Patchwork ndi njira yolumikizira zigamba zobalalika m'mazithunzi amodzi. Zomaliza zomaliza zimatchedwa quilts. Ma quilts, ma pillowases, othandizira pobowola, matawulo, ma carpets, zopondera komanso zovala zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku zotsalira. Patchwork mkati imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse, chifukwa ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito mwa njirayi ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene, ndipo zinyalala za nsalu zimapezeka m'nyumba iliyonse. Zomalizidwa zimatha kusiyanasiyana kapena kusiyanitsa, kutengera kusankha kwa mitundu ndi kapangidwe kake. Mawu enieni ochokera ku Chingerezi "patchwork" amatanthauziridwa kuti "zopangidwa ndi nsanza." Amayi amisiri nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi nsalu za thonje. Zinthuzo ndi zotchipa, zosavuta kudula ndikusoka, kuwonjezera apo, zimatenga nthawi yayitali. Zidutswa zimadulidwa molingana ndi ma tempuleti amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kenako amalumikizana mosamalitsa molingana ndi luso la zojambulajambula, ngati kuti akusonkhanitsa chithunzi chimodzi m'mitundu iwiri. Mkati mwake, ukadaulo woterewu wa zingwe udzawoneka wachilendo komanso wosangalatsa kwambiri. Tiyeni tikambirane zakuti zigamba zidawonekera liti komanso liti, ndimapangidwe ati omwe amaphatikizidwa bwino, ndipo ndi zokongoletsa zotani zamagulu (osati nsalu) zomwe zitha kutsitsimutsa mawonekedwe azipinda zosiyanasiyana.
Mbiri ya mawonekedwe
Tsoka ilo, nsalu ndizosakhalitsa, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri kuphunzira za mbiri ya chiyambi cha njira yoyambayo, yotchedwa "patchwork". Titha kunena kuti kusoka kwa zigamba kumawonekera m'maiko osiyanasiyana mofananira, chifukwa aliyense wosoka zovala nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zinyalala. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kutaya zidutswazo, koma sizoyeneranso kuzinthu zina zathunthu. Chifukwa chake adabwera ndi njira yachilendo yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopewa kutaya zinyalala zamatenda, ndikuzisintha mwanjira ina. Chimodzi mwazopezeka zakale kwambiri, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zigamba, zimasungidwa ku Cairo Museum of Antiquities. Ili ndi bulangeti laling'ono lokongoletsedwa ndi zidutswa za khungu la antelope. Ku Africa ndi Asia, nsalu zosokedwa pamatumba zimakongoletsedwabe ndi mawonekedwe. Kudera la China, pansi pa phanga lina loyera lakutidwa ndi kalapeti, yomwe idatengedwa kuchokera pazidutswa za zovala za amwendamnjira. Panjira yopita kumalo awa, adawasiya pamtengo ndi nthambi zazitali zamitengo. Malinga ndi malingaliro omwe ambiri amavomereza, omenyera ufulu wawo adabweretsa zolembera ku Old World. Nthawi zambiri amabwera kuchokera kumakampeni opanda kanthu, koma ndi zinthu zachilendo m'malo amenewa.
Ku America, patchwork idayamba kuchitidwa pazifukwa zachuma. Kufunika kwa "moyo watsopano pazinthu zakale" kunayamba asanakhazikike, omwe ambiri amasunga ndalama zawo popita kunyanja. M'dziko laling'ono, mwambowu udabuka pakati pa theka lachikazi: adasonkhana m'magulu akulu madzulo ndipo, poyatsa makandulo, amaphatikiza bizinesi ndi chisangalalo (kusoka ndi kuyankhula). Ku Russia, mawu oti "patchwork", sichinakwaniritsidwe, koma patchwork idakhala paliponse. Kuchokera ku zidutswa zamitundu ingapo adapanga chikhodzodzo ndi ziguduli, zomwe zimakongoletsa zipinda zamkati zazinyumba. Zomalizazi zikupezekabe pamawonekedwe achi Russia: ndi njira zowongoka zopangidwa ndi nsalu zazitali zambiri. Mabulangete achichepere, omwe ankapangidwanso pamatumba osokererana, amatchedwa mabulosi. Pakatikati mwa zaka zana zapitazi, zolemba zinaiwalika pang'ono. Mkubwera kwa mafashoni opangira zopangidwa ndi manja, ayambanso kutchuka. Monga tanenera kale, njirayi ndi yosavuta, kotero ngakhale osapanganso maluso, mutha kupanga bulangeti kapena pilo nokha.
