Malo osambira achikhalidwe achi Russia adayamba kale. Tili ku Europe komwe kuunikiridwa, makhothi achifumu adapanga mafuta onunkhira obisa kununkhira kwa matupi osatsukidwa ndikufa ndi nsabwe, bambo athu adachita mwambo wosambitsa sabata iliyonse. Mabanja onse amapita kosamba mosalephera Loweruka. Tsiku ili silinasankhidwe mwangozi. Lamlungu, kunali koyenera kupita kutchalitchichi moyera, ndipo masabata munthu waku Russia amagwira ntchito thukuta lakuthwa kwake kuyambira m'mawa mpaka m'mawa ndikudikirira Tsiku la Bath.
Kuchokera m'mbiri
Poyamba, nyumbayi inali yamakedzana ndipo idatenthedwa "yakuda". Chitofu sichinali ndi chimbudzi, chotero mwaye wandiweyani unakuta khoma mkati. Mkati mwa malo osambiramo a nthawi imeneyo munkasowa kwambiri, panalibe kukayikira zokongoletsa zilizonse, magwiridwe antchito okha ndi omwe anali ofunikira. Sizinali zabwino kwenikweni kusamba nthunzi m'chipindacho, koma panthawiyi kunalibe njira ina. Popita nthawi, nyumbazi zidakulirakulira. Masitovu anayamba kukhala ndi chimney, ndipo mwambo wakutsuka unakhala wovuta kwambiri ndipo unadzala ndi miyambo. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyumba iliyonse yosambiramo, malinga ndi nthano, amakhala "brownie" wapadera: wokonda kwamuyaya wokonda zonyansa kwa iwo omwe sanamupatse mphatso nthawi.
Ngakhale cholinga chachikulu cha nyumbayi - kuyeretsa thupi, anthu adalumikiza ndi dothi. Zizindikiro sizinapachikidwe pano ndipo kulosera kunkachitika, zomwe zimawonedwa ngati chinthu chodetsedwa. Malo osambiramo adayikidwa kunja, kutali ndi kwawo momwe angathere: m'minda yamasamba ndi "malo obowoka". Zofunika zoteteza moto? Ayi, monga nyumba yonyansa, malo osambiramo samayenera kukumana ndi nyumbayo. Ziwiya kuchokera pamenepo sizinabweretsedwe m'malo okhala.
Zipinda zopangira nthunzi zidatchuka ku Roma wakale, omwe nzika zake zimayang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe awo. Pamabwinja a ufumu wakale womwe udakhalapo, zotsalira za malo awa zasungidwa, zomwe zimalankhula za chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha omwe adazipanga. Ku Roma, mabafa sanali kugwiritsidwa ntchito posamba kokha, komanso pochita zokambirana ndi zokambirana pamitu yandale komanso yanzeru. Tsopano malo osambiramo ali ndi mawonekedwe amakono, ndipo amagwira ntchito pamapangidwe ake osachepera mkati mwa nyumbayo. Nyumbayi idzakhala yokongoletsa kwenikweni kanyumba kanyumba kachilimwe. Nyumba ya dziko siyokwanira popanda kuwonjezera uku, yosangalatsa munjira iliyonse. Malo osambira nthawi zambiri amamangidwa kuseri kwa bwalo pafupi ndi malo osangalalira: gazebo, khitchini yachilimwe, kanyenya kanyumba ndi dimba. Tsoka ilo, ndizoletsedwa kuphatikiza nyumbayi ndi zina kukhala imodzi yokha ndi malamulo omwe amayang'anira kutalika pakati pa nyumba za eni. Malo osambira amayenera kukhala ndi zipinda zitatu:
- Zipinda zotentha;
- Zipinda zopumuliramo;
- Malo ochapira.
