Nyumba yosanja si malo osanjikizidwa okha, koma gawo lapadera la nyumbayo. Chofunika chake ndikuti kudenga ndi makoma nthawi yomweyo denga la nyumbayo. Gawo la magawowa limakhala ndi malo otsetsereka; zotseguka pazenera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezekanso. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta zina mukakongoletsa chipinda, mwachitsanzo, zimakhala zovuta kusankha makatani oyenera a windows dormer.
Makhalidwe osankha makatani azenera la padenga
Kapangidwe kazitseko zenera m'chipinda cham'mwamba ndizovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa poyerekeza ndi kukongoletsa nyumba zofananira zomwe zili muzipinda wamba. Kukonza makatani, makatani kapena khungu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yovomerezeka sikugwira ntchito. Pali mfundo zingapo zofunika kuziganizira pano, izi:
- ngodya ya khoma;
- miyeso kutsegula;
- mawonekedwe ake;
- njira yotsegulira zitseko.
Makatani okhala padenga amasiyana ndi mitundu yazikhalidwe. Ayenera kunyamula osati zokongoletsa zokha, komanso kugwira ntchito yothandiza, kuteteza ku dzuwa, ndikukhala ndi njira yosavuta yowongolera. Posankha nsalu yoyenera, choyambirira, muyenera kulabadira kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwake. Muyeneranso kuganizira zotsatirazi:
- Kwa mawindo oyang'ana kumwera, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito makatani osanjikiza owoneka bwino.
- Zida zopendekera, ngakhale zili mbali yamthunzi, zimapereka kuwala kochuluka, ndiye kuti chinsalu choyikiracho chiyenera kukhala cholimba.
- Makatani osavuta opepuka amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa tebulo kapena panja pazenera (nyumba za mbalame).
- Akatswiri amalangiza kuti asankhe nsalu zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito kusoka makatani omwe samakopa fumbi komanso amakhala ndi zokutira zonyansa.
- Chinsalu chomwe chidayikidwacho chiyenera kufanana ndi zenera.
- Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu amasankhidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe komwe kulipo.
Malo ndi mawonekedwe awindo
Mawindo apadenga ali ndi mawonekedwe ambiri. Amasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, chimango chitha kupangidwa ndi matabwa, pulasitiki, zotayidwa. Pali mitundu yazowongolera ndi zodziwikiratu malinga ndi njira yoyamba. Kutengera njira yakomweko komanso kapangidwe kake, pali:
- Kukonda. Mabwalo otseguka omwe amapezeka pamapiri otsetsereka.
- Chimon Wachirawit Ruangwiwat Izi ndizosiyana pazamoyo zam'mbuyomu. Mawindo oterewa amatchedwanso kuphatikiza. Kapangidwe kake kamene kamagwirizira mawindo a beveled ndi ofukula.
- Khonde kapena mawindo osintha. Awa ndi machitidwe okonda kusintha omwe, akatsegulidwa, amasandulika khonde laling'ono.
- Zowonjezera. Kusiyana kwawo kokha kuchokera kuzinthu zoyenera ndi kupezeka kwa zokongoletsera, zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amakona atatu kapena semicircle.
- Chidutswa. Izi ndi mitundu iliyonse yomwe ili pamunsi pa nyumbayi.
- Ngalande yopepuka. Subpecies iyi ili ndi dongosolo lapadera. Dome lake limayikidwa padenga, chitoliro chowongolera chowunikira chimalumikizidwa nacho, kumapeto kwake komwe kumalowa mchipinda.
- "Cuckoos" kapena "nyumba zodyetsera mbalame". Ndiwootchera nyumba zapadera okhala ndi mawindo ofukula.
Chofunikira china chotsegula zenera pazenera ndikukula ndi mawonekedwe. Mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yosasinthika ndi awa:
- Amakona atatu. Zoyikapo zazikulu zimayikidwa pazitsulo. Pakukongoletsa, makatani okhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, okhazikika pambali imodzi kapena ziwiri zopendekeka, zoyikidwa mbali zakumtunda kwa kansalu kapatako. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito tulle, makatani okhala ndi zingwe zoyikika pazipangika zokhazikika.
