Kusinthasintha ndi demokalase yamachitidwe aku America zimapangitsa kukhala koyenera kumagulu osiyanasiyana a anthu. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kuchita bwino mofanana m'malo okhala olemera kwambiri komanso mzindawo zanyumba zantchito wamba. Kumbali iyi, kutsata kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatha kutsatidwa - art deco, dziko, zapamwamba. Kuti mukonze bwino malowa malinga ndi mfundo za kalembedwe ka America, chipinda chachikulu chimafunika. Zinthu zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo izikhala ndi ufulu komanso kumasulidwa - gawo lalikulu la izi.
Za kalembedwe: mbiri ndi mawonekedwe azaka zosiyana
Kutuluka kwa kalembedwe ka America kudachitika koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 17. Pa nthawi imeneyi ndi pomwe oyamba ochokera ku Europe adayamba kufufuza zosadziwika, koma zokongola komanso zokopa kontinenti yakunja. Olemera ochokera kumayiko ena adayesetsa kukonzekeretsa nyumba zawo motsatira chikhalidwe chawo. Sizinali zophweka kubwereranso zachilengedwe pamalopo. Kuperewera kwa nsalu zoyenera ndi zomaliza sizinalole kuti zisonyeze bwino mawonekedwe amtundu wina wamkati. Chifukwa chake, pakukongoletsa nyumbazo, zinthu zakunja zidagwiritsidwa ntchito - zenizeni - zomwe zinali kupezeka. Ichi chinali chifukwa chonyamuka kuchoka kuuma komwe kumakhala mkati mwa "Dziko Lakale". Kalembedwe pang'ono ndi pang'ono.
Poyamba, ngakhale mipando yamtengo wapatali inali yosavuta komanso yogwira ntchito - malinga ndi mafashoni aku Britain. Pofika 1780, kuphweka kwake koyamba kunalowedwa m'malo ndi zojambula zokongola komanso chimanga chopindika. Nthawi yomweyo, zitsanzo zoyambirira za mipando yaku America idawonekera - zovala zovala monga ovala zovala, zodzikongoletsera wina pamwamba pa wina, kapena alembi omwe ali ndi ziwonetsero za wavy.
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, mapangidwe amtundu waku America anali atatsala pang'ono kumaliza. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa kwambiri ndikudziletsa, kukongoletsa kwa laconic, utoto wachilengedwe komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
Pambuyo pa World Exhibition of Industrial Achievements ku Paris koyambirira kwa zaka makumi awiri, dziko lonse lapansi ndi America, mwa zina, adachita chidwi ndi malingaliro a Art Deco. Chitsimikiziro cha izi ndi nyumba zapamwamba, zopitilira muyeso momwe makanema odziwika aku Hollywood a nthawiyo adajambulidwa.
Pafupifupi theka la zaka zana, kufunikira kwa zopangira zojambulajambula sikunachepe. Zilakolako zitatha, opanga adayesa kuyambitsa phokoso latsopano pofalitsa mutu wakumidzi. Koma mayitanidwe kuti azikhala mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe sanasangalatse aliyense, chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe amdziko omwe adalengezedwa panthawiyo sanapeze chithandizo chokwanira, ngakhale panali kubwerera pang'ono kulowera uku.
Zamkatimu zaku America masiku ano zimayesetsa kukhala ndi zovuta zazing'ono komanso kusankha mosamala chilichonse. Opanga mipando amakono ku United States amatsindika za kutonthoza, magwiridwe antchito ndi kukongola, m'malo mongodzitamandira.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mphamvu zakumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi zidawonekera pakupanga mawonekedwe aku America. United States yakhala yosangalatsa kwa nzika zakunja. Anasamuka ambiri kuchokera kumayiko ena kutsata loto laku America, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adatenga zidutswa za chikhalidwe chawo. Amwenye aku Europe, