Pali zidule zambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha mawonekedwe akuwona chipinda. Njira zambiri zimaphatikizapo kusanja mwaluso, koyenera kwa zokongoletsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe kumayamba kutchuka kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsazi, mutha kusintha kwambiri malo pabalaza, holo, malo ofesi.
Zomangira zamkati zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, mwachitsanzo, pakupanga maholo amnyumba yachifumu modabwitsa. Opanga amakono amawagwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe awo pakupanga zipinda zamakono, zophatikizika. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawindo, makoma, madenga. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yokongoletsa, imatha kuteteza malo kuti asawonongeke, kubisa zolakwika zomwe zilipo pakhoma.
Zosiyanasiyana
Akamaumba ndi volumetric mpumulo Mzere amene Ufumuyo padziko makoma, kudenga, kuzungulira pakhomo, zenera kutsegula. Chipangizocho chili ndi malire a kutalika (2 m), koma chimatha kukhala chosiyana mulifupi, mawonekedwe, zokhutira.
Zopangira zimakhala zosiyanasiyana, mitundu yotsatira imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
- polystyrene;
- pulasitiki;
- polyurethane.
Zinthu zokongoletsera zopangidwa ndi izi ndizolimba, ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa ndikusamalira. Nthawi zambiri pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamatabwa, miyala yachilengedwe, pulasitala. Zinthu zotere ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri, ndizovuta kugwira nawo ntchito, ndipo zimafuna kukonza mosamala. Mapanelo opangidwa ndi miyala kapena matabwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu pobwezeretsa zinthu zofunikira kwambiri, ndikukhalabe zowona momwe zingathere.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe m'nyumba za anthu, nyumba, zovuta zakukonzanso ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Zipangizazi ndizabwino kwambiri, zimafunikira malo ena ozungulira. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zamatabwa zam'mutu zimatha msanga mawonekedwe, mtundu, ndi zina zokongoletsa ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zovala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuyika mitundu yowala zikutchuka kuposa kale lonse. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri, ndikosavuta kuwoloka mzere ndipo mkati mwake mudzakhala mawonekedwe osamveka.
Lingaliro lakuwumba limaphatikizapo: kuwumba kwa stucco, ma plinths, mafelemu, zopindika, mapanelo osungidwa. M'chigawochi, amatha kukhala mosabisa, osema kapena otukuka. Amatha kukhala ndi zida zokongoletsa zazing'ono zambiri. Ngakhale masanjidwe a kudenga, omwe amasintha bwino kuchokera pakhoma, amatha kuonedwa ngati akamaumba. Makina akuda amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsindika za zokongoletsera, kugawa malo ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi zambiri, kuwumbirako kumamangiriridwa ndi zomatira kapena zomangira zokhazokha, zokutidwa ndi putty. Kusala ndi zomangira zodzigwiritsira ntchito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuumba kumapangidwa ndi zinthu zolemera kapena kulimbitsa munjira zina ndizosatheka. Kusankha koumba kumatengera mawonekedwe ndi zokongoletsa zamkati. Mawonekedwe amkati amatha kukhala achikale kapena oyandikira amakono kapena amtawuni.
Moldings ndi njira yosavuta, yotsika mtengo, yoyambirira yosamalira malo ndikupanga mawonekedwe enieni.
Zokongoletsa kukhoma
Zojambula pamakoma zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri. Uwu ndi mwayi wabwino wowonekera kukulitsa, kuwonjezera malo kapena kugawaniza. Malo amakono atha kuphatikizira mawonekedwe ambiri ndikuphatikiza zokongoletsa khoma ndi mapepala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mapepala ndi utoto m'malo ena. Ndizopatukana komanso kusintha kosalala kuchoka kudera lina kupita kumalo komwe zokongoletsera izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zithunzi zapangidwe kazithunzi sizingogwira ntchito ngati malo ocheperako, zimatha kubisanso zolakwika, kukonza zolakwika komanso makoma osagwirizana. Chojambula chokongoletsedwa bwino chimatha kutambasula malowo, kutulutsa zosakhazikika. Kuumba sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, nthawi zambiri kumakhala mafelemu kapena matabwa ogwirizana. Ngati danga likuloleza, ndiye kuti kuumba kumatha kuikidwa mozungulira pazigawo zina za khoma, kumawoneka kokongola komanso kokwera mtengo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chida chokongoletsera, mutha kutambasula chipinda, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zokhala ndi zotsika zochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, zinthuzo zimaphatikizidwa mozungulira pomwe zojambula zimalumikizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu, mawonekedwe. Izi zithandizira zokongoletsa zina zonse, zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo osinthira ndikuwonjezera kukomoka kwa chipinda.
Makina angagwiritsidwe ntchito mchipinda chilichonse: pabalaza, nazale, kuchipinda, kukhitchini kapena chipinda chodyera. Zolemba zakale komanso zopapatiza ndizoyenera kuchipinda, pomwe muzisewera mozungulira mutha kusewera ndi mawonekedwe ndi kupumula ndikupanga mawonekedwe abwino. Mukakongoletsa makoma, ndikofunikira kuti musachulukitse mkati. Maonekedwe omalizidwa mchipindacho ayenera kukhala achidule komanso oletsa.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito bwino zokongoletsera pamakoma, ndikosavuta kuwononga ndikusokoneza chipinda. Ndikofunikanso kumvetsetsa kuti polemba nyimbo kuchokera pamafelemu kapena kubwereza zojambula, ziyenera kukhala zofananira kukula ndikupezeka pamtunda womwewo kuchokera padenga, pansi kapena pazenera.
Zojambula pamakoma zimawoneka zodula komanso zodzikongoletsa, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mukamakongoletsa zipinda zokhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziwadzaza ndi zokongoletsa zambiri komanso zinthu zina zothandizira. Poterepa, kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazokongoletsa khoma, kupatukana kwa mapepala okhala ndi mawonekedwe ndikofunikira. Izi zidzadzaza chipindacho ndi voliyumu yowonjezera.
Mukaziphatikiza ndi kupenta ndi khoma kapena pakhoma, kuwumba kumatha kutsindika kupatukana, kutsekera bwino zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mutha kuyigwiritsa ntchito mwanjira ina - yosalala ndikusintha mosadukiza, mutha kusintha mosadalirika.
Zigawo zina zobwereza zitha kupangidwa kuchokera ku kuwumba. Njirayi ndi yofunikira muzipinda zokhala ndi kudenga komanso makoma owoneka bwino. Kumlingo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwachikhalidwe cha kuwumba khoma ndikupanga zipinda zazing'ono kuchokera pamenepo. Ntchito yokhota kumapeto itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabotolo ndikutsanzira kutseguka kwazenera. Njira imeneyi ndi yoyenera zipinda zogona kapena zipinda zogona mu Renaissance kapena neoclassicism kalembedwe.
Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mukakongoletsa chipinda cha ana. Amapanga mapulani abwino azithunzi, magalasi, mashelufu amabuku. Wallpaper zokhala ndi zingwe zosindikizidwa mkatikati mwa chipinda chimawoneka zokongola; kumbuyo kwa makoma owala, mutha kupanga magawo angapo amitundu yosiyana, kapangidwe kake ndikuwapanga ndi zingwe zopyapyala. Amaloledwa kuyika zinthu za stucco, zokongoletsa zina pakati pa kapangidwe kake.
Mukakongoletsa makoma, kuumba kwamtundu uliwonse, m'lifupi, mawonekedwe amtundu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera mawonekedwe ndi kukula pasadakhale. Mutha kulemba makoma ndi pensulo kapena choko chosavuta.
Akukonza mawindo ndi zitseko
M'nyumba zamakono, mawindo sakhala okwera nthawi zonse komanso akulu. Mutha kuwonjezera kumverera kwa danga laulere ndikuwonetsetsa kukulitsa zenera ndikuwumba. Pazenera lotsika komanso lopapatiza, kumaliza kwa laconic komanso kutambalala ndikwabwino. Pazenera lalikulu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira zokongoletsera ndi zinthu za stucco.
Matabwa, ma skirting board amapanga malo mozungulira kutsegulira kwazenera, itha kukhala yolumikizana kapena kutsindika gawo lina lazenera. Mukakongoletsa zenera pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yowala, kuphatikiza mitundu yamatabwa, ma profiles, izi zidzatseka malo mozungulira, ndikuwonetsetsa kwambiri zenera. Pazenera lowoneka bwino, zopangidwa ndi ma stucco zimawoneka zokongola; zitha kupanga chithunzi chokhala munyumba yakale kumwera kwa France. Zokongoletsa kuzungulira kwazenera ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana kapena zikufanana ndendende ndi mtundu wa chimango pa zenera. Njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe kuwumba pazenera kumabwereza kutengera, cholinga, kupumula kwa chitseko cha chitseko.
Nthawi zambiri mkatikati, kuwumba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsekera pakhomo. Imeneyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogawira chipinda chomwe chili ndi khomo kapena chipilala. Poterepa, zinthu zapamwamba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsindika kwambiri mbali zosiyanasiyana za chipindacho. Zokongoletserazi zitha kukulitsa kukula kwa chitseko, ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, zisinthe bwino.