- Zamgululi Zokongoletsa zawo zimapangidwa ndi kufanana ndi mtundu wakale. Makatani nthawi zambiri amapachikidwa pa chimanga chapadera chomwe chimabwereza chithunzi cha kumtunda kwa chiwerengerocho. Ngati simukufunika kusintha makatani, mutha kuyitanitsa tulle ya mawonekedwe apadera, omwe adzabwerezenso zigawo za kumapeto kwa khoma.
- Round. Makatani ndi ma lambrequins sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsegulira. Njira yabwino ndiyopukutira kapena khungu wamba. Makatani owala okhala ndi zotchinga zapadera komanso makatani a thonje amawoneka bwino.
- Arched. Pofuna kutsindika kuti ndizoyambira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chimanga cham'madzi chomwe chimabwereza kuzungulira kwa chipilalacho, popachika zotchingira ndi zingwe m'mbali.
- Zazikulu. Mutha kupachika nsalu yotchinga yopangidwa ndi zinthu zopepuka, kuonjezerapo ndi makatani okhala ndi lambrequin.
- Kudenga. Roma, zokutira khungu, kapena khungu pa nsidze zokhazikika pamitanda iwiri (kumtunda ndi kumunsi) ziziwoneka bwino.
Mitundu yamakatani a denga
Makatani ndi amodzi mwa zokongoletsa zamkati. Ndi chithandizo chawo, kukhazikika kumapangidwa mchipinda. Amagwira ntchito yokongoletsa, amakulolani kusintha kuyatsa m'chipindacho. Pali mitundu ingapo yazithunzi, yosiyana ndi kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake, utoto wake. Komabe, si mitundu yonse yomwe ili yoyenera pazenera zadenga, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe apadera ndipo zimapezeka pakona.
Nthawi zina kufunafuna mtundu woyenera kumatenga nthawi yochuluka komanso khama, zina zimayenera kuchitidwa ndi manja. Kuti muchepetse mtengo, muyenera kuganizira mitundu yazitsulo zomwe ndizoyenera kupanga zenera zosazolowereka, fufuzani kuti ndi nsalu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'zipinda zosiyanasiyana momwe amafunira (nazale, chipinda chogona, pabalaza, khitchini). Pokhapokha ngati izi zitheka kusankha bwino, kukongoletsa bwino kutseguka kwachilendo.
Jalousie
Akhungu ndi mtundu wa mthunzi wazenera. Chida choteteza kuwala chimakhala ndi lamellas yokhazikika pa chimanga chapadera. Ma slats amatha kuzungulira, potero amateteza ku kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndikugawa mozungulira mchipinda chonse. Kusintha kuchokera pamalo otseguka mpaka kutsekedwa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholamulira. Unyolo umakulolani kuti mukweze chinsalu.
Osati mitundu yonse ndiyabwino kutseguka kopanda chipinda. Mitundu yopingasa yokha yolumikizidwa pazenera pazenera yomwe ingayikidwe pano. Zida zopangidwa ndi zotayidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, osagwiritsa ntchito ma slats apulasitiki. Kuwongolera kumatha kuchitidwa pamakina kapena mosavuta. Kwa mawindo osakhala oyenera, odziwika bwino nyumba zazing'ono zakunyumba, nyumba zamatabwa, zomangidwa ndi arched zapangidwa.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa khungu ndi zinthu wamba ndi njira yapadera yolumikizira windows yomwe ili pangodya. Kusunga nsalu yotchinga pa lamba, osapachikika kapena kugwa, amagwiritsa ntchito malangizo apadera.
Wachiroma
Chophimba choterechi chimatchedwanso nsalu zachi Greek kapena nsalu zaku Roma. Makatani achiroma amakhala ndi chimanga chapadera chokhala ndi nsalu yolumikizidwa, kumapeto kwake komwe kumalumikizidwa cholemera. Nsalu yonseyo imagawidwa m'magawo ofanana, ndipo gawo lililonse limasiyanitsidwa ndi thumba lazingwe, momwe amalowetsamo timitengo. Ndizoyika zolimba zomwe zimathandizira kuti zinthuzo zipindike zikakwezedwa.
