Njira yoletsedwera komanso yogwira ntchito ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amayamikira chitonthozo ndi kuphweka. Kuyesera koyamba kuphatikizira chizolowezi ichi mkati kunachitika kale mzaka za m'ma 60 zapitazo, koma mapangidwe amtunduwu adamalizidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Izi zidatilola kuti tizikwaniritse ndimapangidwe amakono amakono.
Malangizowa sakhala a eni nyumba olemera okha. Kuphweka kwake komanso njira yabwino yogwiritsa ntchito danga zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi malo abwino osagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, ngakhale mdera laling'ono.
Ndondomekoyi ndiyabwino kukongoletsa nyumba, nyumba kapena ofesi. Zilibe zopinga zomwe zimayika wopanga mwamphamvu. Zamakono sizikugwirizana ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso laconicism. Mukamapanga zamkati, kulingalira bwino komanso kukhala kosavuta kwa nzika zamtsogolo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Mbiri ya kalembedwe
Zamakono zoyambirira zidadziwika pakati pa zaka za 20th. Zimaphatikizira mawonekedwe amtundu wa Scandinavia, minimalism ndi constructivism. Panthawiyo, nyumba zawo komanso nyumba zawo zinali zokongoletsedwa bwino. Nyumbayo idapangidwa kuchokera ku mipando yopanga misa ndi zinthu zokongoletsera. Magawo ambiri adagulidwa "pamwambowu", zinali bwino kwambiri kupeza kena kake m'masiku amenewo. M'zipinda, kuphatikiza zida zapamwamba komanso zamalakoni, zinthu zakale zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ngakhale nthawi zina zitha kupezeka.
M'zaka zapambuyo pa nkhondo, kukongoletsa nyumba kunadziwika ndi chisokonezo china. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wamkati udalowetsedwa ndi tsatanetsatane wa masitaelo omwe anali ndi mbiri yakalekale. Okonza mapulani ndi opanga sukulu ya Bauhaus adathandizira nawo pakukweza ndi kufalitsa kalembedwe ku Europe. Analimbikitsa lingaliro la kupanga zochuluka ndi mipando yotsika mtengo yomwe imatha kupanga zinthu ndi zinthu zambiri. Malinga ndi pulani yawo, iyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso mtengo wa bajeti.
Pakutha kwa zaka makumi awiri, pafupifupi mabanja onse aku America, Russia kapena Europe amatha kudzitamandira ndi mipando yotereyi. Nyumba iliyonse inali ndi khitchini kapena khoma lenileni. Ogulitsa adayamika kwambiri mwayi wogula mipando yamakono yotsika mtengo komanso yokongola. Zambiri mwazinthu zake zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito popanga zamkati.
Kufunika kwamachitidwe amasiku ano kuli kuthekera kwake kwapadera kuphatikiza zinthu zamakono ndi mipando m'masitolo ogulitsa ndi zotsalira. Malinga ndi omwe adapanga, mtsogolomu malangizowa adzangosintha, kukulitsa ndipo sadzataya kutchuka kwawo kwanthawi yayitali.
Makhalidwe, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe apadera a kalembedwe
Popeza kalembedweka ndimakapangidwe azipangidwe zamkati mkati, mukakongoletsa chipinda, simukuyenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima munthawi inayake. Zinthu zomwe zimadzaza mchipindamu zimangowonekera chifukwa choti eni ake amawakonda. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kusunga phale mumitundu ina, kugula mipando yopanga ndi kuyika makatani amtundu wina. Apa amaloledwa kumaliza malo okhala ndi zida zamakono, kukakamiza chipinda ndi mipando yabwino yopangidwa ndi mafakitale.
Ndani amasankha kalembedwe kamakono
Kumbali iyi, mawonekedwe amakono ali ophatikizidwa, ndikosavuta kuyikwaniritsa, chifukwa chake ndi otchuka ndi okonda kukonzanso mkati. Phata lamakhalidwe omwe kalembedwe katsopanoli ndi kophweka, chitonthozo ndi magwiridwe antchito. Ndioyenera kwa aliyense amene amayamikira kuchita zinthu mosavuta, mosavuta komanso salekerera kunyada komanso kudzikuza kopitilira muyeso.
Kukongola kwa kalembedwe kameneka ndikuti zamkati zomwe zidapangidwa momwemo ndizapadera. Nthawi iliyonse, yankho lapachiyambi limapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosavuta komanso wamba.
