Madzi ang'ono kapena akulu pagawo la nyumba yabwinobwino ndi lingaliro labwino, makamaka masiku otentha a chilimwe. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, dziwe lachinsinsi linali gawo labwino kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Pakadali pano, "malo osungira madzi" oterewa nthawi zambiri amalola anthu apakatikati, chifukwa nyumba zoterezi zimapatsa mwayi osati kungodzitamandira ndi chuma chawo ndi abwenzi, komanso kucheza ndi zabwino zathanzi. Opanga aluso adzakupatsani upangiri wamomwe mungapangire bwino mapangidwe amadziwe, momwe mungayikidwire, mawonekedwe ake, kukula kwake, kuzama kwake kuli bwino.
Mitundu ya dziwe
Maiwe ali amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu, magulu amitengo. Zonsezi zidagawika m'malo amodzi, zokhoza.
Mwa mtundu wothandizira: pakugawana kulemera kwa mbale pazitsulo, panthaka yathunthu kapena mbali ina.
Pogwiritsira ntchito nyengo:
- chilimwe;
- yozizira;
- kuphatikiza.
Ndi mtundu wa kapangidwe:
- anakulira;
- kuyikidwa;
- theka-recessed
Mwa kapangidwe kake, "nyanja zam'nyumba" zimakhalapo ndi kusefukira, makina osamalira madzi. Yoyamba imawoneka yosangalatsa, imagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Zotsirizirazi ndi zotchipa, zosavuta kukhazikitsa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'madamu ang'onoang'ono.
Mwa mawonekedwe:
- kuzungulira;
- chowulungika;
- lalikulu;
- amakona anayi;
- osakanikirana.
Kutengera ndi zinthu zakapangidwe:
- kuchokera ku konkire;
- fiberglass;
- polypropylene;
- chitsulo.
Kwa nyumba zazing'ono za chilimwe zopezeka zochepa, amakhala ndi ma inflatable, omwe amachotsedwa mosavuta akafunikiranso.
Zosankha ndi malamulo okonzera dziwe lamkati
Pamaso pa chosungira, muyenera kusankha mawonekedwe, kukula, malo. Ndikosavuta komanso kothandiza kuyiyika pansi yoyamba munyumba, mchipinda chamkati. Ndikofunika kuwoneratu izi pamapangidwe, popeza ngati nyumba yomwe ilipo ikuphwanyidwa, pali ngozi yakugwa. Mosiyana ndi dziwe lakunja, madzi akunyumba safunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kapena kutentha. Panyumba yosungira m'nyumba nthawi zina amapangira kutenthedwa kwanyumba, kapangidwe kake.
Ubwino wa dziwe m'nyumba:
- Sikofunikira kuti tizirombo tambiri nthawi zambiri, kuyeretsa madzi;
- mutha kusambira chaka chonse;
- sipafunika kuteteza nyengo yozizira;
- dziwe lachinsinsi - lobisika pamaso.
Zovuta
- chinyezi chachikulu m'chipindacho - pamafunika mpweya wabwino;
- mapangidwe ayenera kuchitidwa pasadakhale;
- zowonjezera zowunikira.
Kufikira kumalo okhala ndi posungira kumangolekezera ana ndi ziweto kuti apewe kumira mwangozi.
Dziwe losambira panja
Malo osungira chilimwe adzatsitsimula mosangalatsa, amalimbikitsa tsiku lotentha. Madzi amadziwe akunja amayenera kutsukidwa pafupipafupi ndipo azizizira nthawi zambiri pachaka. Kupangitsa kuti nthaka isawonongeke kwambiri, imakutidwa ndi shutter yapadera, kanema wa dzuwa. Posambira nyengo yozizira, kanyumba kotentha kotentha ka polycarbonate kakwera pamwamba pa dziwe. Njira zopezera madzi posungira mosungira zimasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Ubwino wa dziwe lakunja:
- pali mwayi womanga pambuyo pomanga nyumbayo;
- nthawi yotentha, dzuwa limatenthetsa bwino madzi;
- kukula kumachepa kokha ndi dera lamderalo;
- mutha kusambira m'chilengedwe, kutentha dzuwa pomwepo.
Zovuta
- popanda kutentha, madzi amakhala ofunda masiku amasiku a chilimwe;
- Muyenera kusintha zosefera, kuthira mankhwala;
- muyenera kuchotsa zinyalala pamtunda - masamba ogwa, tizilombo.