Pazenera zomwe zili pambali pa dzuwa, kapena kutsetsereka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe nsalu yolimba, yamithunzi - yopepuka. Adzakongoletsa malo aliwonse omwe amafunidwa, okhala ndi chipinda chapamwamba. Adzawoneka bwino mchipinda, nazale, pabalaza. Zitha kuphatikizidwanso ndi mitundu ina ya nsalu, monga tulle kapena nsalu.
Pereka
Akhungu ndi otchuka kwambiri. Amakhala ndi shaft, nsalu yansalu, wothandizira, maupangiri, chida chowongolera. Msonkhano, zopangidwa zonse zimagawika m'magulu awiri akulu: ndi njira yotseguka, yotseka. Lamulo ikuchitika ntchito unyolo, chofukizira kasupe, ndi magetsi. Ndi mtundu wa chinsalu, amadziwika: mitundu yowonekera, mdima, mdima, usana ndi usiku.
Kwa ma skylights, mitundu yopachika yaulere siyabwino, ndimakhaseti okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, omwe amangiriridwa ndi lamba wokha. Ndizoyenera kutsegula ndi kupendekera ndikusintha mawindo. Nsalu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zitha kukhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe. Sikovuta kusankha chinthu choyenera mkatikati. Zojambula izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi nsalu yotchinga.
Zolimba
Mawuni owala bwino ali ndi zitsogozo zapadera zomwe zimawagwirizira pazenera. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuti amapangidwa ndi nsalu zokutira kapena pepala, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi mbiri ya aluminiyamu mbali zonse ziwiri. Chotsekeracho chimakhazikika pamlingo uliwonse, chimatha kutseka lamba kuchokera kumtunda kapena pansi, pakati. Dongosolo loyang'anira limakupatsani mwayi wosintha kuyatsa m'chipindacho.
Kuphatikiza pazinthu zomangika, mitundu yokhazikika, mafani ndi ma roll amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Makatani otere amatha kupachikidwa pamawindo a bevelled, arched, trapezoidal, triangular ndi machitidwe ena osafunikira. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zomangika pabalaza. Zimagwirizana bwino ndi makatani ndi nsalu. M'chipinda chogona, khungu losalala usiku ndiloyenera, lomwe silikusowa makatani amzanu.
Makatani
Kupanga makatani ofewa kuchokera ku nsalu yopyapyala yopepuka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsalu zopepuka imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pazinthu izi, organza, silika, tulle, chophimba, chiffon ndi mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amalola mpweya kudutsa bwino ndipo amatsukidwa mosavuta ndi kuipitsidwa. Zogulitsa palokha sizingateteze chipinda kuti chisalowemo, nthawi zambiri zimapachikidwa limodzi ndi makatani ena.
Pali mitundu ingapo yamakatani otere. Makatani amisili, nsalu zotchinga, swagi amadziwika mawonekedwe. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa zithunzithunzi, mitundu yonse imagawika tsamba limodzi, tsamba limodzi. Zogulitsazo zidagawika malinga ndi kutalika: kupachika pansi, kuphimba zenera lonse kapena gawo limodzi. Mukakongoletsa zowala zakuthambo, zimakhazikika pa chimanga, ndipo zopangira zapadera zimayikidwa kukhoma kwa khoma.
Makatani
Makatani ndi nsalu zopangidwa ndi mitundu yolimba ya nsalu. Ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, amakongoletsa mkatikati, amateteza chipinda kuti chisalowe mu dzuwa. Linen, jacquard, velvet, satin, velor, viscose, tapestry, ndi nsalu zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito posoka. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zolemera zimasokedwa ndi akalowa. Zingwe ziwiri zonse zokhazikika komanso ziwiri, zosunthika mosiyanasiyana, zimapachikidwa pazenera.