Ergonomics ndi kusinthasintha kwa kalembedwe kameneka zimapangitsa kukhala kofunikira pokongoletsa malo. Kusiyanasiyana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa ma module ndi mapangidwe kumakupatsani mwayi wokonza malo ogwirira ntchito poganizira zosowa za wogwira ntchito aliyense. Kukhazikika kwa makoma kumadzasungunuka ndi zojambula ndi zithunzi.
Kodi mtundu wamasiku ano ndi woyenera?
Mtundu wamakono ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokongoletsera nyumba zazing'ono zazing'ono. Zinthu zake zonse zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndikusinthidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Pakukhazikitsa kwake, chofunikira kwambiri chimaperekedwa ku bungwe lolondola la malo okhala, kudzera pagawo lake loyenera kukhala magawo ogwirira ntchito.
Chipinda chokhala ndi geometry yosavuta ndiye njira yabwino yopangira kalembedwe. Kapangidwe kameneka kadzawoneka bwino mchipinda chofananira cha nyumba wamba yanyumba yayitali. Mipando yamakono yamafomu osavuta komanso omveka bwino okhala ndi mafotokozedwe omveka bwino ndi mizere yolunjika, zida zaukadaulo wapamwamba, zikwangwani, zithunzi ndi utoto zidzakwanira mosavuta. Zida zomaliza zopezera ndi magwiridwe antchito zidzakhala maziko abwino. Ndi bwino kusankha zinthu zautoto umodzi osalala bwino kuti mumalize mosavuta, mwanzeru. Mwachitsanzo, utoto wopepuka pamakoma, pansi pamatabwa ndi padenga loyera. Mutha kuphatikiza denga lowoneka bwino ndi mapepala omata komanso zokutira pansi. Zipangizo zotere siziyenera kusinthidwa mukamayika, kuphatikiza - izi zipulumutsa pakuchepetsa. Mkati sikuyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zovuta - magawano okhala ndi magalasi owala, magalasi a stucco, matayala amitundu ingapo, zinthu zabodza. Zokongoletsazi ndizabwino kwambiri mkati, zomwe zimapangidwira kupumula komanso kugwira ntchito.
Zaudongo ndi zoletsa kuzipinda, zokongoletsedwa kalembedwe kakale, zimasiya malo ambiri amalingaliro ndi kuyesa. Khalidwe ili limamupatsa mwayi wothandiza. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera mkati mwazinthu zochepa "zoyankhula" kuchokera pamtundu wina ndipo chipinda sichizindikirika. Ngati muli ndi nyumba yaying'ono ndipo mumakonda kuphweka ndi chitonthozo, kalembedwe kameneka kangakhale koyenera kwa inu.
Mayankho amtundu wa kalembedwe
Zomangamanga zamakono zimaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yosaloŵerera, yopuma. Samakopa chidwi ndipo samayambitsa kukwiya. M'malo amakono a megalopolis, ndimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito malankhulidwe ofiira ngati kumbuyo kwa malo oyera. Zomveka zimayikidwa mkati ndi zokongoletsera, mipando ndi nyumba zapanyumba.
Zithunzi zotsatirazi ndizoyenera monga kudzaza kowala:
- zoyera;
- beige;
- imvi;
- grafiti;
- bulauni.
Mtundu woletsa udzasungunuka ndikukongoletsedwa ndi zinthu:
- buluu;
- wachikasu;
- chofiira;
- chobiriwira;
- miyala yamtengo wapatali;
- maluwa a lalanje.
Simuyenera kuwonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalankhulidwe mkatimo kamodzi. Ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yoyandikira yamtundu womwewo. Ndipo kuti mukhale wachisangalalo, mutha kusewera ndi mawonekedwe.
Muzojambula zamakono, zojambula ndi mitundu sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, koma kuyambitsa mawonekedwe achilengedwe kumalimbikitsidwa. Pakatikati mwa kalembedwe mungapeze:
- zipsera za nyama;
- kutsanzira nkhuni kapena mwala.
Zida ndi njira zokongoletsera mkati
Kuti apange zojambula zamasiku ano, amakonda zida zamakono zolimba. Ayenera kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira zachilengedwe ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakusamalira chilengedwe.
