Masitepe achipongwe

Masitepe ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito chomwe chimapereka kulumikizana kowongoka. Kapangidwe kamakhala ndi nsanja zopingasa ndi mayendedwe, momwe kuchuluka kwa masitepe sikuyenera kupitirira mayunitsi khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu. Mpanda, ngakhale ndiwachiwiri, umagwira ntchito yofunikira. Ndizitsulo za masitepe omwe amapereka mayendedwe otetezeka, amapereka mfundo yothandizira m'manja.

Zojambulajambula

Pali masitepe ambiri. Mwa cholinga, mutha kusiyanitsa nyumba zotsatirazi: zofunikira, zothandizira (zosungira, ntchito). Pamalo: panja, m'nyumba, m'nyumba. Ndi mawonekedwe: owongoka, ozungulira, opindika, ophatikizana. Zimasiyananso pakupanga, zida zazikulu, kukhalapo kwa riser, njira yomangira, ndi mawonekedwe ena.

Mosasamala masitepewo, ngati ali ndi magawo atatu kapena kupitilira apo, ndiye kuti iyenera kukhala ndi zitseko. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamipanda: yokhazikika, cholinga chapadera. Yoyamba imaphatikizapo nyumba zomwe zimayikidwa munyumba. Chachiwiri chimaphatikizapo zinthu zothandizira ana, komanso nzika zolemala. Cholinga chachikulu cha njanjiyi:

• kuteteza munthu kuti asagwe kunja kwa mpanda;
• kuonetsetsa kuyenda bwino pamasitepe;
• zokongoletsera zamkati kapena zakunja kwa nyumbayo.

Kunyoza - mpanda wotsika unayikidwa m'mphepete mwa masitepe, khonde, bwalo, mlatho. Amakhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Chojambulira ndi chinthu chopingasa chapamwamba cha mpanda wokhala ndi khoma kapena balusters, pomwe munthu amakhala pamanja. Iyenera kukhala yosalala popanda burrs kapena ngodya zakuthwa. Mwa mawonekedwe, pali zosankha zozungulira, zowulungika, zamakona.
• Balusters ndizowonjezera zothandizira. Amamangiriridwa mosamala pamasitepewo ndipo amakhala othandizira pazitsulo zamanja.
• Zowonjezera - zinthu zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa pakati pazithunzithunzi zothandizira. Sachita zokongoletsa zokha, komanso zoteteza.

Komanso, kutengera mtunduwo, ili ndi gulu lotsatirali:

• zachikale - zoyimilidwa ndi zolunjika zowongoka kapena zopindika, zolunjika mozungulira kapena mopepuka;
• zaluso - danga pakati pazogwirizira ladzaza ndi zinthu zokongoletsa;
• mtanda - mipiringidzo yopingasa imamangiriridwa pazithunzi zowongoka;
• olimba - danga pakati pa masitepe ndi cholembera chatsekedwa ndi mapanelo olimba.

Kuti apange masitepe otsogola, oyenda koyambirira ndi ena, masitepe osiyanasiyana atha kuphatikizidwa.

Maupangiri am'manja ndi mipanda

Masitepe mamangidwe amachitika panthawi yopanga projekiti yayikulu. M'nyumba zampikisano, ichi ndiye cholumikizira chachikulu pakati pa zipinda, zomwe zimangotsimikizira kuyenda, komanso ziyenera kukhala zotetezeka komanso zabwino. Malinga ndi SNiP 2.08.01-89, chiganizo 1.17 ndi SNiP 2.08.02-89, chiganizo 1.91, masitepe ayenera kukhala ndi mipanda yokhala ndi zomata.