Patchwork imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Zipangizo zamakono ndizofanana. Kusiyana kokha ndikuti ma appliqués omwe asonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kuzidutswa zosiyanasiyana amasokedwa kumunsi.
Kuyanjana ndi masitaelo
Ngakhale pakuwona koyamba zitha kuwoneka kuti patchwork ndi tsogolo la madera akumidzi okha, sichoncho. Mabulangete okongola, zopota ndi ma pillowases amakongoletsa zipinda zokongoletsedwa m'mawonekedwe amdziko (Provence, Russian). M'madera amkati, amakhala ocheperako. Komabe, kutengera mtundu ndi utoto wa nsalu zomwe amasoka zokongoletsera, zitha kukhala zokongoletsa zazing'ono, zamakono, zaku Scandinavia, kalembedwe ka atsamunda, shabby chic, art deco ndipo, nthawi zina, ngakhale zapamwamba. Zogulitsa zapatchwork sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa osati mipando komanso pansi, koma ngakhale makoma. Kuchokera pazidutswa za nsalu, kuphatikiza njira ya patchwork ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, mutha kupanga gulu lokongola. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyana, amapanga zojambula zoyambirira pakhoma.
Patchwork patchwork ndi masitayilo ake ndi maluso
Patchwork imagawidwa m'mitundu yosiyana yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi mayiko omwe amachitirako kawirikawiri:
- Kum'maŵa. Kawirikawiri, zidutswa za mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kukula kwake zimasokedwa palimodzi, koma zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsa zoyambirira: ma sequin, mikanda yayikulu, mikanda, ngayaye ndi mphonje.
- Chijapani. M'malo mwake, ili ndi mphukira chabe yakum'mawa, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi silika m'malo mwa nsalu za thonje. Zolembazo zimakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa okongola, ndipo malowo amakongoletsedwa ndi ulusi wa sashiko, wachikhalidwe cha azimayi osowa ku Japan.
- Chingerezi. M'mawonekedwe awa, mabwalo ofanana kukula adasokedwa. Nthawi zambiri, zidutswa zokhala ndi mawonekedwe anzeru zimasankhidwa mkati mwa mitundu iwiri yofanana. Zomalizidwa zimayang'ana laconic komanso zaukhondo.
- Zopenga zopindika. Ndondomeko yamisala yomwe imaphatikiza ma shreds mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, makulidwe ndi mitundu. Zokongoletsanso zitha kukhala zosiyana: maliboni, mikanda, mabatani, ruffles, mikanda, sequins.
Chovala choluka, chomwe akazi amisiri amagwiritsa ntchito singano zoluka kapena zokopa, ziyenera kudziwika mosiyana. Choyamba, mabwalo amapangidwa ndi ulusi wamitundumitundu, kenako amasokedwa. Patchwork imagawidwa m'njira zotsatirazi:
- Mabwalo. Njira yosavuta kwambiri kuchitira. Zigawozi ndizofanana ndipo zimadulidwa motere, kapena kusokedwa kuchokera pagulu (nthawi zambiri atatu kapena anayi).
- Makona atatu. Chitsanzocho ndi chovuta kwambiri. Monga lamulo, ma shreds amakhala ngati ma triangles a isosceles, omwe amasonkhana m'mabwalo akulu.
- Mikwingwirima. Zitha kupezeka zofananira wina ndi mzake, zimangoyang'ana chidutswa chachikulu pakati pa chinthucho, kapena kutsanzira "njerwa", ndiye kuti, chidutswa chilichonse m'mizere yoyandikana chimayikidwa ndikusintha.
- Zisa za uchi. Chogulitsidwacho chimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku ma hexagoni. Kunja, chinsalucho chimafanana ndi uchi.
- Lyapochikha. Ukadaulo waku Russia, womwe umakupatsani mwayi wopeza zokolola, zowoneka zoyipa pang'ono. Zingwe kapena zomangira zimasankhidwa kuchokera ku nsalu zokhala ndi ulusi wopota kapena mulu, zomwe zimatsimikizira kusakhazikika konseko. Amasokedwa pamunsi pazenera momwemonso kuti malekezero onse atha mosasunthika. Umu ndi momwe zinthu zochulukirapo zimapezedwera.
- Wozandima. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito zidutswa zazitali zofanana, koma zosiyana ndi utoto. Akonzereni ngati ma cell pa chessboard.
Palinso njira ina yomwe ingakhale yovuta pakati pazovuta kwambiri. Njira yamadzi yopangira madzi imaphatikizapo kupanga chithunzi chathunthu kuchokera kumagawo ofanana ndi kukula kwake, koma amtundu wosiyana. Mithunzi iyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti ipeze zojambula "zotsukidwa" pang'ono, zomwe ndizofanana ndi zithunzi zopangidwa ndi utoto wamtunduwu.
Matayala amatchalitchi
Patchwork mukutanthauzira kwakukulu kwa mawu sikutanthauza kungogwira ntchito ndi nsalu. Njira yophatikizira chopukutira kuchokera ku china chake yasokoneza ngakhale zinthu zomalizira. Opanga matayala adayamba kupanga ma seti apadera, pomwe chidutswa chilichonse chimakongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wapadera. Mutha kukhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo kuti mudzitengere nokha "zithunzi" zotere. Matailowa amayalidwa pansi, makoma a bafa kapena thewera la kukhitchini, zomwe zikhala zowonekera mkatikati mwa chipinda chino.
Zolemba pazithunzi
M'malo mokhala ndi zotopetsa, makomawo amatha kukongoletsedwa ndi chophimba chodzipangira, chophatikizidwa ndi zidutswa za wallpaper kapena nsalu. Pachiyambi choyamba, ndikwanira kusunga zotsalira za zida kuchokera pakukonzanso komaliza, ndikupempha zidutswa zosafunikira kuchokera kwa abwenzi. Chithunzicho chimadulidwa mzidutswa, chosankhidwa molingana ndi mfundo zoyanjana ndikusakanikirana ndi khoma. Nsalu imasokedwa kuchokera ku chovalacho ndi kuyikapo pamwamba ndi misomali kapena chakudya. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nsalu zimasonkhanitsa fumbi ndikumununkhiza, chifukwa chake zokongoletsera zimayenera kuchotsedwa pafupipafupi kuti zitsukidwe.
Zovala zapatchwork
Makalapeti ndi zopota zimasokedwa kuchokera ku zotsalira za zida zolimba komanso zolimba. Nsalu zachikhalidwe za thonje kapena silika wosakhwima sizoyenera izi. Monga lamulo, amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa zachilengedwe, ma jean kapena zidutswa za makalapeti akale, okalamba, omwe adadutsa ngati dazi. Ngakhale kalembedwe ka rustic, zidutswa zokhala ndi "dazi" zimayang'ananso bwino. Makalapeti samangosokedwa, komanso osokedwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosakhwima ngati izi kukhitchini komanso panjira, chifukwa kumeneko azivala mwachangu. Njira za "Tackle" zimasokedwa kuchokera ku zotsalira za nsalu zopyapyala, chifukwa mizereyo idakulungidwa mosamala ndiku "phwanyidwa", ikukonzedwa pamalowo ndi ulusi.
Zitsanzo zogwiritsa ntchito m'zipinda
Mutha kukongoletsa nyumba yonse ndi zinthu zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira. Matchulidwe amtunduwu amalumikiza zipinda zosiyana ndikupanga mkati. Pabalaza, m'chipinda chogona ndi nazale, amagwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsa za nsalu zambiri. Kakhitchini, zosankha kuphatikiza zimasankhidwa kuchokera ku nsalu ndi matailosi, ndipo matayala a ceramic okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mchimbudzi.
