Mfundo zoyambira
Kuti ntchito yophika kukhitchini ikhale yosavuta momwe mungathere, tsatirani malangizo awa:
- M'lifupi zitseko - 80 cm (kuposa 90). Pasapezeke zopinga panjira yotsegulira.
- Mtunda wapakati pamiyala iwiri yogwirira ntchito (sink, firiji, chitofu) siyosachepera 110-120 masentimita osapitirira 2.7 mita. Njira yabwino kukhitchini - 90 cm, 110 cm - ngati anthu angapo nthawi zina amagundana.
- Pofuna kusuntha ndi kutsegula zitseko, m'lifupi pakati pa mizere iwiri yamipando yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi U amakhala osachepera 120 osapitirira 180.
- Siyani masentimita 80 pakati pa khoma ndi tebulo lodyerako kukhitchini kuti mukhale wokwanira, 110 masentimita kuti mukhale kosavuta komanso kosavuta kumbuyo.
- Kutalika kwa malo odyera a munthu m'modzi ndi 60, ndiye kuti, pabanja la anthu 4 muyenera tebulo lamakona 120 * 60.
- Malo ocheperako mbali zonse ziwiri zakuya ndi masentimita 45-60, mbale - 30-45.
- Malo okwanira kudula zinthu - mita 1. Kutalikirana bwino kuchokera ku chitofu kupita ku hood - 75-85 (gasi), 65-75 (magetsi).
- Kutalika kwa khitchini kogwirira ntchito masentimita 85 ndi koyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa 150-170. Gwirizanitsani kutalika kwa msinkhu wanu: wotsika (75-85) kapena wamtali (85-100), malo oyenera ogwirira ntchito pang'ono pansi pake.
- Kutalika kwa kabati lakumtunda pamwamba pa kabati yapansi ndi masentimita 45-60, zimadaliranso ndi kutalika kwake. Muyenera kukhala omasuka kufikira pashelefu pansi popanda chopondapo.
Langizo: Kuti mupeze kutalika kwa countertop kutalika, pindani zigongono zanu pansi. Yerengani mtunda kuyambira kanjedza mpaka pansi ndikuchotsani 15 pazotsatira zomwe mukufuna kukhitchini.
Malamulo oyikira mipando
Mukamakonzekera khitchini yanu, musabwezeretse gudumu, onaninso lamulo logwira ntchito komanso logwiranso ntchito la makona atatuwo. Pali njira zazikulu zisanu zoyikiramo mipando yakakhitchini, momwe makona atatu ali munjira ina.
Zowonjezera. Kakhitchini yowongoka si chitsanzo chabwino cha ergonomics. Kukonzekera pamzere umodzi sikungalolere kugawa bwino malo ogwirira ntchito, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuwonjezera pachilumba kapena malo omenyera mowa ndikubweretsa chimodzi mwazitali. Koma ngati dera la chipinda limaloleza mzere umodzi wokha (mwachitsanzo, mu Khrushchev yaying'ono), ikani sinki pakati, ndikusiya mtunda wokwanira kuchokera pachitofu ndi firiji.
Mzere wapawiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makhitchini opapatiza ndipo amawoneka ngati osavuta. Chitsanzo cha ergonomic cha mayikidwe ndi mbaula ndi lakuzimilira moyandikana ndi firiji. Zikatero, simusowa kuti muzizungulira mozungulira nthawi zonse.
M'chithunzicho muli khitchini yokhala ndi ma module otsika
Pakona. The ergonomics ya kukhitchini ndiosavuta kuyigwiritsa ntchito. Malo ochapira amakankhidwira mkati kapena pafupi ndi ngodya, nsonga zotsalazo zizikhala mbali zonse ziwiri. Kuti mumve zambiri, konzani gawo lamakona lomwe muli beveled.
Wowoneka ngati U. Njira yayikulu kwambiri, yogwira ntchito. Sinki imayikidwa pakati, firiji ndi hob zili pambali. Chachikulu ndikuti gawo lozungulira la triangle silidutsa 9 m.