Mukamapanga ma handrails, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi zikalata zoyendetsera:

• GOST 23120-78 "Masitepe oyendetsa ndege, nsanja ndi njanji zachitsulo".
• SP 118.13330.2012 p. 6.16 ndi SNiP 2.01.07-85 p. 3.11 miyezo yokhazikika yazinthu zopingasa pama handrails iyenera kukhala: 0.3 kN / m yanyumba zogona, zipatala zoyambirira, zipatala, zipatala; 0.8 kN / m kwa nyumba zina ndi nyumba zina popanda zofunikira; 1.5 kN / m yamiyala ndi maholo amasewera.
• GOST 30247.0-94 "Nyumba zomanga. Njira zoyesera kukana moto ".
• SNiP 2.03.11-85 tsamba 5; SNiP 3.04.03-85 p. 2.1-2.8, 3 "Chitetezo cha nyumba ndi zomangira ku dzimbiri".
• GOST 25772-83 "Masitepe oyenda, makonde ndi madenga" m'ndime 1.3 ili ndi zofunika.
• Kupereka njira zopulumukira. Kutsata mokakamizidwa ndi SNiP 2.08.02-89 chiganizo 1.96 ndi matembenuzidwe amtsogolo, mwachitsanzo, SP 118.13330.2012 chiganizo 6.9. Awa ndiwo matalikidwe osachepera.

Kwa ana ndi anthu olumala, zomangamanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofunikira zomwe zimafunikira. Amayang'aniridwa ndi zilembo zotsatirazi: SNiP 2.08.02-89 chiganizo 1.92, GOST 25772-83 chiganizo 1.3, SNiP 35-01-2001 chiganizo 3.29.

Kutalika

Kutalika kwazitsulo ndikofunikira kwambiri mukakwera masitepe. Komabe, gawo ili, monga ena ambiri, limayendetsedwa ndi zikalata zoyang'anira, makamaka, malinga ndi SNiP 31-01-2003 p.8.3, kutalika kwa mipanda ya masitepe m'malo amadontho owopsa kuyenera kukhala osachepera 1.2 m. Ndiyeneranso kulabadira GOST 25772 -83. Kutengera izi ndi zina, zofunikira izi zitha kusiyanitsidwa:

Kwa masitepe apaulendo, m:

• zamkati - 0,9;
• akunja - 1.2;
• m'malo ophunzitsira ana asukulu - 1.2.

Pazitsulo za khonde, m:

• nyumba zosakwana 28 m - 1;
• zoposa 28 m - 1.1;
• m'malo ophunzitsira ana asukulu - 1.2.

Mukamapanga nyumba zanyumba, munthu ayenera kutsatira SP 55.13330.2016, pomwe m'ndime 8.3 kutalika kwa mipanda kumatsimikizika - opitilira 0.9 m. Malamulowa ndiupangiri mwachilengedwe, koma simuyenera kuwanyalanyaza, ngakhale chifukwa chamkati. Kusunga kwawo kudzakuthandizani kuti mudziteteze, abale, abwenzi kuzinthu zosayembekezereka komanso kuvulala.

Kutalika

Handrail ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga kwa manja, komwe kumachitikira mukamayenda kapena kutsika. Zitha kukhala zazing'ono, zozungulira, zowulungika. Ndipo ngati kutalika kwa mipanda, mtunda pakati pa balusters umayendetsedwa, ndiye kuti m'lifupi mwake chinthuchi sichikhazikikanso, chitha kukhala chilichonse. Chinthu chachikulu posankha miyeso ndi girth yabwino ya dzanja. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwamagawo osinthika kumatha kusinthasintha mkati mwa 3 - 7 cm.

Komabe, mu GOST R 51261-99 m'ndime 5.1.6, ma handrails omwe amakhala munyumba zogona ayenera kukhala ozungulira kapena amakona anayi. Mbali yoyamba, m'mimba mwake osachepera 3 cm ana, koma osapitirira 5 cm akuluakulu. Kachiwiri, kuthamanga kuchoka pa 2.5 mpaka 3 cm kumaloledwa.

Kutali kwa zothandizira pansi pa kunyoza

Poganizira miyezo yomwe ili pamwambapa, kwa mabungwe ena okha kutalika komwe kulipo pakati pa balusters kumatsimikizika. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi ndi mabungwe asukulu zoyambirira, pomwe chilolezo pakati pazowongolera choyenera sichiyenera kupitirira 0.1 m wopitirira 0,5 m kutalika.