Pabalaza
Pabalaza, zigawo zamalankhulidwe zimakongoletsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Makamaka zinthu zokongoletsa zimakongoletsa gulu la mipando yopuma: amakongoletsa mipando ndi zisoti ndi zokutira, kuphimba sofa ndi bulangeti, kuphimba pansi ndi mapilo m'mapilozesi opangidwa ndi manja, kuphimba pansi ndi kalipeti. Ngakhale mchipinda chino matchulidwe amatha kupangidwa pamakatani kapena pakhoma pomwe penti ya "watercolor" kapena chinsalu chodziwika bwino chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumapangidwe azithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana chidzapachikidwa. Ngati chipinda chochezera chili ndi poyatsira moto, ndiye kuti kumaliza kwake kotopetsa kumatha kusinthidwa ndi matayala okongola a ceramic omwe adayikidwa kalembedwe kake.
M'khitchini
Kwa khitchini, zokongoletsa za nsalu ndi ma patchwork ceramics amasankhidwa. Pofuna kuti chilengedwe chikhale chokongola komanso chosangalatsa, chipindacho chimakongoletsedwa ndi nsalu zamatchalitchi, nsalu ya patebulo, zopangira, zopangira zotentha kapena matawulo. Ngati malo odyera nawonso amaphatikizidwa ndi malo ophikira, ndiye kuti akhoza kukongoletsedwa ndikuphimba pansi ndi kalipeti kamene kamatsata mizere ya tebulo. Choyikapo nyali kapena chandelier chimaphimbidwanso ndi nsalu yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira. Zidutswa za ceramic zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa pansi, makoma ndi backsplash. Yankho labwino komanso losazolowereka lidzakhala lokongoletsa pamwamba pa malo ogwirira ntchito kapena patebulo patebulo ndi "zigamba".
Mu nazale
M'chipinda cha ana, chikopa kapena chopondera chimawonjezera chitonthozo chapadera. M'nyumba mwa atsikana, chofunikira kwambiri ndi mitundu yosalala ya pinki, pichesi, timbewu tonunkhira, miyala yamchere. Zovala zamtundu wa buluu, imvi, zobiriwira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mchipinda cha anyamata. Zigawo za monochromatic nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa ndi zidutswa zomwe zimajambula zojambula: nyama, magalimoto, nthano, zojambula kuchokera ku nthano za ana. Kwa mayi wachitsikana, malekezero amatha kupereka mwayi wodziwa njira yatsopano, ndikupangira zokongoletsa mchipinda chake ndi makolo ake.
Kuchipinda
Patchwork pakhoma pamutu pa kama idzawoneka bwino mchipinda chogona. Bedi lenilenilo limakongoletsedwanso ndi chofunda komanso mapilo otoleredwa kuchokera ku zidutswa. Pansi mbali zonse ziwiri za bedi, mutha kuyala kalipeti wofewa. Mu mitunduyo ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsatira kuphatikiza kophatikizana ndi zolemba zachikondi: pinki, lilac, buluu, wobiriwira, malankhulidwe amtambo. Njira yoyamba idzakhala yolumikizana ndi nyali zophatikizika, zomwe zimayikidwa pansi kapena patebulo la pambali pa kama. Ngati chipinda chogona ndichachikulu kapena chophatikizidwa ndi dera lina, ndiye kuti mutha kusiyanitsa ndi chinsalu chomwe nsalu ya nsalu imakokedwa pazitsulo kapena matabwa.
Mapeto
Patchwork idzakhala yokongoletsa bwino osati kokha mkati komanso mopanda laconic mkatikati mwa nyumba yotentha kapena nyumba yakumidzi, komanso malo olimba a nyumba yanyumba. Njira yama patchwork idaleka kale kukhala gawo la masitayilo apadera a rustic. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ntchito yoluka pamalamba yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri opanga mapangidwe ake kotero kuti mawonekedwe ake ayamba kutsegulidwa m'magulu ambiri opanga mipando ndi nsalu zokongoletsera mkati. Njirayi ndi yophweka ndipo sikutanthauza kupirira ngati, mwachitsanzo, nsalu kapena kugwira ntchito ndi mikanda. Ngati palibe zidutswa zokwanira kuti mupange kalipeti kapena chofunda, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kupyola zinthu zakale, komwe mungapeze zosankha zopanda tanthauzo zomwe simusamala kuyika lumo.
