Matabwa, miyala, njerwa, dongo ndi zida zachikhalidwe zomangira nyumba zogona. Atasamuka kunja kupita mkati, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito yokongoletsa mkati. Tithokoze pakupanga kwamatekinoloje omwe amapanga mitundu yonse ya mithunzi, makulidwe ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsera, mwala wokumba mkatimo wakhala njira yokometsera okongoletsa, ndipo zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana zakhala zomveka mwamphamvu zomwe zimapangitsa malo okhala munthu aliyense payekha. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa analogue yokumba mwala wachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti zisunge mkati mwa nyumbayi mumayendedwe osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kalembedwe ka Ufumu, monga kutsanzira Chigiriki chakale, mpaka kusiyanasiyana kulikonse kwa minimalism amakono.
Mitundu yamiyala yokumba
Malinga ndi ntchito zomwe zikufunika kuthetsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kumaliza kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi miyala, mitundu iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
| Mtundu wamwala | Amapanga jekeseni akamaumba | Konkire yokumba | Gypsum yopanga |
| Dzina | Akiliriki gulu zakuthupi Ponyani nsangalabwi | Njerwa Mwala wamtchire Mwala wamwala, mwala wamwala | Pulasitala |
| Malo ogwiritsira ntchito | Malo ogulitsira khitchini Zomwe zimapangidwira malo osambira Mashelufu amoto Zenera zenera Makomo oyatsira moto Kutonthoza Malo opingasa matebulo odyera, matebulo oyandikana ndi bedi, zifuwa za otungira, matebulo a khofi | Makomo oyatsira moto Mbali zoyandama za chimney cha mkati Malo olowera kukhoma (pang'ono kapena kwathunthu) Kukongoletsa zipilala, zipata zolowera Miyala yolembetsedwa yama volumetric | Zinthu zomalizira kalembedwe kazakale Mizati Galteli Mitu yayikulu Mapiko Denga rosettes Zoyimira pakhoma Zithunzi zapanyumba |
Zinthu zomwe zimabweretsa phindu
Mosiyana ndi miyala yachilengedwe, mawonekedwe ake opangira ali ndi maubwino ena:
- Imalemera pang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi nyumba zopepuka;
- Amafuna kutsika pang'ono kwa guluu;
- Masikono osiyanasiyana ndi phale la tint amaperekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusankha zosankha pazomwe mukufuna.
Mukamaliza kumaliza ndi miyala yokumba, grout imakhala chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhala ndi ntchito ina yokongoletsera. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa utoto, itha:
- sungani mawu akulu;
- kukhala opepuka kuposa mawu akulu;
- kukhala wakuda kuposa kamvekedwe kake.
Kutalika kwa cholumikizira chodzazidwa ndi grout kumatsimikizika molingana ndi kukula kwa zidutswa zamiyala ndipo zimasiyanasiyana 3 mpaka 15 mm.
Njira yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakafunika kupanga zomangamanga kumbuyo kwa mkati. Lachiwiri ndiloti gulu lokongoletsera limapangidwa ndi zidutswa zamiyala yokumba, yomwe ili pakatikati pa chipinda.
Njira yachitatu ndi magawo opsinjika omwe amachepetsa zidutswazo mozama. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngati mwala "wamtchire" kuwunikira zomangamanga, kutsimikizira kupangika kwamwala.
Zokongoletsa mwala mkati
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamitundu yamiyala yokumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mosiyanasiyana nyumbayo. Mwala wokongoletsa wa konkriti m'chipinda chochezera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa khoma, malo akulu ofukula. Kukula kwa malo omanga, kukula kwa zidutswa zamiyala, kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri pamapeto pake.
Zitseko zamoto ndi chimney zanyumba zazinyumba, zokongoletsedwa motsanzira buta, kusiya kuwala kwachiwiri mpaka pamatabwa, zimawoneka ngati mbambande yomalizidwa. Ndipo kuwaza kosowa kwa mikwingwirima yamiyala pakhoma lapakati pa chipinda chochezera ndi ntchito ya wokonda masewera.
Mafashoni otseguka otsegulidwa ndi zidutswa zazing'ono za njerwa ndi chinthu chakale. Masiku ano, kutsatira kalembedwe kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yayikulu yokumba.
Mwala wokongoletsera mkatikati, womwe umagwira kalembedwe ka rustic, umapezeka mu zokongoletsa zazing'ono zazing'ono: zipilala, m'munsi mwa bala, chilumba cha khitchini. Zomangamanga zachikale zimawoneka zodabwitsa, zipilalazo zimakongoletsedwa ndi matabwa omata ngati matabwa, kutulutsa kwa chisokonezo chachilengedwe chamwala wamtchire.
Komabe, munthu sayenera kuiwala kuti ngakhale chisokonezo chimatsatira malamulo ogwirizana. Chifukwa chake, musanachite ntchitoyi, m'pofunika kupanga sewero, kuyika mwalawo pamwamba ndikusunthira molondola ku chinthu kuti chikongoletsedwe.
Ngati mungakonze mkatikati mwa nyumba yofananira, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kukwezeka ndi malo opangira mafakitole akale omwe amasandulika nyumba. Makoma osanjidwa a njerwa ndiwo cholowa cha opanga omwe adasunga zokongoletsa zamkati, zomwe zakhala "chizindikiro" cha kalembedwe kameneka. Pamwamba pake pamafunika njerwa zofiira "zakalamba" kapena kutsanzira miyala pamakoma onse ampata waukulu.