M'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, zipinda zingapo zimatha kuchepetsedwa kapena kuwonjezeredwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali mwayi wopita ku dziwe kapena dziwe, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chosambira (kutsuka). M'chaka mutha kulowa m'madzi ozizira, ndipo nthawi yozizira mutha kupanga dziwe lakuya. Muzinthu zina zapamwamba, malo onse amadziwe amatha kukhala mkati. Mwanjira imeneyi, eni ake amapereka njira ina m'malo osambiramo otentha. Pamalo, malo osambiramo sangakhale nyumba yokhayokha, nthawi zina (malo ochepa), kuti asunge malo, eni ake amakonzekeretsa sauna m'chipinda chawo chapansi, chapamwamba kapena chapansi. Musanapitirize kumanga, ntchito yomanga imakonzedwa pasadakhale. Popeza amadziwika kuti ndizowopsa pamoto, zingakhale bwino kufunsa akatswiri. Nthawi zina nyumba zosanjikizika zazifupi ziwiri zimamangidwa ndi mpanda wawung'ono, pakhonde, khonde, chimbudzi, chipinda chama biliard ndi bwalo. Kuti mumange maofesi amenewa, ndibwino kuti mulankhule ndi katswiri wopanga mapulani. Adzakonzekera ntchito payekha. Ndi manja awoawo akuyamba malo omanga nyumba zomangika mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyesere kusankha mitundu yamasamba pamashelefu, mawonekedwe amomwe amamangirira ndi zolakwika zomwe opanga zokongoletsa oyamba amapanga.
Malo osambira
Zochita zake zimadalira kukula kwa bafa. Ngati dera la chipindacho limawerengedwa molakwika, ndiye kuti chipinda chachikulu kwambiri chimayenera kutenthedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kutentha kumafalikira msanga. Powerengera kukula kwa nyumbayo, choyambirira, amatsogoleredwa ndi chipinda chamoto. Ichi ndi chipinda chofunikira kwambiri, enawo akungowonjezera. Taganizirani izi:
- Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adzayendere kusambaku nthawi yomweyo.
- Makulidwe ndi mawonekedwe a uvuni (kunja kapena mkati).
- Mtundu wamafuta. Njira yabwino yothetsera yunifolomu mchipindacho imawerengedwa kuti ndi mbaula ndi nkhuni. Komabe, ena amagwiritsa ntchito zotenthetsera mpweya komanso zamagetsi, zomwe magwiridwe ake ayenera kufananizidwa ndi kukula kwa bafa.
- Chiwerengero cha mipando, mashelufu: amatsatira kuchokera pandime yoyamba.
Komanso, malowo amatengera kukula kwa tsambalo. Ngati nyumbayi ndi yothina kwambiri, ndiye kuti nyumba yosambiramo idzakhala yaying'ono, chifukwa iyenera kukhala patali ndi nyumba zina. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwachuma kwa eni ndi bajeti yomanga. Kupatula apo, momwe nyumba yosambiramo imakulirakulira, kugula kwa zinthu zake kumadzakokolola chikwama.
Kukula kwenikweni kwa banja wamba ndi 5x5 (25 sq.m.). M'nyumba yotereyi muli malo ochezera otentha, chipinda chochezera chokwanira komanso chipinda chosambiramo cha munthu m'modzi.
Mphamvu yosambira
Kutha kusamba mwina ndichikhalidwe chake chachikulu, chomwe chimayenera kuganiziridwanso ngakhale panthawi yopanga pokonzekera zojambulazo. Kapangidwe, malo azenera ndi zotseguka pamakomo, kulumikizana - zonsezi ziwerengedwa pambuyo pake. Sauna yocheperako mbiya imatha kukhala ndi anthu awiri kapena atatu nthawi imodzi. Makulidwe ake pafupifupi amasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 2X2 mpaka 3X3 ndi 3x4 mita. Kuti banja la anayi kapena kampani yaying'ono ikhoze kupumula mu bafa nthawi yomweyo, nyumba ya 4x4 mita ndiyokwanira. 16 sq.m. amatchedwa kukula kwakukulu, komwe kumayimira "tanthauzo lagolide": zomangamanga sizotsika mtengo kwambiri, ndipo malowa sangafanane ndi zipinda zosanjikiza. Kwa alendo ambiri, muli malo osambiramo akuluakulu a 6x4 kapena 5x5 m. Nyumbazi zimatha kukhala zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono. Chipinda cha nthunzi nthawi zambiri chimakhala malo akutali kwambiri, ndipo patsogolo pake pali chipinda chochezera, chipinda choveketsera ndi shawa.
