Zinthu zachilengedwe m'nyumba, m'nyumba kapena muofesi ndi njira yothandiza yopangira piquancy yapadera kuchipinda chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, sikofunikira kupanga sitayilo imodzi yamkati; kuyika padera ndi kusankhana ndizololedwa. Mwachitsanzo, "mwala wamtchire" umawoneka wosangalatsa m'chipinda cha mayendedwe apanyanja kapena khitchini yapamwamba kwambiri. Koma ngakhale pabalaza yachikale, zinthu ngati izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ponena za malo okwezeka, amitundu ndi aku Scandinavia, matailosi adzakhala zida zopangira kwambiri. Lero ali mumachitidwe. Laconic kapangidwe kake komanso kolimba, koma nthawi yomweyo, kuphweka kophweka kukuyamba kukhala kotsogola, ndikuwongolera matekinoloje opanga kutsanzira zinthu zachilengedwe, matailosi amiyala okongoletsa amawoneka enieni.
Kutchuka kwa kapangidwe kameneka kumathandizira kuwongolera kwamfashoni kwa moyo wathanzi, zachilengedwe.
Ubwino
Kugwiritsa ntchito matayala opangira kutengera khoma lamiyala ndi chifukwa chaubwino wake. Zopindulitsa:
- kuyika matailosi a pulani yotere sikutanthauza luso lapadera ndipo kumatha kuchitika pawokha, kutengera kupezeka kwa chidziwitso choyambirira pakukonza ndi kumanga;
- nkhaniyi imakhala yolemera poyerekeza ndi matailosi a simenti, chifukwa chake imakhazikika ngakhale pamakoma owuma;
- Zosankha za bajeti zimaperekedwa pamzera wazogulitsa (mtengo wotsika umadalira dera, ku Moscow, mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi mindandanda yamakampani, mitengo imayamba kuchokera ku 450 rubles / sq. m.);
- zakuthupi zakulitsa kuyimitsa moto ndipo sizimayendetsa magetsi, chifukwa chake zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza khitchini kapena nazale;
- matailosi ali ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zoyendetsera kutentha komanso zoteteza mawu;
- zinthu zachilengedwe zimakongoletsa mkati;
- nkhaniyi ndi yosamalira zachilengedwe;
- Pali kusintha kwamatail ambiri, kumatha kubwezeretsanso miyala kapena njerwa zamtundu uliwonse.
Zovuta
Koma posankha zomangira, munthu samangoyang'ana mbali zabwino zokha. Ndikofunika kudziwa zoperewera zake zonse pasadakhale kuti muchepetse zikagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe muyenera kudzipereka ngati musankha tileyi, osati ina. Zoyipa zazikulu zakuthupi:
- mankhwala gypsum amayamba kupunduka msanga chifukwa chothira kwambiri matailosi, izi zitha kupewedwa mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito choyambira chapadera, mwachitsanzo, Primer X94);
- matailosi okongoletsera amathyola mosavuta, alibe mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana zovuta zina, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala mukayika;
- zakuthupi zimakhala ndi vuto lodana ndi chisanu;
- Chifukwa cha embossed pamwamba, "mwala wamtchire" umatolera fumbi ndipo umafuna kuyeretsa pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake utatha kuyikapo ndibwino kuti uupukutire (malo osapukutidwawo amathandizidwa ndi yankho la 50 ml ya zofewetsa nsalu, zosungunuka mu 200 ml ya madzi).
