Ndi munthu wamtundu wanji yemwe ali ndi "hacienda" wakumtunda samalota za dimba labwino, komwe sipadzakhala zipatso zokha, komanso zokongola zokongola? Zitsamba zodulidwa bwino, mitengo yokongola ya mundawo, yomwe ili mozungulira kanyumba kakang'ono kapena kanyumba kakang'ono ka m'midzi, ipangitsa kuti pakhale kupumula patatha masiku otanganidwa, kudzakhala kunyada kwa eni ake, nkhani yakusilira kwa "oyera" kwa oyandikana nawo.
Udindo wa mitengo yokongola, zitsamba m'minda
Zomera zokongoletsera ndizomwe zimasowa m'mayendedwe omwe amangokhalira kukolola. Komabe, udindo wawo ndi wawukulu kwambiri:
- azikongoletsa malowa, apatseni mawonekedwe owoneka bwino;
- machulukitsidwe a chilengedwe ndi mpweya, mayamwidwe mpweya woipa;
- kutulutsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunikira mlengalenga;
- mukamabzala pafupi ndi tsambalo - kuteteza anthu, zipatso kuchokera ku fumbi, kuipitsa mpweya;
- patsiku lotentha, korona wandiweyani wamitengo ibisa eni ake a dacha mumthunzi wawo kutentha kwa chilimwe;
- "Hedge" idzateteza malowa ndi mpanda wotsika kapena thumba kuti asayang'ane;
- Zitsamba zokongola zokongola pampanda sizilola kuti mphepo yamphamvu isokoneze mbewu zamasamba ndi mabulosi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakondweretsa diso m'njira zosiyanasiyana - ina ikamatulutsa maluwa, ina - kuyambira pomwe masamba amawonekera mpaka kugwa, ndipo ma conifers - pafupifupi chaka chonse.
Mitengo iti yobzala: sankhani chisankho
Kusankhidwa kwa mitengo yokongoletsa yoyenera kumadalira nyengo, deralo, kukula kwa munda, zokonda za eni munda, komanso kuthekera kwawo pazachuma. Kwa madera ozizira akumpoto, ndibwino kukhala ndi mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu - mitundu yakumwera iyenera kupangidwanso, ndipo ili ndi vuto losafunikira, makamaka mitengo ikakhala yambiri. M'madera ofunda, kusankha kwa zomera zoyenera ndikokulirapo pang'ono, koma mitundu ina imakhala yovuta kwambiri pakapangidwe ka nthaka, acidity, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, komwe ndikofunikira makamaka kumadera ouma.
Mitengo italiitali yokhala ndi zisoti zachifumu zazikulu imayikidwa m'malo akulu, otakasuka, koma m'malo ochepa njirayi ndi yosavomerezeka - mitundu yotere imatha kusanja malowo pafupifupi, kutetezera yaying'ono kuti isamakule bwino.
Anthu ena m'nyengo yotentha amakhala ndi mitengo yotsika, yomwe imakhala yachilendo - amakhala kunja ndi nyengo yachisanu.
Kusankha mitengo ndi magawo am'munda
Mitengo yokongoletsera imagawidwa motere:
- otsika pansi - osakwana mamita 10. Izi zikuphatikizapo: birch warty, birch wa Jung, hawthorn wonyezimira, phulusa lolira, mapulo owoneka ngati kanjedza, mthethe wachikaso, Japan quince, mlombwa wa dahurian, nyemba;
- wapakatikati - pafupifupi 10-15 mita kutalika. Izi ndi monga: mapulo wobiriwira, mapulo achi Tatar, Western thuja, phulusa wamba paphiri, msondodzi wolira, birch wolira;
- wamtali - osachepera 15 m wamtali. Izi ndi monga: thundu, linden, spruce wamba, mabokosi, nkhalango zam'nkhalango, mapulo ndege.
Zomera zazitali zazitali zimapanga mamvekedwe ofukula amlengalenga, mawonekedwe azithunzi zazithunzi zitatu, amapereka mthunzi wambiri, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo. Kwa ziwembu zazing'ono, ngakhale mitengo ya mita itatu kapena inayi izikhala yayitali, yayikulu - yayikulu-25-30 mita. Monga gawo la nyimbo zosiyanasiyana, mitengo yazodziwika bwino imagwiritsidwanso ntchito - osapitilira 1.5 mita kutalika. Akatswiri amalangiza kuphatikiza njira zingapo m'munda wanu, ndikupanga malo osiyanasiyananso.
