Rosa ndiye membala wophiphiritsa kwambiri wamaluwa ndi zokongoletsa zokongola za dimba munyumba yachilimwe. M'munda wamaluwa, mosasunthika amakhala mfumukazi yolamulira yomwe imapondereza ankhanza mwankhanza, ngakhale atakhala okongola bwanji. Mbiri yolima mbewu imayamba ku Persia wakale zaka zoposa 5,000 zapitazo. M'nthawi zam'mbuyomu, dzikoli linkatchedwa Gulistan, lomwe limatanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Persian limatanthauza "duwa la rose". Asilamu amawona duwa ili ngati lopatulika, chifukwa malinga ndi nthano, limakula pamalo pomwe mneneri Mohammed adalira asanakwere kumwamba. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kulikonse komwe maluwa a ruva ankalimidwa, ankachitidwa mantha ndi ulemu wapadera. M'magwero olembedwa a Babulo, Greece, Roma, India, China, pali zonena za mfumukazi yokongola yamaluwa, yomwe idakulira m'minda yabwino kwambiri. Nthawi zonse ankakhala ndi nkhani zachikondi. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi a Hellenes wakale, maluwa a red anawoneka kuchokera m'magazi a Aphrodite, yemwe anavulazidwa ndi minga panthawi yomwe anali atangoyendayenda kudera la Python atamwalira wokondedwa wake.
Mafuta ofunikira amtunduwu amaphatikizidwabe pafupifupi ndi mitundu yonse ya mafuta onunkhira azimayi ndipo amapezeka mumafungo amtundu uliwonse wamwamuna. Kupanikizana kwa shuga kumapangidwa kuchokera pamaluwa ake, omwe amatchedwa "gulbesheker" mu Ottoman Empire. Amatchulidwa kuti dzina lakutchulidwa la munthu wamkulu m'buku la Turkey wakale Reshad Nuri Gyuntekin, yemwe amafotokoza za kuyendayenda kwa Feride wokongola. Mu chikhalidwe chilichonse, duwa limalumikizidwa ndi kukongola kosaneneka komanso mwachikondi. Ngakhale oweta mitundu angati akwanitsa kutulutsa, maluwa ofiira ofiira, oyera, achikasu ndi pinki ndi omwe amafunikabe kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa munda wanu, pitani tchire lachifumu mmenemo. Maluwa pakapangidwe kazithunzi amakhala amodzi mwa malo otsogola ngati chinthu chokongoletsera chapakati. Tiye tikambirane za mitundu iti yomwe ingasankhidwe pamunda winawake komanso momwe tingasangalatse mfumukazi yamaluwa yopanda tanthauzo.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya maluwa
Maluwa amasiyana mtundu, kukula kwa masamba, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi kutalika kwa tchire. Pamodzi ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa, mitundu yawo ndi yopitilira 3000. Pakapangidwe kazithunzi, pali mtundu umodzi, malinga ndi zomwe mbewu zimagawika m'magulu atatu akulu:
- Chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse. Amadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu komanso nyengo yayitali yamaluwa. Zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimaphatikizapo bourbon, polyanthus, tiyi wosakanizidwa, Bengal, tiyi ndi maluwa a noisette.
- Ndi masamba akugwa nthawi yozizira isanafike. Izi zikuphatikizapo maluwa oyera, damask, centifol ndi French.
- Goethey (kuluka). Maluwa okwera a gululi ali ndi mayina andakatulo kwambiri: Ave Maria, Gloria Deya, Orange Elf, Concerte, Virgo.
Chofunikira kwambiri kwa mfumukazi yamaluwa ndikuchulukirachulukira kwake, ndiye kuti, kuthekera kokulitsa kuchuluka kwamaluwa mu mphukira imodzi, poyerekeza ndi mnzake wokula msanga. Kutengera izi, mitundu itatu yazomera imasiyanitsidwa:
- Zosavuta.
- Theka-kawiri.
- Terry.
Otsatirawa amakhala ndi masamba opitilira 150. Komanso, maluwa amagawika malinga ndi chikhalidwe china - kutalika kwa tchire:
- Kuthetsa.
- Wapakatikati.
- Wamtali.
- Pansi. Mu gulu ili, mitundu yokhotakhota komanso yotsikirapo imaphatikizidwa.
Maluwa amasiyana mitundu. Mtundu wa Mphukira ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe amadalira pomwe akusankha. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu inayi yomwe yatchulidwayi, maluwa amatha kukhala burgundy, bulauni, lalanje, wofiirira, wofiirira, fuchsia. Pali mitundu khumi ndi iwiri yapadera pomwe pamakhala pamakhala mitundu yachilendo kuchokera pamitundu iwiri ndi theka lawo. Zophatikiza ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga malo. Mitundu yopangidwa mwaluso powoloka imabweretsa zosiyanasiyana m'minda yam'munda, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo, matayala apadera kapena utoto wodabwitsa.
Zing'onoting'ono zimagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa, omwe amaphatikiza mitundu khumi ndi iwiri:
- Floribunda maluwa. Gululo linadzuka mutadutsa mitundu ya tiyi ndi polyanthus. Zimaphatikizapo maluwa ang'onoang'ono a zitsamba ndi tchire, mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi. Floribunda amadziwika ndi "maluwa" maluwa, ndiye kuti, masamba ake apawiri-awiri amapanga maburashi obiriwira.
- Malo opangira tiyi wosakanizidwa. Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chamatenda, koma amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chisanu, motero tchire limakula kumwera kokha. Gululi likuphatikiza mitundu yonse yomwe idapangidwa pamaluwa a tiyi. Mtundu wawo wamtundu umayamba wachikaso ndipo umatha ndi lalanje wotumbululuka.
- Mitundu ya Rugosa. Anazipeza pambuyo poyesa kusankha ndi khwinya lokwera. Ubwino waukulu wazosiyanasiyana ndikuteteza kwake chisanu. Ma hybrids a Rugosa ndi odzichepetsa pa chisamaliro, amasiyana pamlingo wa terry, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala likulu la nyimbo zapaki. Palibe chifukwa chophimba zomera m'nyengo yozizira.
- Mitundu ya Grandiflora. Zomerazo zimakhala zowongoka, zowoneka bwino zokumbutsa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi, koma ndi maluwa ambiri, monga Floribunda. Mitunduyi saopa chisanu ndi pachimake kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Polyanthus. Ndi zotsatira za kuwoloka maluwa achi China komanso maluwa osiyanasiyana. Zitsambazi zimakhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu "maburashi". Amamasula kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka chisanu choyamba, chomwe, mwa njira, sichimachita mantha. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, maluwa a polyanthus nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zowonekera pazinyumba.
- Zitsamba. Gulu lapadera lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yoluka ndi mitundu yochepa.
- Kakang'ono. Iwo amafanana ndi polyanthus, koma kutalika kwawo sikupitilira theka la mita. Adakula onse kutchire ndi miphika. Phulika kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka chisanu choyamba.
- Kukwera. Amatchedwa "mfumukazi" zamapangidwe osadziwika. Zitsambazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwake kodabwitsa, ndichifukwa chake amafunikira zothandizira zokuzira. Pezani mawonekedwe ofunikira mutameta tsitsi, osasamala posamalira. Amatha kukhala ndi masamba osavuta komanso awiriwiri.
- Khonde. Amakhala ofanana ndi ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa amakula bwino, koma masamba awo amatoleredwa mumaluwa osalala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zojambula pamapangidwe amalingaliro amunthu. Woneka bwino mu kapinga kamodzi, mabedi ammbali am'mbali mwa m'mbali mwa njira zam'munda komanso m'miphika yapayokha pamsewu.
Monga tawonera pagululi, mfumukazi yamaluwa imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri ndipo mitundu iliyonse imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Zidzakhala zovuta kuti mafani athe kuthana ndi "mayi" wopanda tanthauzo m'munda, koma maluwa azomera amalimbikira.
Chifukwa cha "mitundu" yambiri yamaluwa, amatha kusankhidwa chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira yakumwera komanso nyengo yozizira ku Siberia, ndipo dimba lomwe likufalikira mosangalala lidzakhala lonyadira eni ake komanso kuchitira nsanje oyandikana nawo.
Kusankha malo obwera
Musanagule, muyenera kusankha pazinthu za agrotechnical za tchire, kukula kwake ndi kutalika kwake, mawonekedwe ake, maluwa ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, komanso sankhani mfumukazi yoyandikana nayo yomwe ingakwaniritse zosowa m'munda wa duwa. Pakati pa mitundu yambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe zomwe zimapezeka ndi oweta zoweta kapena achi Dutch. Mbande ziyenera kukhala ndi mizu yotukuka bwino ndikulumikizidwa panthawi yogula. Malowa ayenera kusankhidwa kukhala dzuwa, monga mfumukazi iliyonse, duwa limakonda kusangalala ndi cheza chaulemerero kuti aliyense azisilira. Mitundu yochepa yokha imasinthasintha mosavuta kukhala mthunzi pang'ono. Ngati dzuwa silokwanira chomera, ndiye kuti mfumukazi yopanda tanthauzo imayamba kufota ndipo pang'onopang'ono imafota.