Mitundu
Pali mitundu ingapo yamatayala amwala wachilengedwe. Mmodzi wa iwo amagawa mitundu ya nkhaniyi pogwiritsa ntchito. Mitundu ya matailosi okongoletsera, kutengera malo omwe agwiritse ntchito:
- cholumikizira - chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma lakunja kwa nyumba zakunja ndi zamalonda. Makhalidwe ake akuphatikizapo kusowa kwa kulumikizana kwamakina (osamawerengera grouting) pakati pazinthu zoyandikana, kufunika kosindikiza ma seams ndi madzi osagwedezeka pa chinsalu chonse;
- pansi - yopangidwa ndi PVC kapena miyala yamiyala. Matayala apansi salowerera ndale, samatha, samawonongeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, komanso amakhala olimba kwambiri. Pansi paliponse pomwe pali miyala;
- khoma - logwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mkati. Ndi yopepuka motero imathandizira kukhazikitsa. Matailowa ali ndi mitundu yambiri yamapangidwe (mwachitsanzo, matailosi kubafa);
- denga - liri ndi kulemera kotsika kwambiri kwamitundu yonse yazitsulo zokongoletsera. Makulidwe ake sayenera kupitirira 1 sentimita kuphimba denga lonse la chipinda.
Gypsum
Tile imapangidwa m'mitundu iwiri: gypsum ndi ceramic. Matayala a gypsum nthawi zambiri amatsanzira miyala yachilengedwe kapena makoma a njerwa. Ndi cholimba, chimakupatsani mwayi woti muiwale zakukongoletsa malo kwa zaka zambiri. Siyanitsani pakati pa utoto ndi utoto wosalala, wosalala kapena wopaka utoto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa loggias ndi makonde otsekedwa, makoma ndi kudenga mzipinda ndi makonde. Matayala a Gypsum amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo amoto kunyumba, koma poteteza moto ndibwino kuti muwapatse zida zotetezera kutentha. Zachilengedwe za gypsum zimalola kukhala ndi microclimate yabwino. Komabe, izi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa malo osambira ndi ma sauna chifukwa chambiri chinyezi. Pazifukwa zomwezo, mukakhazikitsa chipinda chilichonse, mataililo amathandizidwa ndi wothamangitsa madzi.
Palibe zinthu zomwe zingathandize "mwala wakuthengo" wa gypsum kuthana ndi nyengo, chifukwa chake sagwiritsidwa ntchito pakakuta nyumba.
Ceramic
Matailosi Ceramic awonjezera durability ndi mphamvu. Imatha kupirira mitundu ingapo yamagalimoto popanda kuwononga mawonekedwe ake. Zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa pamalopo, popeza sizikhala ndi zovuta zanyengo (ngakhale zili choncho, posankha malonda ndi mtundu, munthu ayenera kuganizira za mawonekedwe amchigawo). Koma matailosi a ceramic amatenga gawo lalikulu mkati mwa chipinda chochezera, chipinda chodyera, khitchini, khwalala ndi bafa. Ngati mukufuna kuti chipinda chiwoneke "cholemera", mutha kupanga zolowa kuchokera pamatailosi omwe amatsanzira nsangalabwi kapena onekisi. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, izi sizikusiyana ndi anzawo mwachilengedwe komanso mawonekedwe ake. Mitundu yambiri yamiyala ya ceramic imakupatsani mwayi wosankha zinthu zabwino kwambiri pazomangamanga. Komanso, silitenga dothi ndi zonunkhira, motero ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mitundu
Mitundu yamatayala ndiyosiyanasiyana ndipo imatsanzira kwathunthu chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wapawiri wopenta maziko othandizira amatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti kulibe matailosi awiri ofanana. Mtundu wa mitsempha ndi mabampu nthawi zonse umasiyana. Kusankha kwa mthunzi kumadalira masitayilo ndi zokonda za wopanga, komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito izi, muyenera kudalira phale lachilengedwe. Ndi chizolowezi kugawa matailosi okongoletsera ndi utoto, kutengera mtundu wamwala womwe umatsatiridwa. Pali mitundu iyi:
- marble onyenga amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zoyera, zakuda ndi beige ndikuthira pang'ono kwa imvi;
- matailosi a malachite ayenera kukhala obiriwira mdima ndi mitsinje ina;
- onekisi adzawonetsedwa mu pinki, amber ndi mitundu yobiriwira yobiriwira;
- imvi ndi beige shades ndizoyenera miyala yokongoletsera yamchenga;
- Slate yokumba imakhala ndi bulauni, imvi-wobiriwira wokhala ndi mitsempha yowala;
- chisakanizo cha miyala chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mithunzi yachilengedwe (yofiirira, yoyera, yofiira, ndi zina zambiri).