Mitengo ya mitengo
Zomera zonse zokongoletsera zimagawika:
- conifers - mbewu zawo zimakula, zipse mumayendedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yambiriyi imakhala ndi masamba ofananirako ndi singano zazitali zazitali, makulidwe kapena opanda zokutira; mitundu ina, masamba ake amakhala osalala, owuma;
- zokometsera - maluwa ndi masamba a petulo. Masambawo ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kubiriwira wobiriwira mpaka kufiira kofiira. Masamba amayamba pachimake masika ndikufota ndikugwa nthawi yophukira;
- Zokongoletsa zipatso - mitundu yazipatso za zipatso, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali, zipatso zazing'ono, masamba okongola;
- mitundu yachilendo ndi mitundu yomwe imatumizidwa kunja, nthawi zambiri siyimasinthidwa kutengera nyengo yapakatikati. Nthawi zambiri amafunika malo ogona pakagwa nyengo yozizira.
Conifers
Wopanda ulemu, wamtali kwambiri, ngakhale mitundu ing'onoing'ono imapezekanso, imatha kukula bwino panthaka iliyonse.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu yodziwika kwambiri yomwe ili ndi mayina:
- juniper - imamera m'malo owala bwino kapena amithunzi yapakatikati, imakonda dothi lolowetsa chinyezi, lowala, lotayirira. Kutsekeka kwamadzi kwamphamvu sikulekerera bwino, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri kumabzalidwa m'malo otsetsereka, m'miyala, pamabedi akutali. Zosiyanasiyana: Chitchaina - ili ndi mtundu wamkuwa wachikaso, kutalika mpaka mita ziwiri, yopingasa - masingano abuluu, imakulira mpaka 50 cm, scaly - imakula m'lifupi, kutalika pafupifupi 30 cm;
- paini - imakula bwino kumadera otentha, amchenga, salola kulepheretsa madzi kwambiri. Pali mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yaying'ono. Mitundu yotchuka ndi phiri lapaini lokhala ndi singano zobiriwira zachikasu, patatha zaka khumi limakula osapitilira theka la mita, limazizira bwino pansi pa chipale chofewa;
- spruce - zitsanzo zabwino zimakula m'malo onyowa, koma osadutsa, madambwe. Mitundu: wamba - wokhala ndi singano zobiriwira zakuda, m'zaka 10 amakula mpaka 2 m, kulira - nthambi zazitali zimagwera pansi bwino, chomera chachikulire sichiposa mamitala asanu ndi atatu, prickly - utoto wonyezimira, chomera chachikulire chimafika mamita atatu;
- fir - imafuna nthaka yachonde, yolekerera mthunzi kwambiri, imakula pang'onopang'ono, koma imatha kufikira 20-50 m Mtundu - kuchokera kubiriwira lakuda kupita ku siliva. Mitundu yotchuka ndi Arizona, Balsamic, Korea;
- thuja - imakula bwino pamtunda wosasunthika, wonyowa, wokhala ndi nthaka, osawonongeka ndi tizirombo, uli ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi. Chofala kwambiri ndi Canada, chipeso, elegantissima.
Zovuta
Zowonongeka ndizokongoletsa kwambiri, zokhala ndi masamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe. Oyimira apadera:
- Mapulo a Manchurian - okwera mpaka 20 m, yopyapyala, chomera cha uchi wabwino, choyambirira chimatumizidwa kuchokera ku Far East. Masamba a trifoliate amakhala obiriwira nthawi yotentha, ofiira-lalanje nthawi yophukira. Amakonda dzuwa, nthaka yachonde, koma yosagwira chilala, yosazizira;
- mapulo a siliva - amakula mpaka 35-40 metres, osazizira, osakanikirana, amakula mwachangu, amafunika chinyezi chambiri. Masamba ndi lobed zisanu, wobiriwira chilimwe, wachikasu, wofiira lalanje, burgundy m'dzinja. Mapulo amayamba kuphuka masamba asanatuluke;
- fluffy birch - wodzichepetsa, wosazizira chisanu, wosagwira mphepo, amakonda nthaka yonyowa. Korona wake ndi wotambalala, pafupifupi thunthu lonse ndi loyera. Mbewu ndizopepuka, zimafalikira mwachangu pamtunda wautali, mphukira zatsopano - ndi fluff;
- birch wouma, kapena warty, - kutalika kwa mamitala oposa 35, kulimbana ndi chilala, kumakula bwino m'malo otentha ndi achinyezi. Korona akulira, kutseguka, masamba ake amakhala obiriwira nthawi yotentha, achikaso nthawi yophukira.