Mitundu yosambira
Pafupifupi dziko lirilonse liri ndi miyambo yawo yosamba. Kwa munthu wosazolowera, ambiri aiwo angawoneke ngati achilendo. Mtundu uliwonse wosambira uli ndi microclimate yake yapadera. Mwa ena mutha kukhala osachepera tsiku lonse, pomwe ena amalimbikitsa kuti musayendere kangapo kamodzi pamlungu chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zingawononge thanzi lanu lonse. Mitundu yayikulu ndi iyi:
- Malo osambira aku Russia (sauna yotentha). Nthawi zambiri izi zimapangidwa ndi matabwa, mwina kuchokera bala kapena yokongoletsedwa ndi bolodi lokulungika. Malo osambira amakono achi Russia, kupatula mawonekedwe ake ndi "zokongoletsa" zawo, sizofanana kwenikweni ndi makolo awo. Pachikhalidwe, "mtima" wawo wotentha ndi mbaula, koma posachedwa amagwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi zotenthetsera gasi. Mpweya wosambira waku Russia ndiwotentha, koma chinyezi. Thupi lamunthu limalekerera malo otere movutikira kwambiri kuposa nthunzi youma mu sauna yaku Finland. Choyamba, miyala yotenthedwa ndi chitofu, ndiyeno amathiridwa madzi, ndikuyamba kutuluka nthawi yomweyo. Pachikhalidwe, m'malo osambira achi Russia, njira yoyendera imaphatikizidwa ndi "kuzirala" tsache la birch pamthupi. Kuti zitheke bwino, magulu azitsamba zamankhwala amathiridwa m'madzi: nettle, thyme, chamomile, celandine. M'nyengo yozizira, njirayi imasokonezedwa "posamba" mumadzi oundana kapena kuthira madzi oundana. Ndibwino kuti muzitenthe mbaula yoyaka nkhuni ndi birch kapena alder choko.
- Nyumba yosambira ku Finland (sauna yokhala ndi mpweya wouma). Mtundu uwu watchuka kumadzulo. Kutentha kwapakati mchipinda kumatha kufikira madigiri 100, ndipo chinyezi sichipitilira 20-30%. Chifukwa chake, vaping imachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wouma. Mutha kuthera nthawi yochuluka mu sauna yaku Finland, koma ma tsache sangagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa mutha kuyaka kwambiri. Kutengera kukula, malo osambira amtunduwu amagawidwa mumitundu yaying'ono komanso nyumba za "mabanja". Zoyamba zimatha kukhazikitsidwa m'nyumba yanu. Malo osambira okonzeka okonzeka amagulidwa m'masitolo apadera.
- Mtundu wachiroma. Muyezo wawo "wokhala" umaphatikizapo zipinda ziwiri: tepidarium ndi laconium. Mmodzi kumatentha, pomwe winayo kutentha kumafika madigiri 70-90, ndipo mumatha kutuluka thukuta moyenera. Kawirikawiri maulendo awo amasinthasintha.
- Hamam (mpweya wouma). Mumtundu wosambira wam'mawawu, mutha kukhala osachepera tsiku lonse. Mpweya ndiwotentha komanso wauma, koma kutentha sikukwera kuposa madigiri 50.
- Ofuro (kusamba madzi). Kutentha mu migolo yamadzi ofunda kumachitika ku Japan. M'malo mwake, awa ndi osamba otentha kwambiri mawonekedwe osazolowereka.
Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, nyumba zosowa kwenikweni sizimayikidwa kawirikawiri: malo osambira amchenga aku Egypt (ofukula komanso osanjikiza), "mowa" waku Czech, ma sento aku Japan (omwewo, koma banja lonse), bastu waku Sweden, Indian temaskali, miyala yotentha yaku England, Moroccan ndi Zipinda zaku India (zakale kwambiri) zotentha.
Mtundu wosamba umasankhidwa kutengera kukula kwake kovomerezeka. Malo osambira mbiya amakwana pakona yaying'ono yamalowa, ndipo malo osambiramo achiroma adzafunika lalikulu lalikulu.
