe, zida zotsekera madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholowera. Kutalika kwa gawo ili ndi 10-60 mm. Kenako pitilizani kumaliza ndi chilichonse chomwe mwasankha.

Njira Zoyikira, konkire pansi kutsanulira ukadaulo

Choyamba, maziko a screed amakonzedwa, omwe ndi wosanjikiza mosamalitsa, opitilira 15-20 cm wakuda, wopangidwa ndi miyala kapena mchenga. Pambuyo pake, kumatira kumapangidwa ndi polyethylene wandiweyani, zotengera padenga. Mphepete mwa zinthu zotchingira ziyenera "kupita" pang'ono pamakoma. Chotsatira, kusanjikiza kwa 6-12 cm kumayikidwa (ngati akuganiza kuti garajayo itenthedwa) yopangidwa ndi polystyrene yowonjezera, chinthu china chofanana. Kulimba kwa konkriti kumakwaniritsidwa mothandizidwa ndi ma waya olimbitsa zitsulo, omwe amalimbitsa kwambiri kapangidwe kake, kuti asamang'ambike.

Gawo lotsatira ndikukonzekera kusakaniza kutsanulira. Izi zidzafunika gawo limodzi la simenti ndi magawo atatu kapena asanu amchenga, kuchuluka kwake kumatengera mtundu wake. Ndikololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi fakitale zopangidwa ndi fiberglass, ma plasticizers. Podzisakaniza nokha yankho, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza apadera.

Malo otsetsereka ovomerezeka saposa magawo awiri (mpaka masentimita awiri pa mita imodzi kutalika), pomwe malo otsikitsitsa amapezeka pa kabati kapena pachipata. Mipata yolipirira imapangidwa pamakoma, zipilala ndi mbali zina zotuluka, izi ndizofunikira makamaka muzipinda zazikulu zamagaraja (zopitilira 40-60 sq. M.). Mipata imapangidwa panthawi ya screed, pogwiritsa ntchito tepi yokulitsa kapena mbiri.

Asanayambe kuthira, zolemba zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zomwe zimayikidwa pansi. Amalemba kutalika kwa screed yomwe akufuna, pogwiritsa ntchito mulingo womanga. Njira yothetsera theka-yamadzimadzi yomwe idakonzedwa imatsanulidwa pamunsi, ndikugawa mozungulira dera lonselo.

Ntchitoyi yachitika mwachangu kwambiri mpaka mawonekedwewo atazizira - nthawi imodzi. Makulidwe apakatikati ndi 35-75 mm, pakuyika kutenthetsa pansi - pang'ono pang'ono. Kuumitsa kwathunthu kumachitika m'masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri, kuti tipewe kubowoleza, screed imakonzedwa maola aliwonse a 9-11. Ngati zida zodziyesera zokha zinagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi yake yochiritsa nthawi zambiri imakhala mkati mwa maola 20-30.

Pansi pa konkriti nthawi zambiri amakhala mchenga, koma osati wochuluka - pamwamba pake amasiyidwa pang'ono pang'ono, kuti agwire bwino matayala amgalimoto.

Kuyala pansi pamatabwa ndi kutchinjiriza

Ngati aganiza zopanga galasi pansi pamatabwa, maziko ake amakonzedwa koyamba - kusonkhanitsa zinyalala, screed, khushoni yamchenga ndi miyala, kugwiritsa ntchito matope oyeserera, kutchinjiriza ndi ecowool. Pomwe amayenera kukhazikitsa maziko opangidwa ndi konkriti, njerwa, m'pofunika kuganizira ndendende pomwe makinawo adzaimirire - mtunda wapakati pazithunzizo ulibe mita. Palibe zogwirizira zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa konkriti, koma mitengo imayikidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Mukakhazikitsa pansi pamtengo, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo awa:

• matabwa onse, asanaikidwe, amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala oteteza omwe amateteza nkhungu, kuwola, moto, ndi zina zambiri;
• zipika ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosadukiza, mozungulira njira yolowera m'galimoto;
• mipata yowonjezerapo yatsala pakati pa thabwa ndi khoma. M'lifupi mwake ndi theka ndi theka masentimita awiri, kuti matabwa asapunduke ndikusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa chinyezi cha mpweya;
• mpata wa masentimita atatu kapena anayi wapangidwa pakati pa khoma ndi zotsalira;
• matabwa apansi amakonzedwa motsatira kayendedwe ka galimoto mu garaja;
• matabwa omwe adzaikidwe ayenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chosaposa 10-12%;
• Malo omwe ali pansi pa sitimayo ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira.

Kodi kuyika kumachitika bwanji?