Zachipongwe

Masitepe amakwerero amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira. Kusankhidwa kwa chinthu choyenera kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa nyumba (nyumba yabwinobwino, malo aboma kapena bungwe), malo oyikiramo (panja, m'munda, m'nyumba), mkati mwake, kunja, zokonda za eni ake. Zipangizo zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi izi: chitsulo, matabwa, pulasitiki, galasi, konkire. Palinso zosankha kuphatikiza. Iliyonse ya mitundu yomwe yatchulidwayo imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake, ali ndi zabwino komanso zovuta.

Zitsulo

Kupanga zitsulo zamtundu wazitsulo, zotayidwa, zosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo, chitsulo, mkuwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zosankha ziwiri zoyambirira ndizofala kwambiri, chifukwa chake tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane:

• Zotayidwa. Posankha nkhaniyi, muyenera kukumbukira kufewa kwake. Mothandizidwa ndi katundu wolemera, imatha kupunduka ngakhale kutha, kotero mipanda yotere siyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera. Zina mwazabwino za aluminium ndi izi:

1. kulemera kopepuka;
2. kukhazikitsa kosavuta;
3. kusalowerera ndale, motero, kukana kutu;
4. wokongola;
5. kuwala kwachilengedwe;
6. mtengo wotsika.

• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ichi ndi cholimba cholimba chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopanga mpanda wodalirika, womasuka womwe ungathe kupirira katundu wolemera. Zina mwazabwino ndi izi:

1. moyo wautali wautumiki;
2. kukana chinyezi;
3. Chitetezo ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera;
4. chisamaliro chosavuta;
5. aesthetics, oyenera masitaelo amakono ambiri, mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wapamwamba, wamakono, wocheperako;
6. kusamalira chilengedwe ndi ukhondo;
7. kuthekera kophatikizana ndi galasi, matabwa, pulasitiki.

Momwemonso, matayala azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a aluminium. Komabe, ndizolemera, zimawononga mtengo wokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo popita nthawi zimawoneka zokopa zambiri ndi tchipisi pamwamba pake. Aluminium ilibe zovuta izi, koma zimatayika mwanjira zokongoletsa.

Mitengo yachilengedwe

Wood ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe sichimataya kufunikira kwake. Kapangidwe ka masitepe, pang'ono kapena kokwanira kopangidwa ndi matabwa, kadzadzaza nyumbayo ndi kutentha ndikubweretsa chitonthozo kwa iyo. Imeneyi ndi njira yabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupatsa chilengedwe chawo panyumba ndikusamalira za chilengedwe. Kupanga mipanda, thundu, larch, phulusa, beech, paini amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake. Oak ndiye matabwa okhazikika kwambiri. Zikuwoneka zodula kwambiri, moyo wake wantchito ndi woposa zaka 10. Kusankha mtundu umodzi kapena wina wa nkhuni kumadalira mtengo wake, mtundu wofunikira. Zina mwazabwino za matabwa achilengedwe ndi:

• kusinthasintha, mitengo imagwirizana pafupifupi ndi mitundu yonse yamkati;
• thunthu ofunda ndi zosangalatsa kukhudza;
• kudalirika ndi kulimba;
• kuteteza zachilengedwe;
• wokongola;
• kuthekera kopanga mawonekedwe osazolowereka kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zosemedwa;
• kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe achilengedwe;
• ntchito zowunikira zosavuta.

Zoyipa:

• kukwera mtengo, makamaka zopangidwa;
• nyumba zamatabwa zimatha kuwola, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito ma antiseptics apadera ndi varnishi kumakupatsani mwayi woti muthetse vutoli kwakanthawi;
• Mitengo yotsika siyolimba; ikasamalidwa mosamala, tchipisi ndi ming'alu imatha kuwonekera pamwamba.