Zipatso zokongola
Mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa, yosinthidwa bwino nyengo yozizira, imatha kukonza bwino kanyumba kachilimwe, ngakhale kuwononga pang'ono zokolola ndi zipatso za zipatso.
Chofala kwambiri:
- Mtengo wa apulo wokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono - wotsika: umakula mpaka mamitala 6-10, amadziwika ndi kulimba kwachisanu, amakonda nthaka yosalowerera ndale. Korona ikufalikira, masamba ake ndi ovunda, obiriwira nthawi yotentha, ofiira-lalanje nthawi yophukira. Maluwa ndi oyera-pinki, zipatso ndizochepa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiira;
- Kiku-Shidare chitumbuwa kapena sakura - amakonda dzuwa, malo abata, malo opatsa thanzi pang'ono. Kutalika mamita atatu kapena asanu ndi limodzi, nthambi zikulendewera pansi, masamba obiriwira obiriwira nthawi yotentha, lalanje-chikasu nthawi yophukira. Amamasula kwambiri ndi maluwa akuluakulu a pinki, zipatso zazing'ono;
- msondodzi wolira peyala - wosakakamira nthaka, kutalika - mpaka mamita atatu, masamba a silvery, omwe nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira, maluwa oyera, zipatso zosadyeka, zazing'ono. Masamba, zipatso zimasungidwa pamtengo m'nyengo yozizira.
Mitengo yachilendo
Mitunduyi idabweretsedwa makamaka kuchokera kumayiko otentha, ambiri azolowera nyengo yakomweko, ena onse amafunika "kutentha" ngati nyengo yozizira ikuyembekezeka.
Mitundu yakukula kwambiri:
- Ash's magnolia imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, imakonda nthaka yothira bwino, yotentha, dzuwa, malo odekha. Imakula mpaka 6-7 mita kutalika. Mtundu wa masambawo umachokera ku mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka wotuwa, maluwawo ndi akulu - mpaka 30 cm m'mimba mwake, oyera;
- Mtengo wofiira waku Japan kapena mkate wa ginger - umakula bwino m'malo owala bwino, koma kuwotcha kumatheka chifukwa cha dzuwa. Amakonda nthaka yonyowa, ya acidic pang'ono. Masamba owoneka ngati mtima, satini wobiriwira nthawi yamasika, wofiirira wagolide nthawi yophukira;
- Kuyika tekoma-kampsis - kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, kumafuna kuthirira kambiri, kosatha, liana yokhala ndi mizu yakumlengalenga, yomwe imakhazikika pakuthandizira kulikonse. Kutalika 5-15 mita, maluwa - belu woboola pakati, wachikaso kapena wofiira-lalanje;
- brugmansia onunkhira - amakonda nthaka "yamafuta", kuwala kochuluka, sikusiyana ndi kukana kwa chisanu - imafuna pogona pokhazikika m'nyengo yozizira kapena ikukula m'miphika, kutalika mpaka mita inayi mpaka isanu. Maluwa - mpaka 30 cm, mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira.
Kulimbana ndi chisanu kwa mitengo
Mitundu yokongoletsa chisanu ndi iyi ndi:
- Birch ya Doorenbos ndiye birch yoyera kwambiri yazokonda kwambiri, ndiyabwino nthaka yoberekera yapakatikati. Masamba ndi aakulu, maluwa ndi ochuluka, osadziwika, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 15;
- Mapulo achi Norway of Red Red - okonda dzuwa, osakakamira nthaka, koma samalandira madambo. Kutalika - mpaka 20 m, masamba - zazitali zisanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri, ofiira masika, ofiira ofiira nthawi yophukira;
- Rowan wamba - wopirira mthunzi, amakula pafupifupi dothi lililonse lotayirira. Amakula mpaka 5-10 mita, masamba a nthenga, maluwa ang'onoang'ono, oyera-achikasu, zipatso ngati mabulosi.
Mitundu yambiri yazodzikongoletsera
Zitsamba zimasiyana ndi mitengo kukula kwake, ndi udzu - pamaso pa zimayambira zake.