• sitepe yoyamba ndi chithandizo cha mitengo ndi matabwa okhala ndi zida zotetezera, kuyanika kwathunthu panja, padzuwa;
• ndiye zakudengazo zimadulidwa ndikudulidwa, kumangirizidwa kumapeto kwa matabwa, kutsalira, malo olumikizana molunjika ndi konkriti;
• nkhuni zimayikidwa m'mphepete mwa mchenga, zimayikidwa pazogwirizira kuchokera ku bar yomwe ili m'mbali mwa makoma, yolumikizidwa ndi tepi yamakulidwe;
• malo opanda kanthu okutidwa ndi mchenga, tamped, mosamala leve;
• pansi pake pamayikidwa pazinyalala ndikukhomeredwa pansi - izi ziyenera kuchitika kuchokera m'mbali mwa dzenje loyendera mpaka pamakoma a garaja;
• ngati kuli kotheka, matabwa onse adatumizidwa - ndibwino kuti ntchitoyi igwire ntchito yopumira, magalasi opumira;
• matabwa omwe aikidwa kumene amawotchera kapena kupentedwa kuti ateteze nkhuni ku zinthu zakunja.

Pansi penti kapena varnished sayenera kukhala yoterera kwambiri.

Kusankha, kuyika matailosi a ceramic ndi manja anu

Asanayambe ntchito, tsinde limakonzedwa, pambuyo pake matailosi amaikidwa, zimfundo zimakulungidwa, ndikuphimba kotetezedwa. Ndondomeko yoikidwirayo imachitika pakalibe zojambula, osagwiritsa ntchito zida zilizonse zotenthetsera, kutentha kwa + 12 ... + 23 madigiri. Ndizosavomerezeka kupulumutsa pazinthu - matailosi wamba, omwe amamveka bwino kukhitchini, kubafa, amathyola pansi pa mawilo amgalimotomo, ndikubwera nyengo yozizira imakhala pachiwopsezo chokhazikika pakonkriti.

Zipangizo ndi zida zotsatirazi zidzafunika:

• zomatira zamatalala zosazizira;
• choyambira cholowera kwambiri;
• notched trowel;
• mphira spatula;
• mulingo womanga;
• matabwa a ceramic - amatengedwa ndi malire a pafupifupi 10-12%;
• mitanda yapulasitiki yapadera yopanga ngakhale seams;
• acrylic sealant kapena grout.

Pansi pazoyikapo matailosi amapangidwa ngakhale momwe zingathere, popanda ziphuphu, zopindika, ming'alu. Kukhazikika kwa zolakwika zazikulu kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi matope a simenti, tepi yolipirira isanatungidwe mozungulira makomawo, kenako amawongolera.

Matailowo amaikidwa pambuyo poti malowedwe akuya agwiritsidwe - amagwiritsidwa ntchito magawo awiri kapena atatu. Nthaka ikauma, mzere woyamba wa matailosi uyikidwa. Izi zitha kuchitika kudutsa, motsatira, kapena mozungulira kudera la garaja. Gululi limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chopondera pamalo ocheperako, kenako pamwamba pa matailosi, gawo lililonse limayikidwa, mopanikizika pang'ono, nthawi ndi nthawi kuyang'ana (ndikololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito laser kapena kungokoka ulusi pansi). Kuti mukwaniritse bwino zokutira, mzere uliwonse watsopano umayikidwa ndi cholowa kotero kuti pakati pa tile imagwera olumikizana nawo mzere wapitawo. Kuyanjana ndi zomatira m'mbali mwa "kutsogolo" kwa malowa sikulandirika, koma ngati izi zichitika, pamwamba pake amafufutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza yankho lisanaume.

Gawo lomaliza likuwombera. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala opangira ma polima amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe sagwirizana ndi chinyezi komanso mankhwala. Asanayambe grout, guluu ayenera kukhala wouma kwa masiku atatu. Kusakaniza kwa grout kumadzipukutidwa, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphira spatula kumalumikizidwe. Zinthuzo zimauma kwa mphindi 40 - panthawiyi, grout yonse yochulukirapo iyenera kuchotsedwa. Zitenga maola 48 kuchiza. Sikoyenera kuthira zokutira, koma zimapangitsa kuti matailowo asasunthike ngati chinthu cholemera chagwera pamenepo.

Kutsiliza

Magalimoto ambiri, njinga zamoto, ndi zida zina zofananira "zimagona usiku" komanso m'nyengo yozizira mu garaja, chifukwa pansi pake imapangidwa mwamphamvu momwe zingathere, makamaka ngati galimoto ili yayikulu. Kupanga kumaliza koyenera ndi manja anu kuli m'manja mwa aliyense amene ali ndi zida zoyenera, zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Pakapangidwe ka malo akulu, magaraja angapo, akatswiri omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira nthawi zambiri amayitanidwa.