Galasi

Zipangizo zamagalasi zimawoneka zachilendo. Zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi mipanda yamatabwa ndi yazitsulo. Ndipo ngakhale pakuwona koyamba mankhwalawo angawoneke kukhala osadalirika mokwanira, iwo sali. Zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira ntchito zomwe zimatha kupirira katundu wambiri. Nyumba zotere zimatha kukhazikitsidwa ngakhale ndi mabanja omwe ali ndi ana osawopa chitetezo chawo.

Popanga mipanda, magalasi otenthedwa kapena ma triplex amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amatha kukhala owonekera, owundana, opaka utoto, magalasi odetsedwa, osindikizidwa, osindikizidwa, ndikuwunikira kwa LED. Ubwino wazinthuzo umatsimikizira kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa malonda, komanso, pakapita nthawi, ming'alu kapena tchipisi siziwoneka pamwamba pake. Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ndi okwanira, njanji nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa ndi matabwa, zitsulo, zokutidwa ndi chrome, zopangira pulasitiki.

Ubwino:

• wokongola, mawonekedwe achilendo;
• kuwonjezeka kwowonekera mumlengalenga;
• kukhazikika;
• kusalowerera ndale kwathunthu;
• kukana kusintha kwa kutentha;
• kusankha kwakukulu kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana;
• kuyika kosavuta.

Zoyipa:

• mtengo wokwera;
• chisamaliro chovuta, mabanga amakhalabe pamwamba.

Pulasitiki

Makhalidwe ayenera kupirira katundu wambiri, chifukwa chake, pulasitiki yolimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange njanji zamtundu uliwonse, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zomalizidwa zitha kukhazikitsidwa m'nyumba ndi panja. Mtengo wamipanda yotere ndiwotsika, koma siotchuka. Ubwino wake ndi monga:

• kukana mapangidwe aukali, alkalis, zotsekemera;
• mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana;
• kulemera kopepuka;
• zakuthupi sizichita pakali pano;
• ofunda mpaka kukhudza;
• Sikutanthauza kujambula kwina, chithandizo ndi impregnations.

Zoyipa:

• mphamvu zochepa, ndimphamvu zimaphwanya, zimaphwanya;
• Zipangizo zotsika mtengo ndizosatetezedwa mwachilengedwe, zimatulutsa poizoni;
• otsika chisanu kukana;
• pa kutentha pansi pa 15 ° imakhala yopepuka;
• imazimiririka ndi dzuwa.

Adachita zachitsulo

Zomangamanga ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri zachitsulo. Amatha kutsindika zamkati mwanyumba yanyumba kapena nyumba. Zitha kukhazikitsidwa osati m'nyumba za anthu okha, komanso m'malo aboma, mwachitsanzo, m'malesitilanti, mahotela, malo omwera. Mtengo wa mpanda mwachindunji umadalira kulemera kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe kake, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokongoletsera, ndi mtundu wa zokongoletsa.

Chinthu china chofunikira ndi mtundu wa kulipira, komwe kumatha kutenthedwa kapena kuzizira. Njira yoyamba yopangira imakhala yovuta kwambiri, koma imakupatsani mwayi wopeza zinthu zoyambirira, zapadera, zomwe mtengo wake ndiwokwera kwambiri. Zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mwanjira yachiwiri zimapangidwa molingana ndi template, mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera, sizimangokhala zokha.

Ubwino:

• moyo wautali wautumiki;
• kuthekera kopanga kapangidwe kapadera;
• kukana zisonkhezero zosiyanasiyana;
• mphamvu ndi kudalirika;
• ergonomics.

Zoyipa:

• kukwera mtengo, popeza ntchito yamanja imagwiritsidwa ntchito;
• nthawi kupanga yaitali;
• zovuta za kukhazikitsa;
• chiopsezo chowonjezeka chovulala chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mbali zakuthwa;
• kulemera kwakukulu.

Konkire ndi mwala

Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwakukulu, konkriti ndi miyala yamiyala sizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, zimangopangidwira panja. Ngati tikulankhula za miyala yachilengedwe, ndiye kuti mapangidwe oterewa ndi osowa kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale kuti marble kapena granite amawoneka okongola, mtengo wawo umangoletsa. Kuphatikiza apo, zimatenga nthawi yochuluka kukonza zinthuzo, motero nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma analog.