Zojambulazo zimagwiritsa ntchito:
- matabwa opukutidwa - pamakoma, pansi ndi kudenga;
- mwala wachilengedwe - wokutira pansi ndi makoma mu bafa, kukhitchini. Muthanso kuyika thewera ya khitchini ndi patebulo lokhala ndi mbale za monolithic;
- galasi lopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Zithunzi, mipando kapena zinthu zake, zokongoletsa ndi zokongoletsa zimapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo;
- chikopa chachilengedwe chokongoletsera masofa, mipando, mitu yakumutu ndi mipando ina.
Kuphatikiza pazosankha zachilengedwe, mitundu yambiri yazofanizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito mkatimo. Makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso othandiza amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa komanso kulimba, amakwaniritsa zofunikira zaukhondo komanso zachilengedwe.
Zina mwazinthu zopangidwa mwaluso, zotetezeka, pali:
- laminate - imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pansi, koma itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukhoma ndi kudenga;
- mwala wokumba - wokutira pansi pakhonde, kubafa, kukhitchini, ndipo nthawi zina m'chipinda chogona kapena pabalaza;
- Chinsalu cha PVC chazitali.
Malo amakono samadzipangitsa kukhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino, zokongoletsa ndi mawonekedwe. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti amawoneka otuwa komanso ofiira. Mutha kutsitsimutsa kukondera mchipindacho pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Opanga omwe ali ndi zonyezimira, matte, zamwano, zopaka utoto.
Kuphatikiza kwa zotsatirazi kumathandiza kwambiri:
- akiliriki ndi magalasi ndi chrome;
- nkhuni zachilengedwe ndi miyala;
- zitsulo kumapeto ndi lacquered mbali;
- nsalu zovekedwa - zimayenda bwino ndi malo ochepera komanso osalala.
Mbali yapadera yamkati amakono ndi yothandiza limodzi ndi chitonthozo. Chifukwa chake, zokongoletserazo zimakhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zopangira.
Mpanda
Kuti mukongoletse khoma mumtundu uwu, sankhani:
- mitundu;
- kupaka pulasitala;
- kuyika ndi wallpaper;
- kukulunga miyala;
- kuphatikiza kwa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana - kuphatikiza kwa pulasitala, mapepala, zinthu zamatabwa, miyala yamiyala.
Pansi
Pogwiritsa ntchito chophimba pansi, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- matailosi kapena miyala yamiyala. Chovalacho nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizidwa ndi "malo ofunda" otenthetsera;
- linoleum;
- laminate;
- matailosi a vinyl;
- pamphasa;
- bolodi;
- matabwa opukutidwa opangidwa ndi matabwa achilengedwe.
Kudenga
Mukamaliza kudenga, mutha kungoyeretsa kapena kupaka utoto wa akiliriki kapena utoto. Ngati mukufuna kupanga denga lodabwitsa komanso lokongoletsa ndi kuwala kokhazikika, sankhani kotambasula kapena kuyimitsidwa. Mafashoni amulu wa milu yochulukirapo apita, koma mawonekedwe osavuta, odzichepetsa adzakwanira kalembedwe kosavuta komanso kothandiza.
Kuyatsa
Kukhazikitsa bwino kuyatsa ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mawonekedwe amakono. Mmenemo, udindo wofunikira umaperekedwa kuzinthu zachilengedwe komanso zopangira. Amayesetsa kuti asatseke mawindo oyang'ana panja okhala ndi makatani akuda kuti achepetse kuwala kwa dzuwa m'chipindacho. Ndi mazenera ang'onoang'ono, zida zingapo zowunikira zimayikidwa mozungulira.
Zosankha zamagetsi zopangira:
- chandelier wapakatikati wamapangidwe anzeru amakono;
- Kuunikira kwamphamvu kwa LED pamashelefu, ndondomeko ya mipando, ziphuphu, madera osiyana mchipindacho;
- Kukhazikitsa kwa zida zamtundu umodzi - masikono, nyali zapansi, mawanga pamalo owerengera, masewera, chipinda chodyera.
Mmaonekedwe amakono, nyali za mawonekedwe osavuta kujambula kapena zongopeka ndizotheka, koma kudzikuza kwa ufumuwo komanso kunyada kwa rococo sikuyenera kutulutsidwa.
Kusankha mipando
Mapangidwe amtunduwu adayamba ndikupanga mipando yatsopano. Kupanga ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe ophatikizika, kusintha mitundu kunachitika mzaka za m'ma 60s. Kuyambira pamenepo, mipando yotereyi yapangidwa pamlingo waukulu. Imakhalabe yofunikira komanso yofunikira masiku ano.