Izi ndizofunikira ngati mukufunika kubisa chitseko. Kuphatikiza apo, zodzikongoletsera zopangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo m'malo ena mchipindacho. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza pakalibe loko kwachitseko, pomwe chitseko chikugunda chinsalu.
Denga kapena malo otsetsereka pansi amateteza makoma kuti asawonongeke ndi makina a mipando. Kuyika zomata ziwiri pansi padenga kumatha kukweza kwambiri denga ndikuwonjezera malo mchipinda. Denga limodzi liyenera kupita kumapeto kwambiri kwa khoma pafupi ndi denga, lachiwiri liyenera kuyikidwa masentimita 10-20 kutsika.
Ngati mukufuna kuwonetsa kutalika kwa denga, mawonekedwe ake ayenera kulumikizidwa mosamalitsa mofanana ndi msinkhu wa ngodya. Mzere wapamwamba kwambiri umapanga chithunzi cha denga lopindika.
Unconventional ntchito akamaumba
Kuphatikiza pa njira zomwe tafotokozazi, zoumba sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwanjira zachikhalidwe. Mashelufu achilendo amabuku kapena zinthu zina zazing'ono amapezeka pazinthu izi. Pazinthu izi, bar, yotakata pang'ono yaying'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Awa akhoza kukhala makope amodzi, atha kukhala mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, pakona ya chipinda. Yankho ili likuwoneka lokongola ndipo limasunga malo. Potsatira chitsanzo cha mashelufu amabuku, mutha kukonzekera malo azithunzi, miphika yaying'ono yamaluwa, malo amawu
Zobisika zobisika kapena zida zapanyumba zimapangidwa ndimapangidwe. TV ya plasma yomwe imatha kutulutsa mawonekedwe amkati imatha kusinthidwa ndi mbiri zingapo zopingasa. Pali chizolowezi chokongoletsa mipando, mipando, mipando ndi mipando. Makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri opangidwa ndi mitundu yabwino yamatabwa, kangapo - pulasitiki, thovu lokhala ndi mitengo yonyenga.
Mtundu osiyana akamaumba ndi chitsulo, kutengera siliva, gilding, mkuwa. Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo odula, okongola. Malo amoto, magalasi akulu, zipilala zokongoletsedwa ndi zokulirapo, zojambulidwa zagolide zimawoneka zosangalatsa m'zipindazi.
Kusankha kwamitundu, kapangidwe, kapangidwe kake ndi njira yomwe imafunikira upangiri wa katswiri, gulu la opanga. Ndikudalira kwathunthu kuthekera kwanu, mutha kuyesa kuzichita nokha.
Mfundo zofunika kuziganizira mukakongoletsa chipinda ndikuwumba:
- chipinda;
- zokongoletsera pamakoma;
- kupezeka kwa zinthu zina zokongoletsera;
- kuzolowera zida zowoneka (chithunzi, kanema) pakugwira ntchito ndi kuwumba;
- danga lakukhazikitsa / kutsitsa kwaulere ma strips.
Mutha kujambula chithunzi chamkati, kenako lembani komwe kuli zinthu zokongoletsera. Njira iyi ithandizira kupulumutsa nthawi, kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika.
Powerengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika, ndikofunikira kulingalira za katundu wocheperako. Mbali yayikulu iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukamaumba kuchokera pachinthu chosalimba, chopepuka. Kukhazikitsa kumatengera tchipisi, zotumphukira, zotheka. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo am'thunzi wowala, ndi bwino kusankha zinthu zomwe zingatsukidwe. Ambiri mwa iwo amapatsidwa mankhwala mwapadera ndi yankho linalake lomwe limabwezeretsa fumbi ndipo silitenga fungo lakunja.
M'manja akumanja, kuwumba kumatha kukhala chida chobisika chothandizira kukonza malo mchipinda, kuchigawa, kukulitsa dera. Akamaumba angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino nyumba zogona, nyumba, maofesi, nyumba malonda. Lamulo lalikulu ndikudziwa nthawi yosiya. Matabwa angapo oyipa amatha kusintha chipinda chamkati kukhala chipinda choseketsa. Ndikuphatikiza kopanga bwino, zokongoletsera pamakoma, chipinda chimasandulika, chimakhala chowala, chowuluka. Malingaliro olimbikitsira amatha kutengedwa m'magazini onyezimira, zolemba pamapangidwe, onani zithunzi zamkati zamkati. Chinsinsi cha kapangidwe kokongola ndi pulani yolingaliridwa bwino yokhazikitsira zokongoletsera.