Rose sakonda chinyezi chambiri. M'malo obzala, madzi apansi ayenera kukhala ozama kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kusankha phiri la duwa lanyumba. Nthaka ndi acidic pang'ono kapena yopanda ndale. Ngati malo omwe ali pamalowo sakukwaniritsa izi, ndiye kuti nthaka yolowetsedwa itipulumutsa. Mizu ya mfumukazi imafunikira ngalande yabwino yomwe imamupulumutsa nthawi yamvula. Pamalo otseguka, mbande zimakumbidwa kumapeto kwa masika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe, nthaka ikaotha bwino.
Duwa lomwe linayambira Kum'mawa limafuna dzuwa lotuluka. Chodabwitsa, izi sizinachitike chifukwa chakukhudzidwa ndi dziko lakale. Chifukwa chake ndichabwino kwambiri: maluwa amaphimbidwa ndi mame m'mawa. Pakadutsa nthawi yamasana, masamba ake ndi masamba ake amayenera kuyanika ndi dzuwa lotuluka, chifukwa chinyezi chimadzetsa matenda a fungal.
Chisamaliro
Roses amafunika kudyetsedwa munthawi yake, pomwe mfumukazi zidzayankha ndikuthokoza ngati mawonekedwe obiriwira. Njirayi imachitika masika nthawi yopanga mphukira komanso nthawi yotentha nthawi yotsegulira mphukira. M'dzinja, kudyetsa sikofunikira, chifukwa kumayambitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano chisanu, chomwe ndi chosafunika. Kamodzi pamlungu, tchire limathiriridwa. Ngati chilimwe chidakhala chouma kwambiri, ndiye kuti pafupipafupi ndondomekoyi iyenera kuwirikiza kawiri. Kuthirira kumachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo, kuti mizu ya duwa m'nthaka yotenthedwa isakhale "yophika" yamoyo m'madzi otentha. Kumasula nthaka kuyeneranso kuchitidwa munthawi yake. Mizu imafunikira mpweya wabwino, womwe umatseka nthaka yolimba. Mulching nthaka ndi yotheka, yomwe ingalepheretse kukula kwa namsongole kuzungulira munda wa duwa. Mitundu ina iyenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu. M'chaka, mphukira zamatenda zimadulidwa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti chomeracho chitulutse mphukira zamphamvu, ndipo sichimawononga timadziti pa chofooka. Katatu pa nyengo, maluwa amapopera ndi mitundu yapadera kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Zosankha zokongoletsa tsambali ndi maluwa
Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mitundu yoluka ndiyabwino pazomera zowoneka bwino ndi maheji. Mitundu yosakanizidwa yamalire idzawoneka bwino mumitundu yomweyo. Maluwa a Floribunda ndi Grandiflora ndioyenera kupangika payekha.
Ziwombankhanga, zazing'ono zamtchire zimayenda mosakanikirana ndi mixborder. Bedi lamaluwa lokhala ndi mfumukazi yamaluwa lokha limatchedwa duwa lamaluwa. Amagawidwa m'mitundu:
- Mwambo. Mulinso mitundu yosiyana siyana.
- Ofukula. Amagwiritsa ntchito chimango ngati gazebo kapena pergola pakukwera mitundu.
- Zachikondi. Amakhala pafupi ndi malo osangalalira: patio, gazebos, masitepe.
- Zikuwoneka mbali imodzi. Yoyenera kukongoletsa mkati mwa mpanda kapena pafupi ndi khoma la nyumba.
- Zikuwoneka kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri. Abwino udzu ndi madera apakati.
- Mobile. Maluwa amabzalidwa m'miphika yotsogola ndipo, ngati kungafunike, amatha kusintha nyumba yawo kukhala yatsopano.
- Minda yamiyala. Mitundu yotsika kwambiri imakongoletsa nyimbo zamiyala ndi miyala.
Tidzakambirana za mtundu wanji wamaluwa omwe angapangidwe kuchokera ku maluwa ndi momwe angachitire moyenera.
