Njerwa yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga kuyambira masiku a Egypt wakale. Zinthuzo sizinali zofanana ndi za masiku ano. Njerwa za kukula kofanana zidapangidwa kuchokera ku dongo lowunjikalo. Poyamba, adagwiritsa ntchito njerwa zosaphika, zomwe zidawumitsidwa padzuwa ndikuwopa chinyezi, chifukwa chake nyumba zopangidwazo sizimatchedwa zolimba. Kenako, zomangira zidayamba kuwombera, zomwe zidakulitsa moyo wake wantchito. Mabwinja a Tower of Babel yotchuka (chimodzi mwazinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri zodabwitsa padziko lapansi) ndi zotsalira za njerwa, zidutswa zake zidakhalabe mpaka pano. A Byzantine adalimbikitsa Russia wakale pankhaniyi. M'masiku amenewo, gawo lililonse limapangidwa ndi manja, choncho ndi anthu olemera okha omwe amatha kumanga kuchokera pamenepo. Anthu osauka amayenera kukhala okhutira ndi mitengo komanso miyala yotsika mtengo. Pang'onopang'ono, kupanga kunayamba kukhala kwamakina, motero mitengo yazogulitsa idatsika.
Masiku ano, njerwa ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zodalirika, zomwe, mwatsoka, sizingapikisane ndi thovu, gasi, ndi konkire wolimbitsa. Omalizawa adapatsa mwayi wopanga nyumba zazitali komanso "nyumba zazitali" m'mizinda. Njerwa nthawi zonse imakhala chinthu chakunja. Mkati mwake, adakonda kupaka pulasitala ndikumaliza kuti abise mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino a makomawo. Zinali mpaka mafashoni kapena malo apamwamba atayamba kutchuka ku United States. Izi zidalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kusasamala, ngati zinthu "zosamalizidwa" ndi mawonekedwe ake. Khoma la njerwa lopanda kanthu limaonedwa ngati kamvekedwe kakapangidwe kamapangidwe kokongoletsa mkati mwa nyumba kapena nyumba. Komabe, ngakhale pano, zinthu zachilengedwe zidasinthidwa ndikutsanzira. Njerwa zopangira kapena zokongoletsera, zomwe ndizopepuka komanso zotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi zoyambirira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse m'zipindazi momwe nyumbayo iyenera "kufinyidwa" mu bajeti yolimba. Kuphimba koteroko sikusiyana ndi kukongola. Kwazitali zamkati, adayamba kupanga mapepala okhala ngati njerwa. Pamalo owonda, zomangamanga zimawonetsedwa mokhulupirika ndi zofooka zake zonse zachilengedwe komanso zovuta.
Zithunzi zojambula pamanja: zabwino pamtambo wachilengedwe
Wallpaper imafaniziridwa bwino ndi njerwa zachilengedwe osati mtengo wokha. Zina mwa zabwino zakuthupi ndi izi:
- Kukhazikika kwa mpweya. Makoma okutidwa ndi Wallpaper "kupuma";
- Easy kupanga ngodya. Zinthuzo zimaweramira paliponse, ndipo njerwa zenizeni zimatha "kutuluka" moipa;
- Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu ndi mitundu. Njerwa wamba imakhala yofiirira-bulauni kapena yoyera. Kuti khoma lifanane ndi chithunzi cha mapangidwe, zomangamanga zimayenera kujambulidwa mumthunzi wofunidwa. Wallpaper imakupulumutsani kuntchito yowonjezerayi;
- Kulemera kopepuka kwa zinthuzo komanso kutha "kugona" pamtunda uliwonse: kuchokera pulasitala mpaka kukhoma la konkriti;
- Njira zosavuta zokongoletsera khoma. Sipadzafunika matope a simenti kapena gulu la ogwira ntchito kuti akonze. Njira yotchuka yam'mbali "yosongoka ndikosavuta kuwonetsa mothandizidwa ndi lumo, mutadula m'mbali mwawo;
- Zosavuta mukalowa m'malo. Chovala chakale chimatha kudulidwa ngati kuli kofunika ndikuphatikizanso ndi chinthu china, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wosintha zokongoletsa pakhoma tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, zida zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mapepala okhala ndi zokutira zapadera amalowa bwino mkati mwa khitchini kapena bafa.