Mipanda ya konkriti ndiyosavuta kupanga, imapezeka pothira chisakanizo cha konkriti mu nkhungu. Amadziwika ndi kulimba, kulekerera kutentha komanso kutsika bwino, komanso amakhala ndi mtengo wotsika. Koma nkhaniyi ilinso ndi zovuta zake: kulemera kwakukulu, mawonekedwe osasangalatsa, porosity yayikulu. Popanda kupenta pafupipafupi, mipanda imayamba kugwa chifukwa cha chinyezi.

Kuphatikiza

Mipanda yophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimaphatikiza zida zosiyanasiyana. Galasi, matabwa amitengo, zinthu zabodza, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa chophatikizika kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, nyumbazi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera, zimagwirizana ndi masitayilo aliwonse, ndipo ndi oyenera kukongoletsa zamkati ndi zamakono.

Popanga ma racks, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimayenda bwino ndi chilichonse chopangira. Manja ophatikizidwa amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzolimba kapena pulasitiki wapamwamba. Plexiglas kapena triplex imaphimba malo pakati pa masitepe ndi ma handrails. Komanso, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zakuda wamba, zokongoletsera zopangidwa ndi mkuwa, mkuwa kapena mkuwa.

Momwe njanji ndi matayala zimaphatikizirana ndi mawonekedwe

M'nyumba yanyumba, masitepe samangogwira ntchito ngati zinthu zamkati zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosunthira pansi, komanso ndichinthu chokongoletsera. Masitepe otetezera amatha kuyimiridwa ndi ma balusters, ma njanji, nsanamira, ma handrails ndi zina zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa pakhomalo. Kuti dongosololi likwaniritse bwino chilengedwe chonse, ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu woyenera wa njanji ndi zida zopangira. Zitha kuchitidwa motere:

• Zachikhalidwe. Zipilala zazikulu zachitsulo zopangidwa ndi matabwa zidzakuthandizani. Ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zilizonse zachilengedwe komanso kuphatikiza kwawo. Chachikulu ndikuti amagogomezera kulemera kwamkati.
• Pamwamba.Masitepe ndi njanji ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi lingaliro la mafakitale akale. Ma rack ndi ma handrails nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mapaipi achitsulo kapena ma profiles, poyesera kutsindika kulimba kwa chikhatho. Zili ndi utoto malinga ndi kalembedwe, zokongoletsera sizigwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Zamakono. Njanji ziyenera kukhala zachidule. Mizere yokha yamajometri ndi yomwe imaloledwa pakukongoletsa. Maonekedwe awo adzakhala zokongoletsa zazikulu. Zinthu zopangidwa ndizolumikizana zimawoneka bwino. Kuyika magalasi ndikotheka mu Art Nouveau wamakono.
• Chatekinoloje yapamwamba. Mipanda zoteteza ndi zopangidwa pulasitiki, galasi, chitsulo. Mtundu wapadera wa kalembedwe ndikuwonetsera kwa zinthu zonse zolumikiza, nyumba zonyamula katundu ndi zolumikizira.
• Provence. Pakatikati moyandikira moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi chilengedwe, njirazi zimapangidwa ngati zopepuka komanso zokongola momwe zingathere. Ngati mtengo wasankhidwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yake yowala. Patina yokumba ipanga gawo lapaderadera kuyambira kale.

Bwanji Mng'oma handrail

Masitepe oyendetsa masitepe amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pazinyumba zazing'ono zazifupi ziwiri, nyumba zamatabwa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zikuphatikiza izi: ma handrails, ma balusters, zokuthandizira, zokongoletsera monga zojambula. Zodzipangira nokha zopanga manja ziyenera kuchitika molingana ndi chiwembu chomwe chidakonzedweratu.