Ofukula duwa munda
Kuti mupange dimba loyimirira, muyenera chimango. Denga la nyumba kapena zomangira zopangira zopingasa zimatha kugwira ntchito yake. Maluwa okwera amabzalidwa pang'ono kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa chomera chodzikonda sichimalola mpikisano ngakhale kuchokera kwa abale. Minda yamaluwa yowoneka bwino imawoneka bwino, pomwe tchire lachifumu limasinthana ndi clematis. Ndikofunika kuphatikiza zomera kutengera mtundu wa masambawo. Ngati mukufuna duwa losiyanitsa, ndiye kuti maluwa oyera oyera kapena amtambo a clematis adzagogomezera maluwa ofiira. Kuti apange mapangidwe ofanana, osakhwima, kuphatikiza kwa pinki ndi masamba achikaso ndi oyenera.
Zipinda ndi mabwalo
Ndi mpanda wa maluwa, mutha kuyika tsamba lanu, kutchinga mpanda wosawoneka bwino, kukongoletsa nyumba, kapena kuzungulira malo achinsinsi komanso kupumula. Kuti apange "mpanda" wachifumu, mitundu yolusa komanso yoluka ndiyabwino. Otsatirawa akuyenera kukhala ndi zida zogwirizira bwino. Arches a maluwa adzagogomezera kusintha kuchokera kudera lina latsamba kupita lina. Adzafotokozera "khomo" lophiphiritsa kudera lapadera: dimba, malo opumulirako, ngodya yopanda ndi dziwe ndi mabenchi. Chipilalacho chimatha kugulidwa chokonzekera kapena chodzipangira nokha kuchokera ku slats zoonda komanso matabwa olimba othandizira. Pakukongoletsa chimango, mitundu yokwera yokha ndiyoyenera. Mavesi oterewa amawoneka bwino mumipanda kapena m'matumba. Maluwa amabzalidwa nthawi yophukira kapena masika. Njira yoyamba ndi yoyenera mitundu yamphatira kumtengo winawake. M'chaka, mbande zomwe zimabweretsa zimakumbidwa. Nthawi yachilimwe idzakhala yokwanira kuti azolowere mawonekedwe apadera nyengo nyengo yofatsa. Kwa ma hedge, maluwa amtundu wa Rugosa gulu la hybrids amawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino.
Mabedi a maluwa ndi zitunda
Maluwa - mabedi amaluwa oyenera ndi ma bumpers. Amatha kubzalidwa ndi maluwa amtundu umodzi kapena nyimbo zophatikizika. Pali zosankha zambiri pamitundu yophatikiza. Rabatki ndi mabedi otambalala omwe nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa munjira zam'munda. Kutalika kwawo kocheperako ndi mita imodzi ndi theka. Zomera mwa iwo zimabzalidwa m'mizere kuyambira chimodzi mpaka zitatu tchire. Maluwa a Rabat nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi tchire, petunias, godetia, daylilies ndi crocuses. Posankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chidwi chimaperekedwa kwa prickick yake. Ngati minga ya duwa imamatira ku miyendo ya anthu omwe akudutsa munjirayo, kalatayo iyenera kukankhidwanso pang'ono ndikuiyika. Zitsamba zochepa zimawoneka ngati zabwino kwambiri pamabedi amtundu uwu.
Ngati dimba laling'ono kwambiri kuti lingafanane ndi kukongola kwa maluwa ngati mabedi amaluwa, mutha kupita pang'ono ndikubzala maluwa ofanana. Ndi mitengo yaying'ono, osati tchire yachikhalidwe, korona wake wokongoletsedwa ndi masamba.
Zoletsa ndi ma parterres
Malire omwe amatsata njira zam'munda amawoneka bwino komanso aukhondo. Rose ndi mlendo wobwera kuderali. Ma curbs amagawidwa kutalika ndi mitundu itatu:
- Pamwamba.
- Avereji.
- Zochepa.
Kuti apange zomalizazi, amagwiritsa ntchito maluwa ndi patio zazing'ono. Floribundas ndi mitundu ya polyanthus ndizoyenera zazitali. Kwa ma curbs apakati, zitsamba zazitali zazing'ono (40-60 cm) zimasankhidwa. Parterre ndi duwa lamaluwa kutsogolo kwa khonde la nyumbayo, chokongoletsera chachikulu "chakunja" chakunja. Amagwiritsa ntchito mabedi odabwitsa kwambiri. Mabedi a maluwa opaka matepi omwe amapanga mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe amtundu wake adzawoneka modabwitsa. Tchire limodzi la tiyi wosakanizidwa kuphatikiza mitundu yaying'ono yamapangidwe ndiloyenera kalembedwe ka Chingerezi pakupanga mawonekedwe.