Masitaelo amkati
Njira yothetsera kalembedwe ndikuphatikiza kapangidwe kake (kunja) ndi zokongoletsa zamkati (zamkati). Mosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka nyumba kapena nyumba, mipando yocheperako imagwiritsidwa ntchito posambira. M'chipinda chochezera, mipando ndi masofa zimasinthidwa ndi mipando yayikulu yomwe imayikidwa mozungulira tebulo. M'chipinda cha nthunzi, zokongoletsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera. Njira yofala kwambiri ndi kalembedwe ka rustic. Njira yamkati iyi imazindikira kuti kuphweka kumayambira pa primitivism. Malo osalandiridwa komanso mtundu wamtundu "wamtchire" - ichi ndiye chizindikiro cha rustic kalembedwe. Pokongoletsa, zojambula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimakongoletsa kunja kwa nyumbayo. Malo osambira omwe adapangidwa molingana ndi mfundo za French Provence amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri. Zokongoletsera ndi mawonekedwe ake ndizotsanzira zakale. M'chipinda chotere, mipando imakhala yojambulidwa yoyera, ndipo khonde limakongoletsedwa ndi benchi yokhala ndi bulangeti ndi mapilo mumaluwa osangalatsa. Mtundu wakale wakale ndi wa mayendedwe "akale": adatha kusunga mawonekedwe ake, atadutsa nthawi yayitali. Matailowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa mkati, ndipo chipinda chimakongoletsedwa ndi akasupe ndi zipilala zokongoletsera zomwe zimathandizira chipinda chakumbali. Monga chowonekera mkati, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito amphoras achikale ndi mafano. Mtundu wamayiko amadziwika ndi kukhudzika. M'kati ndi kunja, njerwa kapena kutsanzira (zoletsedwa mu chipinda cha nthunzi), zinthu zachitsulo ndi matabwa osagwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Austere loft amapuma zinthu zosaoneka bwino. Chipinda chovekera ndi chipinda chochezera chimakongoletsedwa ndi ma chic: makapeti odula pansi, mapilo pamabenchi, kuyatsa kwamitundu ingapo, mwina ngakhale malo omenyera mowa. Mtundu wa chalet watsikira kwa ife kuchokera kumapiri otsetsereka: ndiosavuta koma kaso. Zokongoletserazo zimayang'aniridwa ndi matabwa okhwima ndi mawindo otakata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisangalala.
Zida zomaliza
M'mabafa aku Russia, nthunzi inali ndi machiritso apadera chifukwa cholumikizana ndi zokongoletsa zamkati zamatabwa. Mitengoyi imakhala ndi ma "pores" opumira, omwe amakhala ndi fungo lapadera chinyezi chambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, malo osambira samamangidwa kuchokera kuma conifers, chifukwa amatulutsa utomoni. Pakukongoletsa mkati, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira zomwe, zikatenthedwa, zimatha kutulutsa poizoni: Mapanelo a PVC ndi matailosi, miyala yokumba, njerwa, MDF, ndi chipboard. Zomalizazi zimawoneka ngati zopanda vuto, chifukwa zinyalala zopangira matabwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zawo, koma zomata zomwe zimagwirizira utuchi palimodzi zimatha kutulutsa zinthu zovulaza zikatenthedwa. Kutsekedwa kwa makoma akunja kumachitika ndi bolodi. Zamkati zimamalizidwa ndi matabwa opangidwa ndi thermolipa (zinthu zapadera zosambira) kapena nyumba yokhotakhota. Pansi pake pamakhala thabwa kapena matailosi, ndipo kudenga kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi bolodi. Kuti boma la kutentha likhalebe mnyumbayi kwa nthawi yayitali, m'pofunika kuti lizitchinga bwino. Pazolinga izi, magawo atatu azida zosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Chotchinga Vapor. Kutsekemera kwa zojambulazo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Ubweya wa mchere. Zinthu zopepuka komanso zosayaka.
- Kanema wamadzi.
Chotulutsa chotsalacho "keke" chimaphimbidwa ndi zomalizira zomwe zimakongoletsa.
Kuyatsa
Mukamakonzekera kuyatsa mu bafa, m'pofunika kukumbukira zinthu ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zazinyumba:
- Kutentha kwambiri;
- Kutentha kwakukulu.