Khwalala: "zaka zamapanga" kapena zamakono
Mkati mwa chipinda chino, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wokongoletsera mkatikati mukakongoletsa makoma, kuyala imodzi kapena zingapo ndi iyo, kapena, kukongoletsa malo akulu olowera, ikani miyala yoyimilira yaulere, miyala yamiyala yamiyala yomwe imathandizira mtundu wa ethno kapena minimalism.
Njira ina yosangalatsa, koma yotenga nthawi yokongoletsa pakhonde, ndi chida m'munsi mwa misewu yosaya ndi nyali zomangidwa. Misewuyi imadzazidwa ndi "miyala" yochita kupanga, kapena kuyikapo mwala wokongoletsa ngati mwala wamiyala kapena panjira.
Kutha kumapeto kwa pansi, mayendedwe amatsekedwa ndi magalasi otenthedwa, omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza masitepe a magalasi, ndipo "zenera" lowonekera limapangidwa ndi chimango chachitsulo. Kuwala komwe kumabwera kuchokera pansi panjira yapaulendo kumapangitsa kukhala kosazolowereka, kumabweretsa chinsinsi.
Chipinda choyera choyera pamwala: mtendere, chitonthozo ndi kugona kwabwino
Kamvekedwe kabwino ka mwalawo m'chipinda chogona ndi choyera, chamkaka, chowoneka bwino ndi nsalu zokongoletsa, zopangira utoto, utoto wowala, patina pa mipando yoyera.
Kukongoletsa chipinda chogona ndi njerwa zopangira utoto wamtundu kutonthoza mtima. Mitundu yodzaza ndi mdima imatha kupanga mawonekedwe osangalatsa, makamaka ngati kukhala mu malowa sikukhalitsa, koma chipinda chowala, chosalowerera ndale chimafunikira kupumula bwino.
Pakhoma lina la chipinda chogona ngati rustic kapena kalembedwe ka Scandinavia, mutha kukonza malo oyatsira moto poyikapo plasterboard niche woyenera ndikuikongoletsa ndi miyala yamiyala yokongoletsera.
Ndikosavuta kukongoletsa danga lamkati la kagawo kakang'ono ndi makandulo owoneka bwino, ofananira kapena kusiyanitsa ndi kumaliza konseko, kukhazikitsa analogue yamagetsi pamoto kapena malo opangira zinthu pamenepo. Mukakhala ndi pakati pazomwe zimakongoletsa mkati mwa malo ogona, mudzadzipatsa madzulo abwino komanso kuwala kotentha kwamoto wamoyo.
Zokongoletsa mwala m'malo ovuta: khitchini ndi bafa
Kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yokumba yokongoletsa makoma azipinda ndi chinyezi chambiri kapena kusinthasintha kwakuthwa kwa kutentha (bafa ndi khitchini) kumafunikira njira yapadera ndi njira zina zodzitetezera.
Ngakhale mwala wokumba uli ndi mphamvu komanso magwiridwe antchito, poyerekeza ndi mitundu yachilengedwe ya granite kapena mabulo, imakhalabe ndi zowononga zamadzi, kutentha kwambiri, ndi nthunzi yotentha.
Chifukwa chake, ngati chikhumbo chokhala ndi khoma lopangidwa ndi njerwa zopangira kukhitchini ndichabwino, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musachiyike pafupi ndi chitofu kuti musawononge nthawi kuchotsa zipsera zamafuta, kapena kuzisamalira ndi zida zapadera zoteteza (varnishes, madzi othamangitsira madzi).
Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mwala mkati mwa bafa, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa volumetric space, chifukwa chipinda chaching'ono chokhala ndi zidutswa zamiyala chimawoneka chochepa kwambiri komanso chopanikiza.
Ngati kukula kwa bafa kulola, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga, ma slabs akulu amitundu yomwe imapanga zaka za zana la 20 ndi 21, kapena zipilala zokhala ndi mitu yayikulu, zolembedwako, ziboliboli zomwe zimasandutsa chipinda kukhala malo osambira akale ndizoyenera.
Mitundu yaying'ono pogwiritsa ntchito miyala yokongoletsera
Madzi oyenda amawonjezera chidwi chapakatikati pa malo osangulirapo: kung'ung'udza pang'ono kumakhazika mtima pansi, kumangoyang'ana pakapangidwe kakang'ono, kumagwirizanitsa mkhalidwe wamkati wamunthu, ndipo nthunzi yaying'ono kwambiri yamadzi imanyowetsa mpweya wouma. Choncho, chipangizo cha kasupe wa nyumba sichingokongoletsa chipinda, komanso chimawongolera nzika za anthu.
Mukakongoletsa khoma ndi kasupe wokhala ndi mwala wopangira, m'pofunika kuwonjezera nyumbayo ndi galasi loyang'ana pamwamba pomwe mitsinje yamadzi imayenda.
Choletsa chowonekera sichimawoneka, koma ndikosavuta kukhalabe oyera chifukwa kuchokera pakukhudzana kwakanthawi ndi madzi, mawonekedwe amtundu wa laimu pamwamba pamiyala. Galasi iteteza zomangamanga ku chinyezi, kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa nyumbayo, koma mawonekedwe ake sangavutike - nyumbayo idzakhala ndi madzi enieni, osati mathithi opangira.