Ali ndi malo osungira m'malo otentha kwambiri pabwalo, kumwera kwa nyumbayo. Izi sizingatheke, zimatetezedwa ku mphepo zakumpoto ndi mpanda waukulu, mpanda. Ndi bwino kusankha malo opitilira tsambalo, patali kwambiri ndi mitengo, tchire - motere fumbi, zomera zowuma, ndi zina zambiri zitha kulowa m'madzi.
Ngati pali ana, ziweto m'nyumba, mosungiramo muli mipanda kuti pasamire aliyense amene amira.
Mawonekedwe amadziwe ndi kuya
Mawonekedwe aliwonse amasankhidwa, ayenera kukhala oyenererana ndi mawonekedwe amchipindacho, mdera lamatawuni. Kukula, "nyanja yakunyumba" ikakulirakulira, kumawononga mtengo pakumanga ndi kukonza. Ngati mukufuna kungowaza ndikudumphadumpha, ndiye kuti miyeso yocheperako ndi 3 m ndi 4 m, kuya kwake ndi 1.3 m. Kuti musambire limodzi, muyenera osachepera 8 mita ndi 4.5 m, kuya - kuchokera 1 , Mamita 4. Ngati kusambira pamadzi kumayenera, makamaka kuchokera pa bollard, kuya kuyenera kukulitsidwa kufika pa 1.7 m.Pakusambira ndi banja lonse, panga dziwe la 5 mita ndi 10 mita lokhala ndi kusiyanasiyana.
Maonekedwe omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa:
- okhota - nthawi zambiri konkriti;
- impso - konkire;
- kuzungulira - chitsulo, kufufuma;
- chowulungika - konkire, chitsulo;
- mu mawonekedwe a kachigawo - konkire;
- amakona anayi, apakati - opangidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana;
- ndimakona ozungulira - nthawi zambiri apulasitiki wa pashelefu.
Amakona anayi kapena apakati
Zosankha "Angular" ndizosavuta kukwanira pakupanga pulani yokhazikika. Konkriti, kapangidwe kazitsulo sikukhazikika, mitundu yazomangayo imafunikira msonkhano womwe maziko ake amapangira kanema wa PVC kapena chitsulo.
Ubwino wamtundu uwu:
- amawoneka bwino pafupifupi kulikonse;
- zoyimilira ndizosavuta kupanga ndi manja anu;
- zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zopangira.
Mukamakumba dzenje nokha, amapangidwa 15-20 cm mbali iliyonse kuposa mbale yamtsogolo.
Chozungulira ndi chowulungika
Chowulungika, maiwe ozungulira amapangidwa ndi konkriti, chitsulo, chotsekemera, pulasitiki (gulu, polypropylene). "Nyanja" yotere imawoneka bwino pakatikati penipeni pa munda wamakono wam'midzi. Mukayikidwa mnyumba, amalimbikitsidwanso kuti mupange chipinda pansi pa dziwe chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Ngati mbale imathamangitsidwa, ndiye mudzaze ndi madzi osachepera 90% - apo ayi siyikukula mokwanira. Kuti mupange malo osungira "okhazikika" a konkire omwe amakhala ngati bwalo lozungulira ku dacha, muyenera kuyesa pang'ono. Pulasitiki ndi yolimba pang'ono, sitingathe kuyikweza mchipinda chomangidwa kale.
Maonekedwe achilendo achilendo
Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono - dziwe lotere limathandizira kutsanzira nyama zakuthengo m'nyumba, patsamba. Mitengo ikuluikulu yayikulu imabzalidwa m'mbali mwake, ikaika nyumba - mitengo yachilendo m'miphika yamaluwa, mabokosi.
Kutengera zosangalatsa, zokonda za eni, zitha kukhala motere:
- chida choimbira - gitala, vayolini, piyano yayikulu;
- mapepala okhala ndi utoto wojambulidwa pansi;
- mitengo ikuluikulu ya ana, mapazi;
- snowman, wojambula, thupi la nsomba;
- mitambo, tsamba la clover;
- nyenyezi, mitima, katatu "eyiti";
- Woboola pakati L, woboola pakati C, woboola S.
Madzi osefukira
Nthawi zambiri amapangira malo amalo omwe kumakhala osamba ambiri. M'malo osungira pulani yotereyi, madzi ndi oyera kwambiri kuposa ena, chifukwa chakupezeka kwa thanki yodzaza. Amadyetsedwa mu fyuluta kudzera mu kabati yamadzi, chifukwa chakukwera kwamadzi kuchokera pansi, kuyeretsa kwapamwamba kumachitika, osati pamwamba chabe. Kusintha kwathunthu kumafunika kamodzi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zilizonse, kutengera kuchuluka kwa osambira. Madzi samangokhala, osachita "kuwawa", koma mtengo wa zomangamanga ndiwokwera, poyerekeza ndi malo osungira, malo enanso amafunikanso.