Chinyezi chimadziwika kuti ndi "mdani" wowopsa wa zingwe, chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa kanthawi kochepa pamaneti, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa moto. Mababu oyatsira, ma switch, ma waya ndi magawidwe amasankhidwa pamitundu ina. M'mabafa, makina onse oyatsa amayenera kutetezedwa moyenera kuzokonda zamkati mwa nyumbayo. M'chipinda chotsuka komanso chovala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mababu wamba, ndipo m'chipinda chamoto muyenera kugula zotsekedwa zomwe zingateteze "zamkati" za chipangizocho. Manda ndi nkhani yolekanitsa iyenera kukhala yopanda madzi. Kuunikira m'chipinda cha nthunzi sikuyenera kukhala kowala kwambiri, chifukwa izi sizingathandize kupumula.
Chipinda cha nthunzi
Chipinda cha nthunzi - chipinda chapakati cha bafa. Njira yayikulu yokometsera thanzi imachitika mmenemo, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka mkati nthawi zambiri kamayambira nayo. Mlengalenga mchipinda chotentha chimakhala chochepa. Mipando yayikulu ndi mabenchi. M'masulidwe akale, adayikidwa mozungulira chipinda cha nthunzi. M'malo ovuta kwambiri, nyimbo zingapo zimapangidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti banja lonse likhazikike momasuka. Malo apakati m'chipinda cha nthunzi mumakhala mbaula, yomwe imakongoletsedwa kuti igwirizane ndi kumaliza konse.
Chipinda chovala
Chipinda chovala chikhoza kutchedwa "chipinda chodikirira". Mabenchi angapo, zovala zovala kapena chipinda chokhazikitsidwa ndi mipanda yoikidwa pano. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuteteza mpweya wozizira kuti usalowe mchipinda chotentha. Imakhala ngati gawo lapakatikati pakati pamsewu ndi chipinda chachikulu. M'chipinda chovekera, anthu, monga lamulo, amapuma poyembekezera kutentha chipinda kapena nthawi yawo yochezera. Muzinthu zochepa kwambiri ndikusowa malo, zimaphatikizidwa ndi chipinda chosangalatsira.
Chipinda chosambiramo
Ma sauna otakasuka amakhala ndi zipinda zosambiramo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mvula zingapo, "matumba" okhala ndi madzi ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale maiwe. M'chipindachi, anthu amatha kuziziritsa ndikutsuka thukuta kuchokera kuchipinda chotentha, ndiye kuti, kumaliza ntchito yathanzi. Chipinda chimodzi chosambira chimayikidwa muzipinda zazing'ono zosambiramo. Nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa chipinda chaching'ono, pomwe nyumba yokhayo, benchi ndi zingwe zingapo zazinthu zimatha kukwana. M'nyumba zomangika kwambiri, chipinda chosambiramo chimatha kufinyidwa mchipinda chovekera. Makoma ake ayenera kukongoletsedwa moyenera kuti munthu amene akuitsuka asawoneke mchipinda.
Chimbudzi
Chipinda chino ndi chipinda chochezera. Pano pali zinyumba zomwe zikufanana ndi chipinda wamba mnyumbamo. Ntchito yayikulu ya mlengi ndikupanga malo abwino opumulira. Payenera kukhala malo okhala ndi kunama, komanso malo ofewa mosiyana ndi ma benchi olimba.Komanso, m'chipinda chochezera cha bafa, tebulo kapena bala ya bar iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuwonjezera pake. Kuti mukhale mosangalala m'nyumba, mutha kuyika TV kapena kulingalira za njira zina zosangalatsa.
Kutsiliza
Mwambo wopita kumalo osambira wakwanitsa osati kungopitilira nthawi, komanso kusintha kuzinthu zenizeni zamasiku ano. Kuyambira kale anthu amakhulupirira kuti njirayi imatsitsimutsa thupi. Zotsatira zake zimawonekera pakapita maulendo angapo kusamba. Chidwi chambiri chimaperekedwa mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumbayi, popeza siyikhala "nyumba m'minda", koma chinthu chokwanira chazithunzi zapangidwe kazokha.