Makatani amtundu wa volumetric amakongoletsedwa ndimakola ndi ma lambrequins. Mtundu uwu ndiwabwino kuposa ena omwe amatha kutsindika utoto ndi kapangidwe ka chipinda. Zogulitsazo zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya nsalu. Kuti mumukhazike m'chipinda chapamwamba, sankhani zinthu zomwe sizikutha padzuwa. Mukakwera pakhoma lopindika, magudumu awiri, osagwiritsa ntchito chimanga nthawi zambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito zotseguka pazenera zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma clamp apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuzimitsa
Uwu ndi mtundu wapadera wa nsalu womwe sulowetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndi chinsalu chosanjikiza katatu. Magawo akunja amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola ndipo ndiosangalatsa kukhudza. Mkati - wopangidwa ndi ulusi wakuda wa polyester womwe umatengera kuwala. Chinsalu chimatha kujambulidwa mumtundu uliwonse, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, otukuka. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makatani, Chiroma, Chijapani, makatani okutidwa, komanso kupindika.
Chovalacho sichiyenera okonda chilichonse chachilengedwe, chifukwa ndi nsalu yopanga yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ubwino wake waukulu ndikutulutsa phokoso pang'ono, kuthekera kopangitsa kumverera usiku masana. Yabwino kukongoletsa chipinda chogona, imakupatsani mwayi woti mudzipatule kudziko lakunja, kusangalala ndi kupumula kwa tsiku limodzi.
Zakuthupi
Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala m'malo opindirana nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse mchipinda choterocho - osazimirira padzuwa, zosavuta kuyeretsa, kukhazikitsa mosavuta. Kwa windows, zinthu zamtunduwu zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Pepala. Yankho losagwirizana ndi bajeti. Makatani opindika amatha kupangidwa ndi inu nokha. Kukula kwa sitepe ya accordion kumasankhidwa kutengera kukula kwa kutsegula.
- Bamboo. Makina opepuka opangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe amawoneka oyamba komanso owonjezera. Amadzaza mchipindamo ndi kutentha kwa nkhuni komanso fungo lokoma mukatenthedwa.
- Pulasitiki. Ma slats othandiza ali oyenera pazenera la denga la mulingo uliwonse ndi mawonekedwe. Zida zolimba ndizosavuta kusamalira ndi kuyeretsa.
- Zachitsulo. Makina osatha amateteza kwambiri ku dzuwa lotentha, koma amatenthetsa mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu, ndikuwonjezera kutentha m'chipindacho.
- Nsalu. Makatani opangidwa ndi zinthu zazing'ono zilizonse zimapangitsa kuti mkatimo mukhale wokongola komanso wathunthu. Chosankha chazenera ichi chimangokhala chotseguka chowonekera.
Mawonekedwe amitundu
Akakongoletsa mawindo pansi padenga, opanga amapangira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yopepuka. Makamaka ngati chipinda sichikhala chachikulu. Njirayi ithandizira kuti denga lisadziwike bwino, kuyika bwino matchulidwe mchipindacho mothandizidwa ndi mipando, zomalizira pamwamba.
Zipinda zazikulu zokhala ndi zitseko zazikulu zimatha kukongoletsedwa ndi makatani akuda kapena khungu. Zinthuzo siziyenera kupatula kulowa kwa masana, kotero makatani olemera sangagwire ntchito. Zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena mitundu ziziwoneka bwino. Kusindikiza zithunzi, zokongoletsa zenizeni zimawoneka zosangalatsa.
Maonekedwe
Kukonzekera kwa chipinda chapamwamba kumatha kuonedwa kuti ndichabwino ngati zenera zenera zikugwirizana ndi mkati mwake. Mtundu wa khungu kapena nsalu zotchinga mwachindunji zimatengera kapangidwe ka chipinda. Kukongoletsa kwamawindo ndikotheka motere:
- Mtundu wamakono. Akhungu ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zokweza, khungu lama roller amagwiritsa ntchito. Chogulitsa chilichonse chosavuta kusonkhanitsa ndikugwira ntchito chimachita.
- Boho chic. Zokonda zimaperekedwa pamakatani otsekemera a velvet, makatani owala kapena amdima. Nthawi zambiri nsalu ndi khungu zimayenderana mumithunzi yosiyana ndi makoma ndi kudenga.
- Pamwamba. Kuchuluka kophweka pamapangidwe amakatani. Pulasitiki wopanda zingwe, mapanelo azitsulo ndizoyenera.