Chilumba. Zina mwazinyumba zam'mbuyomu zitha kusinthidwa ndi chilumba. Zimakhala zothandiza pochepetsa mtunda pakati pamiyala pamalo akulu, kapena kupopera mutu wolunjika. Ndikosavuta kuyika hob mu gawo lowonjezera, sikutanthauza kulumikizana.
Timagawira makina osungira mwanzeru
Ergonomics sikuti imangokhala yokongola komanso yosanja kakhitchini, komanso yosungirako mwanzeru. Malinga ndi dongosolo lopinganiza malo, zigawo 4 zimasiyanitsidwa:
- Otsika kwambiri (mpaka 40 cm pamwamba pansi). Zosawoneka bwino, zimafuna kupindika kapena kuphwanya kuti mufike pachinthu chomwe mukufuna. Amasunga zinthu zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri - mbale, chakudya.
- Otsika (40-75). Kuti mukwaniritse china chake, muyenera kugwada. Oyenera kusunga mbale zazikulu, zida zazing'ono.
- Avereji (75-190). Malo owonera bwino kwambiri pamaso ndi pamanja. Ndizomveka kukonzekera pano zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri: ziwiya, mbale, chakudya, zodulira.
- Kutalika (190+ cm). Ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kukoka kapena kubwezeretsa zinthu m'malo mwake, chifukwa uyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpando kapena makwerero. Sungani zinthu zopepuka zosasweka.
Pachithunzicho muli malo osungira mu khitchini
Malo osungira amayeneranso kugawidwa m'magawo malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a khitchini:
- Zakudya ndi ziwiya zophikira, zokometsera, tirigu zimatsalira pafupi ndi chitofu.
- Sinki ili ndi kabati yoyanika, bokosi la zodulira, zotsekemera, masiponji.
- Kudera logwirira ntchito mufunika mipeni, matabwa, mbale.
Langizo: Ngati ndi kotheka, tsitsani patebulo momwe mungathere pochotsa zonse zomwe mungafune m'makabati kapena kukweza pa epuroni. Pachifukwa ichi, mkati mwamakina amakono, makina azitsulo kapena mashelufu ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Maonekedwe a kuyatsa ndi malo ogulitsira
Zowala zilizonse mnyumba ndizonse, zomveka kapena zokongoletsa, kutengera komwe kuli komanso kowala. Malinga ndi malamulo a ergonomics kukhitchini, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe mungasankhe sichingakukwanireni.
- Kuwala konse ku khitchini kumachokera pamakona oyendetsera denga, omwe asinthidwa posachedwa ndikuwunika pang'ono kapena malo owongolera. Sikoyenera kupachika nyali pakati kapena kuyika mawanga mozungulira gawo lonse - ndikwanira kuwunikira gawo lililonse padera. Kuwala kwapakati ndibwino kuchipinda chodyera ndikuwunikira kolowera kuchipinda chogwirira ntchito.
- Kuunikira kwamagetsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa ntchito ndipo kumawonjezera kuphika bwino. Kuunikira koteroko kumatha kupezeka pansi pa makabati khoma, pakati pawo ndi thewera, pakhoma ngati mawonekedwe oyatsa kapena nyali zosinthika, padenga (ngati muli ndi khitchini yopanda zotchinga zapamwamba).
- Gwiritsani ntchito kuyatsa kokongoletsa kukhitchini momwe mungafunire, mwachitsanzo, kuti muwonjeze khoma lojambulidwa kapena kupanga mawonekedwe apamtima.
Pachithunzicho pali khitchini yopangidwa ndi L yokhala ndi firiji pakhomo
Ergonomics ya kukhitchini imakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka ndi kusungidwa kwa malo ogulitsira. Aliyense wakhala akudziwa kale kuti kuchuluka kwa iwo, kumakhala bwino. Poterepa, simungathe kuyika mabokosiwo kulikonse, ayenera kukhala komwe mungagwiritse ntchito zida zija.