Kuyambira masoka njerwa pa chilichonse mphamvu ya Kutentha dongosolo "kukoka" ozizira. Izi ndizosapeweka pazopangira, zomwe zimayamikiridwa ndendende chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo, achilengedwe. Ndi wallpaper, vutoli silidzabuka konse.
Mitundu ya wallpaper
Ziribe kanthu kapangidwe kake pamwambapa, zojambulazo zimagawika m'magulu malinga ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe agwiritsa ntchito:
- Pepala. Chithunzi chotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso "chosakhazikika". Scuffs amawumba mwachangu, motero nthawi yogwirira ntchito siyidutsa zaka 4-5. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza pamakhitchini ndi m'malo osambiramo okhala ndi pepala. Iwo sali oyenerera kwathunthu chifukwa cha microclimate yawo. Oyenera maholo, zipinda zapansi ndi zipinda za ana. M'malo osangalatsa, zinthuzo ndizofunika chifukwa chaubwenzi komanso chitetezo chake chosatsutsika.
- Osaluka. Nkhaniyi ndiyopepuka komanso imapumira mukamaliza. Nsalu yosaluka sikufufuma ikanyowa ndipo sichepera ikayanika. Tsoka ilo, monga mapepala azithunzi, zithunzi zosaluka sizikhala motalika.
- Akiliriki. Akiliriki opopedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito papepala kapena osaluka pamalangizo. Chosanjikiza chake "chimapuma" ndikuwonetsetsa kuti moyo wawutali wazinthuzo.
- Minofu. Mapeto amawoneka osangalatsa komanso olemera, koma nsalu zidzafunika kusamalidwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa amatola fumbi. Wallpaper sizimayenda bwino ndi khitchini.
- Vinilu. Mwina njira yotchuka kwambiri posachedwa. Mzere wa vinyl wopangidwa ndi thovu wagwiritsidwa ntchito pamunsi. Msika wa zomalizira umapereka zosankha ndi mpumulo komanso malo osalala. Mzere wa vinyl umapereka chithunzicho ndi "moyo wautali". Zinthuzo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakukongoletsa kukhitchini.
- Zitsulo. Chinsalu chapamwamba cha tsambali chimakutidwa ndi mtundu wina wa zojambulazo. Zinthuzo zimawoneka zokongola komanso zodula. Iye samatsanzira zojambula za njerwa, popeza zokongoletsera zamaluwa zimawoneka bwino kwambiri pamtunda wotere.
- Zachilengedwe. Njira yabwino yazipinda zapamwamba. Zomwe zawerengedwazo zimawerengedwa kuti "si aliyense amene angakwanitse", koma mtengo wake umalipidwa ndi kukongola kwa zokutira. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo amodzi okha. Chifukwa chakulimba kwa ma rolls, malumikizowo adzawonekera pakhoma. Zojambulajambula za kork ndi bamboo ndizofala kwambiri. Zinthuzo ndizovuta kukhazikitsa. Wallpaper yovekedwa ndi udzu ndi bango pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "mat" idzakhala njira yachilendo.
- Chithunzi chojambula. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala ndi zojambula kapena zowonekera panja, m'malo mobwerezabwereza. Zosiyanasiyana zotsanzira makoma "akale", pomwe zomangamanga zimaphatikizidwa ndi pulasitala wosweka, ndizofunikira. Pepala la Photowall limasiyanitsidwa ndi tsatanetsatane, ndipo chifukwa chake, zowona za zithunzi zomwe zawonetsedwa.
Mwa mitundu yonse yomwe ili pamwambapa, ma vinyl wallpapers ndi omwe amafunidwa kwambiri. Amakwaniritsa miyezo yabwino ndipo amasangalala ndi diso kwazaka zambiri.
