Chipilala kukhitchini m'malo mwa zitseko

Chipilala ndi kamangidwe kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati denga lotsegulira pakhoma kapena pakati pazogwirizira ziwiri. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga kuyambira zaka za zana lachitatu BC. Ngakhale Aroma akale, pomanga viaducts, ngalande, milatho ndi zina, adapanga zomangamanga mozungulira. Pambuyo pake adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zachifumu ndi nyumba zachifumu. Pachimake pa kutchuka kumakhala pa Middle Ages. Pakadali pano, kalembedwe ka Gothic kanayamba kutchuka, zomwe ndizovuta kulingalira popanda zipilala zosongoka. Zipinda zamakono zimakongoletsedwanso ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ngakhale zimakhalabe chizindikiro cha kalembedwe kakale. Kutengera malamulo ena ndi kulingalira mozama pa mapangidwe ake, mabwalo amatha kukhala ndi zida zanyumba zokongoletsedwa kalembedwe kamakono.

Makhalidwe a kukhitchini ndi chipilala

Kakhitchini ndi chipinda chapadera m'nyumba iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri, ndipamene abale onse amasonkhana pambuyo pa tsiku lovuta kapena abwenzi amabwera kudzakambirana za kapu ya tiyi. Sizosadabwitsa kuti chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa pakupanga kwamakhitchini amakono. Monga lamulo, zipinda zoyandikana ndi khitchini ndi khonde, chipinda cholowera kapena pabalaza. Mutha kuphatikiza zipinda ziwirizi pogwiritsa ntchito chipilala.

Ndikofunikira kufunsa akatswiri omanga asanayambe ntchito yomanga, chifukwa si chipinda chilichonse chomwe chimatha kukhazikitsa zipilala. Ngati khomo lakakhitchini likukula, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri sipakhala kulimbikitsidwa kapena kupeza ziphaso zomangira.

Komabe, ngati chipilalacho chikukonzedwa pakhoma lokhala ndi katundu, ndiye kuti kuwerengera kwamphamvu kwa nyumbayo kuyenera kupangidwa ndipo ntchito yokonzanso iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, yomwe iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mabungwe aboma.

Ubwino ndi zovuta zazitsulo

Kugwiritsa ntchito zipilala ngati gawo la kapangidwe kakhitchini kuli ndi zabwino zambiri, koma choyambirira chimakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa chipinda ndikuchiyesa chachikulu. Zotsatira izi sizingatheke mukakhazikitsa zitseko zapamwamba zomwe zimasiyanitsa khitchini. Kuphatikiza apo, yankho lotere nthawi zambiri limapindulitsa pachuma, chifukwa zitseko zamkati zamkati zokhala ndi zovekera zakunja ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kukhazikitsa kwa njira yolowera kumakupatsani mwayi wopangitsa nyumbayo kukhala yowala, chifukwa kuwala kwa dzuwa, ngati kutentha, kumagawidwa pakati pa zipinda.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kotseguka mkati mwake kumakhalanso ndi zovuta zake:

• mamangidwe otere samapereka kutchinjiriza kwa mawu, chifukwa chake phokoso lochokera pakagwiritsidwe ka zida zakhitchini lidzafalikira kudzera muzipinda zoyandikana;
• ngati phokoso, fungo losasangalatsa limatha kufalikira mnyumbayo;
• Mukamapanga malo otseguka, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi ukhondo, chifukwa nyansi zochepa zitha kuwona alendo.

Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe

Okonza zamakono amapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana pakukongoletsa njira ya arched, ndipo zida zamakono zimakulolani kuti mugwire pafupifupi ntchito iliyonse. Mitundu yayikulu yamabwalo, kutengera mtundu wa kuphedwa kwawo, imaperekedwa patebulo pansipa.