Ngakhale pokonzekera kukhitchini, dziwani malo ake enieni ndi kuchuluka kwake (powonjezera zingapo). Ndikofunika kubisa mipata ya firiji, chophikira, chotsukira mbale ndi zida zina zazikulu zapakhomo kuseri kwa zadirowa - kuti zizikhala zosawoneka, ndipo mudzakhala nazo nthawi iliyonse.
Pang'ono, m'malo mwake, muyenera kuyiyika pamalo owonekera pamalo ogwirira ntchito kukhitchini. Mtundu wapakale wa apuloni utha kusinthidwa ndi mitundu ina yolumikizidwa kapena yolumikizidwa pansi pa alumali / kabati.
Pachithunzicho, kuyatsa kowonjezera kwapamwamba pakhitchini
Musaiwale za chitetezo
Kakhitchini yabwino a priori sangakhale owopsa, dzitetezeni:
- Pachikani ma module apamwamba kutalika kwa banjalo. Kutalika kwa hostess, ayenera kukhala apamwamba.
- Gulani makabati apamwamba 15-20 masentimita ochepera kuposa apansi, pangani zowonjezera zowonjezera pamunsi kuti mugwiritse bwino kuphika kukhitchini.
- Dulani zitseko zakutseguka kwa ergonomics pamzere wapamwamba kuti mupewe zovuta pazotseguka.
- Chotsani hob panjira ndi pakhomo, pochepetsa kuthekera kokhudza mbale zotentha.
- Sunthani chitofu chamagesi masentimita 40 kutali ndi lakuya ndi masentimita 45 kuchokera pawindo.
- Samalani kutsegula kwaulere kwa zitseko zonse, ndikusiya mita yaufulu patsogolo pawo.
- Gwiritsani ntchito makwerero olimba kukhitchini m'malo moyika mipando kuti mufike pamwamba.
Pachithunzicho, chophimba choteteza ana pachitofu cha kukhitchini
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za njirayi?
Ma ergonomics a kukhitchini sangalekanitsidwe ndi malo oyenera a zida zamagetsi. Tiyeni tiwone chilichonse:
Mbale. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, hob ya owotcha 2-3 ikwanira mabanja 50% - pochepetsa kukula kwapamwamba, mudzapulumutsa malo oyenera kuphika. Uvuni nthawi zambiri umasiyanitsidwa ndi chitofu, ndikuuika pensulo mulingo wa diso. Ndiosavuta kuchokera pakuwona kwa ergonomics: zidzakhala zosavuta kuwunika kukonzekera ndikukhala ndi pepala lophika. Musaiwale kupereka malo pafupi ndi pensulo momwe mungayikitsire mbale zotentha.
Firiji. Lamulo lalikulu la ergonomics ndikutsegula chitseko cha khoma. Ndiye kuti, mukatsegula, muyenera kukhala ndi njira yaulere kuchokera mbali ya tebulo. Kuti mutenge malo ochepa, ikani pazenera, pakona yakutali, pafupi ndi khomo lakhitchini, kapena malo ochezera.
Mayikirowevu. Ikani pafupi ndi firiji, chifukwa nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito mayikirowevu kuti tibwezeretse ndikubwezeretsanso chakudya. Kutalika bwino kwa ergonomics - 10-15 masentimita pansi pamapewa.
Chotsukira mbale. Iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi madzi (kotero kuti simuyenera kukoka kulumikizana), zinyalala zimatha (ndikosavuta kutaya chakudya chotsalira) ndi kabati yazakudya (simukuyenera kuyenderera kukhitchini yonse mukamatsitsa katundu).
Makina ochapira. Komanso, musachotse pamipope yamadzi ndi zonyansa. Koma samalani kuti musatenge kufalitsa kwa zida zina - ndiye kuti, musayike pafupi ndi chotsukira mbale, firiji, uvuni.
Zithunzi zojambula
Mothandizidwa ndi makonzedwe oyenerera a malo ogwira ntchito ndi tebulo lodyera malinga ndi ergonomics, komanso bungwe loganiza bwino, mutha kuphika mwachangu komanso mosangalala.