Tiyeni tikhale pamayendedwe mwatsatanetsatane
Njira yoyamba yomwe imabwera m'maganizo mukamanena za khoma la njerwa ndiyokwera kwambiri. Ndondomeko yabwino, yamakampani yomwe ili yokongola komanso yokongola kuposa yomwe idakonzedweratu ndi mafakitale. M'zipinda zopangidwa molingana ndi malamulo a njirayi, khoma la njerwa limawoneka ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Malo omveka bwino omwe asintha kuchoka "pamtunda" kukhala tsatanetsatane wazamkati. Ngati njerwa yajambulidwa ndi imvi, yoyera kapena yakuda, ndiye kuti ukadaulo wamakono umavomerezanso kugwiritsa ntchito. Khoma lamalankhulidwe lidzagogomezera bwino malo okhala ndi chrome ndi "gloss" mchipindacho. Mtundu waku Scandinavia, womwe "ozizira" wakumpoto umawombera, umakhalanso wodekha pazisankho zotere. Apanso, mtundu wa zojambula ndizofunika, ndibwino kuyimitsa kusankha koyera. Neo-Gothic ndi Gothic amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuda kwa zipindazo, zomwe zimatsindika ndi mawonekedwe akutsanzira njerwa zachilengedwe: ndimakona owazidwa ndi "zipsera" zamatope a simenti. Mu minimalism, mapepala opepuka okhala ndi mawonekedwe opumulira amachepetsa kukongoletsa kwa chipinda, komwe kumatha kuwoneka kosasangalatsa.
Mitundu yamitundu, monga mukudziwa, ipirira chilichonse, chifukwa chake mapepala okhala ngati njerwa azigwirizana ndi zokongoletsa zachilendo mchipindacho.
Mayankho amtundu
Ponena za mtundu wamitundu, mapepala amakono amatha kupangidwa pafupifupi mumthunzi uliwonse: kuchokera ku asidi wobiriwira mpaka wofiirira. Zosankha zotere ndizoyenera masitaelo owonjezera pomwe mitundu yowala imawoneka yoyenera. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti makoma oterewa amaphatikizidwa ndi zokongoletsa zochepa, popeza kuchuluka kwa mawu kumasokoneza malingaliro amkati. Zosankha zachilengedwe ndimatabwa a bulauni, oyera, otuwa kapena akuda ndizofunikira kwambiri. Khoma la "njerwa" ndilachilendo palokha, motero ndi bwino kusiya zoyeserera ndi mithunzi pazinthu zina zonse zokongoletsera. Komanso, zinthuzo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- Kutsanzira zomangamanga "zatsopano";
- Mawonekedwe akunyumba amatsatira dongosolo la khoma lakale.
Musaiwale za mawonekedwe amtundu wazipinda zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu zing'onozing'ono, mithunzi yoyera imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo yayikulu, mutha kupita kumidima.
Kusankha kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake
Mwa mawonekedwe, zinthuzo zidagawika m'magulu awiri:
- Yosalala. Iwo sali osiyana ndi zithunzi zachikale;
- Embossed. Poyendetsa dzanja lanu pamtunda, mutha kumva "kukhathamira" kwa njerwa pansi pa zala zanu ndi malo olumikizirana mafupa pomwe simenti iyenera kukhala yoyambirira.
Zojambula zosalala zitha kukhala matte kapena zonyezimira. Kuwala kwa "lacquered" kwa omalizira nthawi yomweyo kudzakhala kotsanzira, chifukwa chake, lingalirani za izi posintha zamkati mwanjira yokwezeka, yomwe imakondabe njerwa zachilengedwe. Komanso, zojambulazo zitha kukhala ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ndi tating'ono. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi njerwa zazing'ono m'zipinda zocheperako, zoterezi zimadzaza malowa.
Zosankha zamkati
Zithunzi za "Brick" ndizosunthika. Ngati musankha zoyambira zoyenera, ndiye kuti chovalacho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukongoletsa malo aliwonse. Zomwe zoseweredwa bwino zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe azithunzi zidzakhala mawu akulu mchipinda. Pankhaniyi, zilibe kanthu kuti adziphatika pamwamba pa makoma kapena magawo awo ang'onoang'ono, zipilala, zingwe.
Mu holo
Panjira yolembera, nthawi zambiri amadzipachika kukhoma pafupi ndi khomo lakumaso ndi mapepala azithunzi za njerwa kutsanzira m'mbali. Zipinda zenizeni sizimasiyana pamitundu yayikulu, chifukwa chake, sikuti tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidutse ndi mawonekedwe amdima. Mutha kuyika khoma limodzi mwamitengo yayitali ndi "njerwa". Collage yazithunzi zakuda ndi zoyera zofananira, zomwe zimapachikidwa mzere, zikhala zowonjezera zowonjezera. Makoma ena onse atsirizidwa ndi pulasitala wowala, chidwi chawo ndi kuphweka kwake zomwe zidzagogomezera kamvekedwe ka "njerwa".