Zida zotchuka kwambiri zamtunduwu:
- zovala zovala zamagawo osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zipinda zamabuku, TV, kompyuta, zovala. Mitundu ina ili ndi tebulo lokwanira pamwamba;
- ma module ofewa omwe amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta - bedi la sofa, bedi lamipando;
- zovala zopangidwa ndi omata;
- mabedi okhala ndi zipinda zosungira;
- matebulo okhala ndi cholumikizira;
- zofukiza;
- ovala zovala;
- makama.
Ubwino waukulu pamipando yamtunduwu ndi mtengo wake wotsika mtengo kuphatikiza mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso kulimba kwambiri. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono:
- chikopa cha eco;
- MDF;
- zopangira zosakaniza;
- zotayidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu
Malo osanja osasunthika okhala ndi mitundu yawo yopanda ndale, mizere yolunjika ndi mawonekedwe osavuta akungofuna kutsitsimutsa. Apa ndipomwe nsalu zimathandiza ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mitundu yowala, mitundu ndi zokongoletsera. Ndi mothandizidwa ndi mapilo, makatani ndi zofunda kuti mutha kuwonjezera zikwapu, kuti chipinda chikhale chowoneka bwino. Chinthu chachikulu sikuti muchite mopambanitsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, muyenera kudziletsa mpaka pamitundu iwiri yautoto. Mutha kukana kwathunthu mitundu yowonjezerapo, koma onjezani mitundu. Zosamalidwa bwino, nsalu zachilengedwe ndizoyenera kalembedwe kameneka. Kuphatikiza kwa nsalu za monochrome zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimawoneka zosangalatsa. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndicho kusiyanitsa pakati pa nsalu zofewa zofewa ndi mawonekedwe okhwima a kapangidwe ka mipando. Zotsatira zowonekera kwambiri za njirayi zitha kuwonedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito kapeti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipinda chikhale chotentha, kwenikweni komanso mophiphiritsa.
Chalk ndi zokongoletsa
Mutha kutsitsimutsa mkhalidwe wamtendere mkati mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsera. Amatha kukhala oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi nthawi. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowala komanso zonyezimira - kusankha kumadalira zokonda za mwini wake.
M'malo oterewa, zikumbutso zomwe zimabwera kuchokera kumaulendo amabizinesi ndi maulendo, zonunkhira zabwino zoperekedwa ndi abwenzi ndizoyenera - chilichonse chomwe chili chamtengo wapatali kwa mwini nyumbayo ndikuthandizira kukumbukira nthawi zabwino pamoyo wake.
Zomera zobiriwira kunyumba ndizokongoletseranso zabwino zamkati zamakono. Mitengo ya kanjedza, ficuses, ferns sizongokongoletsa mkatimo ndikupangitsa kuti zizioneka bwino, komanso zithandizira kuyeretsa mpweya ndikupanga mawonekedwe abwino.
Mukakongoletsa chipinda, musayesere kuchita mopitilira muyeso wa zokumbutsa.
Zitsanzo zokongoletsa zamkati mwanyumba
Zomangamanga zomwe zidapangidwa motere ndizoyenera mchipinda chilichonse chanyumba kapena nyumba yakumidzi. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane njira zake.
Khonde / khonde
Khwalala lamasiku ano ndi lojambulidwa bwino. Makomawo amatha kumalizidwa ndi njerwa zopindika kapena mwala wokongoletsera. Pansi pake pamayikidwa ndi laminate, linoleum, matailosi kapena matailosi a vinyl. Kuphatikiza pa kuyatsa kwapakati, malo kapena kuyatsa kwa LED kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sitiyenera kukhala ndi mipando yambiri. Chipinda chokwanira komanso chophatikizira chokwanira komanso benchi yaying'ono yokhala ndi shelufu ya nsapato ndikokwanira. Makomawo amatha kukongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zingapo.