Mtundu wa Arches

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kutseguka kwa arched kumatha kukhala chinthu chamkati osati chokongoletsera chamkati mwachikale, komanso chamakono. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kutsegula kwa arched mkatikati mwa khitchini, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zipinda zoyandikana nazo zimapangidwanso chimodzimodzi. Kukula kwa malo otsegulira, lamuloli ndilofunika kwambiri. Mtundu wa arch ukhoza kutsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe ake, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zina zomalizira ndi zokongoletsa.

Mwachitsanzo, mukakongoletsa khitchini mumachitidwe achikale, achikondi kapena Provencal, timizere tating'onoting'ono kapena ma ellipsoidal amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha kukongoletsedwa ndi chimanga kapena kuwumba. Mitundu yapakale yamakoma imasankhidwa kukhitchini komanso chipinda choyandikana nacho. Mukakongoletsa khitchini yapamwamba, mutha kukongoletsa chipilalacho ndi njerwa kapena matailosi omwe amatsanzira. Ndondomeko yamagetsi imasakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kotero mawonekedwe aliwonse amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtundu wa makomawo umatha kukhala wosiyana kwambiri: kuchokera kubuluu lakumwamba mpaka kufiyira kofiira.

Kukula

Kukula kwa kutseguka kwa arched kumatsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe amakonzedwe a khitchini ndi chipinda choyandikana. Chifukwa chake, ngati khitchini imadutsa kolowera, kutsegulira kumakhala kocheperako komanso lokwera. Zosankha zina zitha kukhala zosintha mukakhitchini kupita kuchipinda chodyera kapena pakhonde. Ngati zipinda ziwirizi zikulekanitsidwa ndi khoma lopanda, ndiye kuti chipangizocho chimatha kupangidwa pafupifupi kukula kwa khoma. Kutalika nthawi zonse kumakhala kochepa ndi kutalika kwa kudenga kwanyumba. Ndi mulingo wokwanira wa 2500 mm, arch ikulimbikitsidwa.

Mukamapanga kapangidwe kake, nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunikira kuwonetsa kukula kwa kapangidwe kake: kutalika, m'lifupi ndi kuya kwake mamilimita. Ngati kuya kwa chipilalacho kuli kocheperako kukula kwa makomawo, ndiye kuti amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito laminated hardboard muutoto wamakoma kapena chimanga chokongoletsera.

Zida zopangira mabango

Zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi zowuma. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito, ndizotheka kupanga kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe aliwonse, pomwe mtengo wazinthuzo ndiotsika mtengo kwa makasitomala ambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zowuma, ndizotheka kukweza zowoneka bwino ndikukonzekera ma niches ndi mashelufu. Ubwino wowonjezeranso ndikotheka kumaliza ndi chilichonse.
Mitengo yamatabwa yachilengedwe imakonda kwambiri. Zinthu zamatabwa ndizolimba, zolimba ndipo zitha kuthandizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe kamatabwa kokhala ndi zojambula zopangidwa ndi manja atha kukhala "owunikira" mkatimo, koma mtengo uyeneranso kukhala woyenera.

Njerwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zipilala. Popeza kuvuta kwa ntchitoyi komanso mawonekedwe ake, ndizovuta kupeza mawonekedwe achilendo mothandizidwa nawo. Njerwa imatha kukongoletsedwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomalizira, kapena imatha kusiyidwa, malinga ngati kalembedwe ka loft kagwiritsidwe.

Zosazolowereka, koma zovomerezeka popanga mabango ndi pulasitiki, thovu, kulipira ndi zinthu zina.

Chipilala ngati gawo lokonza malo

Mothandizidwa ndi arch, mutha kukwaniritsa kugawa kakhitchini m'magawo. Choyamba, mutha kusiyanitsa khitchini ndi malo odyera. Izi zitha kuchitika mwakukulitsa cholumikizira chitseko ndikuchiyika m'malo mwake. Polekanitsa khitchini, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kowala kukhitchini, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomaliza zapansi ndi makoma kukhitchini ndi pabalaza. Ndikotheka kuyika khitchini "podium" pokweza pansi sitepe imodzi. Koma iyi si njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli.