Mitundu Yotchuka:
- Japan quince ndiyofunikira, yopirira chilala, imakonda dothi lopepuka, chinyezi chamkati. Pamphepo yoopsa kwambiri, pamafunika pogona. Zipatso ndi zachikasu, sizimapsa kumadera ozizira;
- forsythia - imakula bwino m'malo otentha, dothi lowala bwino, limamasula masamba asanawonekere, maluwa ndi achikaso, ang'ono;
- scumpia - imamera panthaka zachonde, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi mita zitatu, nthawi yotentha masamba ake ndi obiriwira, pofika nthawi yophukira - wachikasu-lalanje kapena chofiira kwambiri cha burgundy. Maluwa ndi oyera-pinki kapena achikasu oyera;
- fieldfare - imakula panthaka yopepuka, imakhala yopanga zithunzi zambiri, imafanana ndi phulusa lamapiri mumaluwa ndi masamba, pofika nthawi yophukira masamba amasintha kuchokera kubiriwira kukhala golide.
Malamulo oyambira kukula, chisamaliro
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera imafunikira mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana kuti ikule bwino, kuteteza kukongoletsa. Malangizo ofunikira:
- kapangidwe ka korona kuyambira chaka choyamba cha moyo;
- kudulira ukhondo pachaka;
- nthawi yachaka - njereza yoteteza ku kuwala kwa dzuwa;
- tizilombo ndi matenda opopera mankhwala;
- kukhazikitsa misampha ya hares, mbewa;
- kudyetsa koyenera kukula bwino, zipatso;
- kuthirira pafupipafupi chilala, kutentha;
- kugwa - odzola odzipereka, masamba owola;
- m'nyengo yozizira - kugwedeza chisanu kuchokera ku nthambi, kubisala mitundu yosagwira chisanu.
Mfundo zokhazikitsira mitengo m'munda, kuphatikiza kwawo ndi mbewu zina
Magulu otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza dimba:
- muyezo - kawirikawiri wapakatikati kapena wotsika, wokhala ndi korona pafupi ndi mpira wowoneka;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakulira;
- zipatso zazing'ono, mitengo yodula;
- hybrids.
Mitengo imakonzedwa m'mizere imodzi kapena iwiri, umodzi ndi umodzi, malinga ndi mtundu winawake, m'magulu amitundu yofananira yamitundu yomweyo. Mutha kupanga zotchedwa bosquettes - mini-groves, yomwe, mothandizidwa ndi kumeta tsitsi, imapangidwa kukhala "mipanda yamoyo" yolimba, imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya coniferous komanso yotsutsa.
Pamaso pa malo akuluakulu, mitengo ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tapeworm - zomera zokonda kuwala zomwe zimabzalidwa pamalo otseguka. Nthawi zambiri amagawa thunthu kuti mtengowo ukhale wolimba ngati momwe zingathere, kufalikira, ndikubzala pang'ono. Nthawi zina, wamaluwa, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera, amapanga mawonekedwe ozungulira, ozungulira, ambulera, pyramidal, korona wolira. Nthawi zambiri - mbewu zingapo zofanana zimabzalidwa pafupi ndi zina ndi zina, pang'onopang'ono zimakula limodzi, kuchokera patali zimawoneka ngati chimodzi.
Ndikofunikanso kuphatikiza molingana ndi malo obiriwira - sizomera zonse ndi abwenzi. Mwachitsanzo, jasmine, lilac, fir, chestnut yamahatchi imasokoneza kukula kwa mapeyala, maapulo, ndipo ndibwino kuti musabzale china chilichonse pafupi ndi mulberries, sea buckthorns. Mbewu zambiri za zipatso sizimalekerera oyandikana nawo ndi birch, mapulo, ma conifers ambiri. Pine, spruce, ndi fir zimalimbitsa nthaka kwambiri, yomwe ndi yosavomerezeka pamitengo yamiyala ndi mitundu ya pome. Ngati pali thundu, msondodzi, popula m'munda, masamba awo akugwa ayenera kuchotsedwa asanayambe kuwola. Mitundu ina yamitengo imakhala ndi ma phytotoxin omwe amatulutsidwa mlengalenga - kukhala opanda vuto kwa anthu, amawononga kwambiri zomera zina.
Ngakhale mitengo yamtundu womwewo imatha kutetezana kuti imere pakukula ndikukula kwambiri kwa zokolola, chifukwa chake, kukula, mawonekedwe a korona, ndi mizu yamtundu wina wake imaganiziridwa.
Kutsiliza
Mitengo yamitengo yokongola komanso yopanda tanthauzo, tchire limakongoletsa, limakongoletsa malo aliwonse anyumba, ndikulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito kanyumba kanyengo osati kungokumba mbatata, kupalira kaloti, kupopera mbewu tomato, komanso kupumula bwino, ndikupanga magawo oyambira apanyumba motsutsana ndi "zokongoletsa" akukula ndi manja awo.