Malo okhala ndi maluwa a Austin
Maluwa a Austin amadziwika kuti ndi okongola pakati pa maluwa achifumu. Amasamalidwa mwapadera ku England, komwe minda yamaluwa imayikidwa m'maluwa awa. Duwa la Austin ndiloponseponse, limatha kukhala gawo la mixborder, limakula palokha pamalo amodzi, kukhala mbali ya bedi lamaluwa kapena tapeworm. Zitsambazi zimakhala zoyera, zozungulira. Mukadulidwa nthawi zonse, duwa silikulira m'mwamba ndipo limatulutsa mphukira zomwe zimafota pansi.
Solo ananyamuka
Maluwa akutali adzakopa chidwi. Kwa mabedi amaluwa amtunduwu, amasankhidwa maluwa okongola okhaokha, omwe atha kukhala okongoletsa kwambiri malowa. Maluwa amchere ndi oyenera m'malo ang'onoang'ono pomwe kulibe malo okwanira kapinga wamkulu. Kuti chitsamba chiwoneke chopindulitsa, ndibwino kuti mubzale pamalo otseguka omwe amawoneka bwino. Mitundu yaying'ono ndi zitsamba sizichita bwino pantchitoyi. Kuti mupange payekha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe zitsamba zazitali zazitali, zomwe zidzakwera pamwamba pa kapinga wa 50-60 cm
Mixborder - choti muphatikize maluwa ndi
Makina osakanikirana ndi potpourri yamaluwa yomwe imafinyidwa m'munda wamaluwa.Mitundu yokhayokha ya tiyi ndiyo imavuta kulekerera oyandikana nawo, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuwabzala m'mabulu kapena mchere. Magulu otsalawo amatha kukhala bwino ndi zomera zina, ngati zotsalazo zimasankhidwa molondola. Kuti tifotokoze momveka bwino, tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo chosavuta. Maluwawo amapatsidwa chilengedwe ndi moyo wautali. Mitengo ina ya rosehip imakhala zaka zopitilira 5. Zaka zakulima maluwa, zowona, sizosangalatsa: ali ndi zaka 25-30 zokha mosamala. Ngati mfumukazi ili ndi oyandikana nawo "oyipa" omwe sangapeze "chilankhulo chimodzi", zaka zawo zitha kuchepetsedwa kukhala zaka 5-10. Ndibwino kuti mubzale crocuses, snowdrops, ndi muscaria pakati pa tchire mu mixborder. Omaliza a banja la bulbous azikongoletsa munda wamaluwa masika, pomwe maluwa amangopeza mphamvu. Amaphatikizidwanso ndi tchire la privet, lilacs, mthethe, sea buckthorn, hastas ndi conifers. Pakati pa masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse, cotoneaster, magnolias ndi pyracantha ndi oyenera. Oyandikana nawo pakati pa ma conifers ndi thuja, spruce, ndi juniper.
Masitaelo a Rose ndi masitayilo
Mfumukazi yamaluwa imagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndipo imagwirizana pafupifupi madera onse amapangidwe achilengedwe. Amalumikizana ndi Chingerezi chokhwima, chosangalatsa cha a Moorish komanso mawonekedwe achilendo. Tchire la Rose limaphatikizidwa ndi zojambula zojambula mu Provence wachikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha Chifalansa. Masitepe ndi zibonga mumayendedwe aku Spain ndi Mediterranean nawonso samamaliza popanda fungo labwino la duwa. Zikhulupiriro zaku Japan zilandila mfumukazi yamaluwa kumunda wotsekedwa ndi manja awiri. Nyimbo zoyipa zakumayiko ndi laconic m'njira yosavuta yaku Russia sizingachitenso popanda tchire lanyalanyaza pang'ono.
Mapeto
Mlendo wopanda nzeru kum'mawa amadziwa kufunika kwake, chifukwa chake muyenera kulipira kukongola kwake mosamala komanso kuda nkhawa ndi tchire. Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa imachita mwamphamvu pakusintha kwanyengo pang'ono, kotero mlimi woyambira kumene amayenera kusungitsa mashelufu onse am'mabuku apadera momwe zifukwa za "machitidwe" achilengedwe azomera adzafotokozedwera mchilankhulo chofikirika. Pokongoletsa malo, mfumukazi yamaluwa imabwera koyamba. Udindo wake woyenerera ndi woyenera, chifukwa kukongola koteroko, kwakuthupi kophatikizana ndi fungo labwino komanso kukoma kwa masamba sikungapezeke muzomera zina. Rozi idzafuna kuyamikiridwa ndi kuyamikiridwa, ndipo poyamika chifukwa chaulemu, adzakusangalatsani ndi masamba abwino, omwe adzakhale owala pachithunzi cha tsamba lanu.