Pabalaza
Pabalaza, mothandizidwa ndi khoma lamatchulidwe "njerwa", mutha kusankha malo osiyana: ngodya yowerengera kapena malo ogwirira ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala oterewa muzipinda zophatikizira ndikofunikira, monga kugawa malo awiri. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwira pazipango za plasterboard zokongoletsa. Musaiwale za kuyatsa, komwe kumapangitsa khoma lanjerwa losavuta kukhala malo ochititsa chidwi mchipindacho.
M'khitchini
Kakhitchini, thewera kapena khoma nthawi zambiri limakongoletsedwa ndi "njerwa" zamapepala, pafupi ndi malo odyera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu wachilengedwe "wofiira" sungakulitse njala, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mithunzi yopepuka. M'makhitchini otakasuka, mapepala amdima pakhoma ndi mawindo, omwe amaphatikizidwa nawo m'mphepete, adzakhala yankho labwino. Kutseguka kumaphimbidwa ndi nsalu zotchinga zopanda mawonekedwe, kutsimikizira kupindika ndi kuwuma kwa mkati.
Kuchipinda
M'zipinda zogona, khoma lamalankhulidwe nthawi zambiri limapezeka pamutu pa kama. Kupatula kumatha kukhala zipinda zomwe ndizitali zazitali, momwe bedi limayikidwa pakona yakutali. Kupereka kwa chipinda chogona kuyenera kukhala kothandiza kupumula, kugona, bata. Kuti musasokoneze mgwirizano wamlengalenga, pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala otsanzira njerwa zamdima. Zofewa, zotsogola zamtunduwu zimathandizira kupanga kupepuka mkati. Njerwa ziyeneranso kukhala zaukhondo, popanda zizindikiro zoonekeratu za "chiwonongeko". Zotsatirazi ndizofunikira pamawonekedwe okha omwe amakhalabe ndi malingaliro amakedzedwe akale. Chitsanzo chawo chachikulu ndi Provence, koma amakonda kupaka utoto woyera.
M'chipinda cha ana
Zithunzi za njerwa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zipinda zaunyamata. Monga lamulo, pazaka izi ana (makamaka anyamata) amalakalaka nyumba zankhanza ndi zovuta. Achinyamata amathokoza chipinda chachi Gothic kapena chipinda chapamwamba kwambiri chamakono. Omalizawa abweretsa mayanjano omwe akupitilizabe ndi zida za malo omwera komanso malo omvera nyimbo, omwe adzakhala "kuphatikiza" kwina pamasitayilo. Kwa atsikana, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe njira yachikondi kwambiri, pomwe mapepala ake azipaka utoto wofewa: pichesi, pinki, zoyera.
Kutsiliza
Masitaelo amakono amaphatikiza mwaluso malo achilengedwe ndi kuphweka kwa mkati. M'malingaliro a munthu mzaka zapitazi, lingaliro la "wokongola" lasintha ndikukhala mozondoka. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimayesedwa kubisala ndikutseka tsopano zawonetsedwa ngati chitsanzo chomveka cha mayankho osavomerezeka omwe abwera mu mafashoni. Ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi njerwa. M'mbuyomu, izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi "zovutirapo", popanga zokongoletsa amagwiritsa ntchito mapepala okongola, pulasitala, utoto, matabwa. Tsopano njerwa ndiyotchuka kwambiri kotero kuti iwo omwe alibe mwayi "wokometsa" makoma awo amatengera zomwe amatsanzira. Kumbukirani kuti mawonekedwe akunyumba amakhala "osindikiza" mchipindacho (zosiyapo zokha ndizoyera komanso zotuwa), chifukwa chake simuyenera kuphimba chipinda chonsecho ndewu zotere. Mkati mwake mudzawoneka ngati kosakoma komanso koyipa. Makoma apakamwa ndi malo abwino njerwa m'zipinda.