Ntchito
Pali zosankha zingapo zogwiritsa ntchito matailosi okongoletsa njerwa. Amatha kugawidwa mofananira komanso osakhala ofanana. Njira zomwe zilipo ndi monga:
- kukongoletsa ngodya yapadera kukhitchini (mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi chitofu cha gasi);
- yokutidwa kwamakoma amkati ndi akunja;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa chitonthozo chapadera cha "Khrisimasi" chifukwa chakusintha kwa moto;
- kukongoletsa kwa mabafa;
- gwiritsani ntchito kutsegula mawindo ndi zitseko;
- kalirole wokongoletsa, etc.
Monga njira zopanda malire (zovomerezeka) zogwiritsa ntchito mwala wopangira, amatcha:
- chophimba cha malo ogwiritsira ntchito chomverera m'makutu kukhitchini, chomwe chimadutsa bwino mu thewera (pomwe dothi silimadziunjikira pansi pamphepete mwa thewera);
- zokongoletsa za mipando yakale;
- kuchokera pa matailosi osweka (zakuthupi ndizosalimba, pakukhazikitsa china chake chitha kuthyola), mutha kupanga pakhoma pakhoma;
- zokongoletsa zamabenchi am'munda, mabedi amaluwa ndi miphika;
- mutha kupanga chovala chachikulire cha akulu ndi ana kuchokera ku matailosi oyera (muyenera kujambula pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wapadera wamagalasi kapena ziwiya zadothi);
- kukongoletsa masitepe mnyumbamo;
- matailosi owonjezera atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati poyimira mbale yotentha kapena yozizira.
Momwe mungasankhire?
Mwala wokongoletsera wakunja wakunja ndi wamkati umasankhidwa kutengera mtengo wamtengo, kulimba, kudalirika, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso mawonekedwe. Muyeneranso kuganizira mozama za wopanga malonda. Ngati kampaniyo yakhazikika pamsika ndipo ili ndi zinthu zambiri, ndiye kuti matailosi ake okongoletsa amatha kugulidwa mosavuta. Mwalamulo, matailosi sangavomerezedwe, koma kupezeka kwa chikalata chotere kumawonetsa kuti kampaniyo imasamalira ogula ndipo imachita mayeso azogulitsa (ngati kampani yayikulu imagula katundu kuchokera kwa wopanga zazing'ono, pamafunika nthawi zonse zolemba zaukadaulo). Ngati mlangizi akukana kupereka setifiketi yabwino, muyenera kulingalira za kufunikira kogula.
Posankha mwala wabodza, munthu ayenera kulabadira ziwonetsero zake zosagwirizana ndi chisanu. Kukula kwake, ndizotheka kwa nthawi yayitali (izi sizikugwira ntchito pakapangidwe kokha, komanso pakakuta mkati). Tile yolondola ili ndi mawonekedwe osazindikirika ndi mwala wamba wachilengedwe. Mukamagula matailosi, muyenera kuyang'ana kumtunda. Ngati ili yolakwika, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kuphwanya kwaukadaulo wopanga (mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza koponyera kudasunthidwa). Mwala woterewu udzakhala wosakhalitsa, chinyezi chimayamba kulowa pores wopangidwa, womwe ungapangitse kuwonongeka kwa zinthuzo. Muyeneranso kulabadira makulidwe a mankhwalawa. Kutengera ndi cholinga cha tile, imasiyanasiyana kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 sentimita. Mwachidziwikire, makulidwe amwalawo ayenera kukhala ofanana nthawi yonse kutalika ndi mulifupi. Pakakhala zosayenerera, matailosi okongoletsera awa azikhala ovuta kuyika pakhoma kapena pansi; ntchito yomaliza yomaliza idzafunika kuti abwezeretse ukwatiwo (osawoneka bwino).