Mothandizidwa ndi arch, ndikosavuta kulekanitsa malo ogwira ntchito. Ngati malowa ali pafupi ndi khoma, ndiye kuti chipikacho chiziphatikizidwa kukhoma ndi kudenga. Ngati malo ogwirira ntchito ali pachilumba cha khitchini, ndiye kuti nyumbayo idakwera padenga ndipo imakhala ndi kuyatsa kwakanthawi. Zojambula zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khitchini ilola.

Arch kukhitchini ya Khrushchev

Eni ake a nyumba zotchedwa Khrushchev nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto la khitchini yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe ili ndi 5-6 mita mita. Kudenga m'zipindazi ndi kotsika ndipo mawindo ndi ang'ono. Malo ocheperako khitchini, amayesetsa kuchitapo kanthu kuti apange magwiridwe antchito ndikuwonjeza dera lake. Poterepa, kuchotsa chitseko pakati pa khitchini ndi khonde ndi arched dongosolo kumatha kukupulumutsirani. Kakhitchini yotere, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo, komwe kumawonekera kukula kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, khonde limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupezera zida zazikulu zapakhomo monga firiji, chotsukira mbale kapena chitofu. Mwa kusintha mawindo a khonde ndi windows panoramic ndikuyika tebulo pafupi nawo, mutha kupanga malo odyera owala bwino oyang'ana msewu. Yankho ili lisintha chipinda chamdima komanso chaching'ono cha Khrushchev kukhala studio yamakono.

Chipinda cha studio

Monga lamulo, khitchini m'nyumba zatsopano zimaphatikizidwa ndi holo. Nyumba zokhala ndi malowa nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa studio apartments. Situdiyo zimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zabwino zonse za zomangira. M'chipinda chachikulu, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mabwalo pafupifupi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Monga lamulo, kapangidwe kakhitchini kokhala ndi chipilala kamachitika kale. Mabotolo osakanikirana nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kulekanitsa malo ogwirira ntchito kukhitchini mothandizidwa nawo. Amaloledwa kukonza mashelufu m'malo osungira ziwiya zakhitchini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito moyenera chipinda chogona.

Makamaka m'makhitchini a studio ayenera kulipidwa kwa hood wapamwamba kwambiri. Fungo lophika limafalikira mwachangu kuchipinda chapafupi, chomwe chingasokoneze alendo kapena abale. Mwamwayi, ma hood amakono amakono amathetsa vutoli.

Kapangidwe ka maboma kukhitchini yayikulu

Makhitchini akulu m'nyumba za anthu amayimira gawo lalikulu la mayankho achilendo. Pafupifupi chipinda chilichonse chotere, mabwalo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yokonzera chipinda. Khitchini yayikulu imakupatsani mwayi wophatikiza kutseguka kwa arched ndi kapamwamba ka bar. Njirayi yawonekera posachedwa, koma yatchuka msanga. Kuti akonzekeretsere bala, amagwiritsira ntchito chipilala chozama, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosakanikirana. Kumtunda kwake, ophatikizira magalasi ndi zida zama bar zimaphatikizidwa. Poterepa, kuyatsa kwamalo kumakwezedwa pamwamba. Mashelufu ndi ziphuphu zosungira mabotolo amathanso kukhazikitsidwa. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa posankha zomaliza, chifukwa cholembera cha bar sichikulolani kuti muwonjezere magwiridwe antchito mchipindacho, koma nthawi zambiri chimakhala chinthu chodzikongoletsera.

Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zipilala ndizotheka m'makhitchini ang'onoang'ono komanso muzipinda zazikulu. Izi zimatha kusintha mkati mwa khitchini ndikugogomezera kapangidwe kake. Iyi ndi njira yotsika mtengo, yosavuta kuyigwiritsa ntchito, koma nthawi yomweyo yothandiza komanso yothandiza.

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