Njira yoyeserera yokonza "nyanja yopangira" yamtundu wakusefukira ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzipa pansipa, pomwe:
- fyuluta;
- mankhwala ophera tizilombo;
- Malo ochepetsera LV;
- dosing station-coagulant;
- mabatani olamulira;
- mabampu obwezera;
- thirani ngalande ndi makwerero;
- chidebe chosefukira.
Mwa zina, m'madziwe amtunduwu, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo amatetezedwa kwambiri. Kuyenda kwa madzi kuli pafupi ndi chilengedwe.
Dziwe limodzi, kuya kosiyana
Ngati pali ana ang'ono kapena akulu m'banjamo omwe sangathe kusambira, ndiye kuti gawo lina pansi pake limapangidwa mgululi. Kukula kwakuya kwakukulu, mudzayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pakukongoletsa malo - choyambirira, kukumba dzenje lamaziko. M'dziwe lomwe limadziwika, ndikosavuta kupanga madera osiyana ndi madzi osiyanasiyana: kwa ana - 50-100 masentimita, akuluakulu - 120-170 masentimita. Chithunzichi pansipa chikuwonetsa imodzi mwanjira zopangira "nyanja" yamitundumitundu, yokhala ndi mabatani owongolera ntchito zowonjezera.
Kuunikira ndi kuunikira
Kuunikira kwa maiwe akunja kudzafunika madzulo ndi usiku, maiwe amkati - mozungulira nthawi, ngati mulibe mawindo m'chipindacho. Ma luminaires ayenera kusankhidwa mwapadera - m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, halogen kapena LED. Kuunikira kwakukulu kuli bwino - padenga, denga lowonekera, lakomweko - kuwalako kumayendetsedwa pazinthu zamapangidwe, zomerapo magombe. Malo owala onse amapita kudenga kuti akapeze kuyatsa kosangalatsa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuyatsa kwamizere - CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe chimakonzedwa mozungulira gawo lonse la dziwe, ndikulola kuti muziyenda bwino usiku. Kuunikira kumawoneka kokongola - kumakhalapo muutoto, ndizovuta zosiyanasiyana. Mothandizidwa ndi nyali zoyendetsedwa bwino ndi makompyuta, ndizotheka kupanga chiwonetsero chonse chowala pamwamba pa dziwe. Mukayika magetsi apansi pamadzi, muyenera kukumbukira kuzama kwakukulu komwe adapangidwira poyamba.
Zipangizo ndi kumaliza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawonekedwe, mkati, kapangidwe ka posungira kumalingaliridwa kuti ndi kosiyana:
- kavalidwe ka dziko, rustic, malo osavuta okhala ndi bafa yamatabwa pagombe yokhala ndi matailosi okhota ndiyabwino;
- tingachipeze powerenga amakhala ndi akalumikidzidwa yosavuta - lalikulu, rectangle, chowulungika. Yoyikidwa ndi matailosi ang'ono kuchokera mkati, mabanki amapangidwanso ndi matailosi, denga nthawi zambiri limathandizidwa ndi zipilala;
- mumachitidwe amakono, apamwamba, muyenera kusamalira kuyatsa kwakukulu - pagombe, pansi pamadzi;
- kapangidwe kanyumba kamakhala ndi zokongoletsera zamkati mwala wachilengedwe, kunja - kuchokera kumtengo wolimba;
- kwa minimalism, chitsulo chozungulira chachitsulo kapena konkriti chimapangidwa, chomaliza kwambiri;
- ngati dziwe lokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe lili m'nyumba, ndiye kuti lili ndi mawindo oyenda mumsewu - wokhala ndi miyala yolimba yachilengedwe. Mawonekedwe "olakwika" aliwonse amakonda.