- Provence. Makatani amlengalenga, zokongoletsera zamaluwa zosasunthika zimafalitsa bwino kuwala ndipo zimagwirizana ndi kapangidwe koyambirira ka denga.
- Dziko. Chithunzi cha nyumba yadziko chimatsindika bwino ndi makatani opangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Zojambula zopanda mitundu yowoneka bwino zimawoneka bwino.
- Minimalism. Mawindo ang'onoang'ono adzakongoletsedwa ndi khungu lodzigudubuza ndi mawonekedwe ochepa. Pulasitiki, khungu lazitsulo lidzawoneka bwino.
Njira zolumikiza makatani
Makhalidwe oyika makatani m'chipinda cham'mwamba amatengera mtundu wa zomangamanga, mtundu wa chinsalu, mawonekedwe azenera lotseguka. Makina odzigudubuza ndi khungu amaphatikizidwa ndi lamba wachimango. Kutengera kulemera kwake, makina okwezera, zogulitsa zimadzipukusa ndi zomangira zokha kapena zomata ku tepi yammbali iwiri.
Makina opukutidwa ali kale ndi zida zolimba. Ndikofunika kusankha kukula koyenera ndikuyika. Nsalu za nsalu zimamangiriridwa ku cornice. Kwa mawindo okonda kugwiritsa ntchito bar, m'munsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, gawo liti la nsalu yotchinga ikhala ndi mafuta. Pazitseko zodzigudubuza, mapiri amapangidwa kunja kwa zenera.
Zosankha zokongoletsa zenera
Mutha kukongoletsa windows m'chipinda cham'mwamba cha kukula kulikonse ndi cholinga m'njira yokongola komanso yoyambirira. Kwa makoma okondeka, makatani okhala ndi zingwe, khungu, zokutira zotchinga ndizoyenera. M'chipinda chogona mutha kupachika makatani okongola pamakona awiri. Nsalu zabwino zitha kupatsa kuwala kokwanira kuti zikhazikitse chikondi.
Nazale m'chipinda chapamwamba azipanga ndi mapanelo opepuka apulasitiki. Zitha kukhala zomveka kapena zosindikiza zowala. Kupezeka kwa makatani sikungavulaze mkatikati mwa njira iliyonse. Mawindo muofesi yokhala ndi malo okonda kuyang'ana adzawoneka okhwima komanso otsekerezedwa ngati amakongoletsedwa ndi khungu lachiroma.
Mukamasankha njira yoyenera yopangira, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi kuthekera kokhala ndi mpweya wabwino pazenera komanso mayendedwe azoyenda.
Momwe mungasankhire: upangiri wa akatswiri
Mphamvu yayikulu pakusankha makatani ndikukhazikitsa kwa zenera. Mbali ya dziko la komwe ili, mawonekedwe, kukula kwake iyenera kuganiziridwa. Zosankha padenga ndizofala. Poterepa, mitundu yonse yamakatani okhala padenga ndi kuphatikiza kwawo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati denga ndilokwera ndipo lili ndi malo otsetsereka akulu, ndi bwino kupachika nyumba zolimba - khungu, mapanelo apulasitiki. Gawo lawo lakumunsi lidzaphatikizidwa ndi zingwe zapadera. Kuti mugwire nsalu zotchinga, muyenera kukweza chimanga chachiwiri.
Mukamasankha kapangidwe kazenera, muyenera kuganizira malo amchipindacho komanso kukula kwa zenera. Kwa windows panoramic, makatani opepuka ndi abwino. Kunyamula kumasankhidwa kutengera mawonekedwe ake. Mitundu ya arched ndi oblique imafunikira makamaka. Gwiritsani zingwe zokongoletsera, tatifupi, mikanda.
Mapeto
Kukongoletsa mkati mwa chipinda chilichonse ndi njira yolenga. Kusankha kwa makatani akuthambo ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira. Makhungu osankhidwa bwino kapena makatani olemera amatha kusintha chipinda, kuteteza ku kuwala. Kwa mawindo a mawonekedwe osasintha, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusankha makatani ogwirizana ndi kukula kwawo. Poterepa, kusoka kwawo kumatha kuyitanidwa ku studio.