Kulemba ntchito

Ndikosavuta kupanga chovala chamakono chamakwerero osavuta. Choyamba, muyenera kujambula zojambula mwatsatanetsatane. Iyenera kuwonetsa kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake, nambala yake, m'lifupi mwake, kutalika kwa chinthu chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, kusinthika kwa zinthu kumatsimikizika. Amatha kupangidwa, monolithic, ngati chingwe, kuti akhale kupitilira pamitanda ikuluikulu.

Kutalika kwa ma handrails kumasankhidwa payekha kutengera zomwe amakonda. Gawo lovomerezeka ndi 100 mm. Kutalika kwapakati pazigawo ndi 900 mm. Kupatuka pazigawo zapakati ndizotheka, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi njira yolumikizira zinthuzo.

Kusankha nkhuni

Malinga ndi miyezo yachitetezo cha nyumba, masitepe oyendetsa masitepe pa ntchito iliyonse amayenera kupilira 100 kg. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zolimba popanga zinthu ndikukhazikika bwino. Kwa njanji, mitengo yolimba yolimba ndiyabwino, mwachitsanzo, thundu, phulusa, beech. Kuti njirazi zisapunduke pambuyo pake, chinyezi chomwe chili m'malo mwake chisadutse 18%.

Ngati mungaganize zogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wofewa, muyenera kulingalira za kapangidwe kake pamapangidwe. Zinthu ngati izi zimafota ndikutha msanga. Ngati njanjiyo ipangidwe ndi dzanja, muyenera kulingalira pasadakhale za kuthekera kopanga zopotana. Mtengo uyenera kukhala wosavuta kusanja.

Kupanga ndi kukonza ma balusters

Chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za kapangidwe kake ndi ma balusters. Zoyimira mwamphamvu zofanana zimakhazikika pamakwerero oyenda mozungulira patali chimzake. Amapangidwa pamakina kapena pamanja, ali ndi chida choyenera komanso luso laukadaulo. Kuthamangira pamwala ndi miyala kungachitike m'njira zingapo:

• Pamabotolo. Phokoso laling'ono loyenera limakuloweledwa m'masitepe, baluster imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo cholumikizira chimakulungidwa kuchokera pansi.
• Pa chopiki. Malo opanda matabwa amalowetsedwa m'mabowo omwe adakonzedweratu, asanalandiridwe ndi guluu wamatabwa. Masitepewo atakwera panjira ndipo palibe zofunikira pakuwonekera kwake, ngodya zosapanga dzimbiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera.
• Kudzera mu bar. Phiri lamtunduwu ndiloyenera ma balusters athyathyathya. Amalumikizidwa kudzera mu barolo molunjika ku sitepe. Izi zipangitsa dongosolo lonse kukhala lamphamvu kwambiri. Kuyika kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zokhazokha ndi screwdriver.

Kupanga kwa Handrail

Zinthu zotere zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku bolodi yolimba kapena zingapo zomwe zingaphatikizidwe. Kuonjezera kuuma kwa kapangidwe kake, m'pofunika kutsatira malamulo ena pakukhazikitsa. Bala yopingasa osachepera 60 mm ndioyenera kupanga ma handrails. Iyenera kukonzedwa - gawo lakumunsi limatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo kumtunda kuyenera kuzungulira.

Chingwe chachikulu pamakwerero masitayelo achikale amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zingapo. Muyenera kupanga bala yapakati ndi njanji zammbali. Kenako ziwalo zonse zimalumikizidwa pamodzi ndikufinyidwa ndi zomata. Pangani bokosilo pogwiritsa ntchito pulaneti.

Mapeto

Makwerero akhala akuchita gawo la chinthu chokongoletsera chokongola kuwonjezera pa magwiridwe antchito. Mkati mwa nyumbayo, kapangidwe kake ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake kofananira ndi mipando, ndi utoto wamitundu yonse pazomaliza, motsogozedwa ndi chithunzi pasadakhale. Njanji zosankhidwa molondola zidzakhala kunyadira kwa eni, kuwonetsa luso lawo.

Onerani kanemayo: Panadería El Carmen, con más de 60 años en Masatepe (Mulole 2024).