Makongoletsedwe
Njira yonse yoyika miyala yokumba imagawika m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Choyamba, tsambulani zokutira zakale. Ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa khoma lonse kapena kudenga, ndiye kuti chivundikirocho chimachotsedwa kwathunthu. Kupanda kutero, gawo lokhalo limachotsedwa.
- Kenako makomawo amafafanizidwa, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuyika mwalawo pamalo osalala. Ming'alu ndi putty, ndipo madontho akulu ndi malo otsetsereka amakopedwa.
- Pambuyo mchenga, gawo loyambira limayamba. Zisanachitike izi, nthaka iyenera kutsukidwa ndi fumbi ndi dothi lina. Pambuyo pake, malowa amathandizidwa ndi choyambira (makamaka akiliriki).
- Tileyo ili ndi m'mbali osagwirizana, chifukwa chake iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa ngati chithunzi pansi pogwiritsa ntchito mita. Zidutswa zofananira ziyenera kulumikizana ndi zazikulu ndi zazing'ono.
- Kenako muyenera kukonzekera guluu (uyenera kukhala wokulirapo komanso wowoneka bwino popanda chotupa) ndikupitilira ndikukhazikitsa komweko, osamala kwambiri zolumikizira pakona.
- Mukayika matailosi, dikirani masiku 3 mpaka 10, kutengera mtundu wa zomata komanso mawonekedwe amchipindacho. Pokhapokha pakadali pano pomwe gulu lomata matailosi pamapeto pake lidzauma, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhala kolimba.
Momwe mungasamalire?
Kusamalira matailosi okongoletsera kumakhala ndikupukuta kwakanthawi kwa fumbi. Pofuna kupewa mavuto ndi chinyezi owonjezera, cladding ndi mankhwala ndi opopera hydrophobic. Chifukwa cha zokutira izi, matailosi amatha kutsukidwa mtsogolo. Koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu yapadera ya microfiber m'malo mwa wamba kuti mukonze. Botolo lopopera maluwa limakhalanso loyenera. Kuyeretsa ndi choyeretsa (makamaka kuchapa) kungakhale kothandiza. Tsache lokhazikika limawonetsedwa pamalo ena, koma limafunikira kokha kuyeretsa kouma. Gwiritsani ntchito siponji yowonongeka nthawi zonse kuti muyeretse msana wanu. Ndi bwino kusankha othandizira kuti akonze miyala yokumba ngati zotsekemera. Nthawi zina chimagwiritsa ntchito chofewetsera nsalu, koma njirayi siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, popeza mawonekedwe amatailosi amatha kuwonongeka. Kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa mwala wokongoletsera kumadalira chinyezi mchipindacho, komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu munyumba (nyumba, ofesi) zomwe zimasonkhanitsa fumbi.
Kutsiliza
Matailosi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yamkati yanyumba iliyonse. Kungoti mtundu wina wazinthu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga chilichonse. Mwala wokumba umathandizira kuyang'ana pazinthu zofunika mkati ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kosasangalatsa. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kosavuta, imatha kuyikidwa ngakhale ndi manja anu, osagwiritsa ntchito akatswiri amatailosi, omwe amachepetsa kukonzanso. Ngati ndi kotheka, munthu amasankha matailosi amtundu uliwonse wamtengo ndi mtundu wake. Ndi zovuta za mphamvu, zomwe zimapezeka mwala wopangira, sizidziwonetsa zokha ndikuyika bwino ndikugwiranso ntchito. Ubwino wofunikira wa matailosi opanga ndikuti amaikidwa atamaliza kukonzanso kwakukulu ndipo amagwirizana bwino ndi zomangira zilizonse.