Pabalaza
Kuti mupange chipinda chochezera bwino, muyenera kulabadira izi:
- konzani malo okhalamo omasuka okhala ndi sofa womasuka komanso wotakasuka komanso moto kapena mfuti yamoto. Izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino osati kuzizira madzulo nthawi yozizira;
- pangani zochitika zowunikira zowunikira ndizowunikira zambiri. Izi zidzalola, ngati kuli kotheka, kuti asinthe mowoneka bwino mchipinda;
- gwiritsani ntchito makabati okhala mkati modzaza ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana - mashelufu otseguka momwe mabuku ndi mafelemu amatha kukhazikitsidwa bwino, magawo otsekedwa, ma tebulo;
- sankhani zithunzi, zopangidwa ndi utoto wamakono, zojambula zopanda chimango monga zokongoletsa kukhoma. Masofa amatha kukongoletsedwa ndi mapilo achikuda kapena mapangidwe. Zomera zapakhomo zimakhalanso zothandiza;
- Lolani kuwala kwa dzuwa kwachilengedwe momwe mungathere mchipinda.Kuti muchite izi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti musiye makatani, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, onjezani zenera.
Khitchini
Mapangidwe amakono ndi abwino kukhitchini. Zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, odzaza ndiukadaulo wamakono, ndipo sikutanthauza kukonza kovuta.
Nchiyani chimapangitsa khitchini iyi kukhala yosiyana?
- Malo a khitchini amaphatikizidwa ndi malo odyera. M'malo ophunzirira, khitchini ndi gawo la pabalaza. Njira yokonzekera malo imakupatsani mwayi wopanga chipinda kukhala chaulere. Malo a khitchini amatha kusiyanitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi kuwala, podium, ndikumaliza ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.
- Zojambula zam'mutu zam'mutu zimakhala zosalala komanso zobisika.
- Ma suite amatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi chilumba kapena kauntala.
- Tekinoloje yomangidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Malo ambiri oyatsa magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, malo ogwirira ntchito, malo odyera, kapamwamba ka bar akuunikira.
- Chovala cha kukhitchini chimatha kupangidwa ndi magalasi - owonekera kapena osindikiza chithunzi.
- Kudzazidwa kwa kabati iliyonse kumaganiziridwa ngakhale mutu wamutu usanalamulidwe, pokonzekera ntchito yake.
Bafa ndi chimbudzi
Bafa limakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yabata - imvi, mchenga, bulauni, mitundu ya graphite. Zipangizo ndi mawonekedwe omwe si achilendo m'chipindachi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito - matabwa, mapepala achitsulo, koma osayiwala za matailosi wamba ndi miyala yamiyala. Chimbudzi chili ndi chimbudzi chopachikidwa kukhoma, shawa laukhondo. Malo osambira nthawi zambiri amalowetsedwa ndi khola losambiramo lokhala ndi zitseko zamadzimadzi ndi magalasi. Chofunikira kwambiri chitha kukhala chrome kapena mapaipi amitundu ndi zina. M'bafa lophatikizana, ngati pali malo aulere pafupi ndi chimbudzi, kuyika bidet yokhala ndi kukhazikitsa. Zinthu zaukhondo zimasungidwa mumikanda ndi makapu obisika.
Chipinda chogona
M'chipinda chamtunduwu, mutha kuphatikiza ma monochrome awiri kapena mithunzi yopanda ndale. Zimakonzedwa molingana ndi mfundo yosinthira yopingasa. Mwachitsanzo, makoma a imvi amasiyanitsa pansi ndi padenga loyera. Matchulidwe am'chipinda choterocho atha kukhala zovala zowala mumachitidwe amakono kapena chipinda chochezera chokhala ndi zitseko zowonekera kapena magalasi. Bedi limatha kukongoletsedwa ndi mapilo achikuda. Ngati simukufuna kupangitsa chipinda kukhala chowala kwambiri, dzichepetseni pamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ana
Chikhalidwe chachikulu pakukongoletsa nazale ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zili zotetezeka ku thanzi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kugawa bwino malo ogona, kusewera ndi kuphunzira. Makina akuluakulu osungira zidole amathandizira kutsitsa malowa mpaka pazipita. Pamakoma owala, zojambula zowala, ma stencil osiyana ndi zomata zonyezimira zamkati ndizolandiridwa.
Kutsiliza
Ngati chitonthozo, kusavuta komanso kuphweka ndizofunika kwambiri, kalembedwe kamasiku ano kadzakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Kutengera ndi malingaliro athu, mutha kupanga malo okongoletsa, amakono komanso ogwira ntchito. Zitsanzo zamkati mwamkati mwanjira yomwe tafotokozazi titha kuziwona pachithunzichi.