Zowonjezera zida zamadzi
Zida zowonjezera zikuphatikiza:
- chosanjikiza chimodzi, zosefera zingapo zamadzi - kuti zizikhala zoyera, zowonekera, "siziphuka". Imachitika kamodzi patsiku;
- Zida zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - zimalepheretsa kubereka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kukhala ndi mankhwala enaake amadzi. Izi zikuphatikiza: opereka ma chlorine, ozonizers, ionizers, ma ultraviolet makhazikitsidwe;
- mapampu amadzi - olumikizidwa ndi zosefera. Zilipo ndi kuyamwa kwabwino, kudzikonda, kogwiritsa ntchito zokopa, hydromassage;
- zida zotenthetsera - osonkhanitsa dzuwa, otentha otentha, zotenthetsera madzi;
- mayunitsi oyang'anira - tsekani / kuzimitsa zida zonse zomwe zilipo, zopangidwa pamanja;
- mapaipi, ma skimmers, ma bomba, ngalande - ndizosatheka kupangira dziwe popanda iwo;
- zotsukira pamanja ndi robotic - chotsani zinyalala zazikulu m'madzi, yeretsani makoma, pansi;
- zofunda zapadera - zophimba panthawi yakunyamuka, usiku, kuti dothi lisalowe, palibe kutuluka kwamadzi kwakukulu;
- masitepe, mahandiredi, magawano njira - onetsetsani chitetezo chotsika ndi kukwera;
- kuyatsa - kuwala kumafunika pakukongola, komanso kusambira mumdima;
- zokopa - geysers, zithunzi, akasupe, mathithi.
Kukhazikitsa zida zamtundu wambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake, pakabuka zovuta, muyenera kufunafuna akatswiri.
Kusefera kwamadzi
Mothandizidwa ndi zosefera, makina oyeretsa amathandizidwa. Kuti mupeze zoyera, zowonekera, zosefera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi makina ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zipangizozi zimalumikizidwa ndi pampu yomwe madzi amayendera. Opanga ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zonsezi pamwambapa.
Kusankha fyuluta yamphamvu yoyenera, voliyumu ya dziwe iyenera kuyerekezedwa - madzi onse omwe alipo ayenera kuyeretsa mozungulira katatu mpaka katatu patsiku, kutengera kuchuluka kwa osambira. Ndondomeko yabwino yosefera imachepetsa kwambiri kumwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizilombo.
Zosefera ndi izi:
- mchenga - mtengo wotsika, kukula kwakukulu, kuyeretsa kumadalira kukula kwa tizigawo ta mchenga. Zikuwoneka ngati mbiya yayikulu yamchenga;
- katiriji wokwera - nthawi zambiri amamatira m'mphepete mwa nyumbayo, kumizidwa m'madzi. Ntchito chimango, kufufuma, mosungira ana;
- diatoms - ali ndi kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu, nthaka ya diatomaceous imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzaza, chomwe chimapindulitsa thupi la munthu. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito fyuluta yoyenera, pamafunika madzi oyenda bwino.
Zosangalatsa za Aqua
Ngati pali malo aulere, masewera onse akumangidwa mumsewu wa ana, achikulire - zosangalatsa zam'madzi, zosangalatsa, ali ndi mwayi wokhala iwowo.
Nthawi zambiri amaikidwa:
- zithunzi;
- nsanja;
- masangweji;
- mathithi;
- akasupe;
- jacuzzi.
Mukakhazikitsa slide, choyambira, chotchingira, chopitilira theka la mita, kuya kwa dziwe mderali kumapangidwa mamita 2.4-3.2. Ngati akukonzekera kukonzekeretsa nsanja mpaka mamitala asanu, ndiye kuti kuya kwake kumapangidwanso mita 4.3-5.2. Pakutuluka pansi, polojekiti yamadzi, amafunika kuya kwa 1.7-2.1 m.
Dziwe lapadera lophunzirira pamadzi limapangidwa ndi kuya kwa mamitala 4.5, lalikulu m'deralo - nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mapanga ndi mapanga. Amateurs amakhazikitsa zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kupanga mafunde padziko, mafunde apansi pamadzi. Dziwe losambira lili kutali ndi nyumba, zomangamanga, popeza kutalika kwa funde kumatha kukhala kwakukulu, ndipo kuya kumafunikiranso kuchokera mita inayi.
Kutsiliza
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kumayiko akumadzulo, kwa anthu 200-300, pali dziwe limodzi, ku Russia - limodzi la anthu 15,000-20,000. Chiwerengero cha madamu ang'onoang'ono chimakwera chaka chilichonse, chifukwa chakapangidwe kake m'nyumba zazing'ono, mdera lililonse lakumatauni. Maiwe nthawi zina amamangidwa, okongoletsedwa ndi manja awo, koma nthawi zambiri eni nyumba kapena malo okhala mchilimwe amapita kwa akatswiri opanga mapulani omwe amakhazikika pakupanga madamu otere kuti athandizidwe.
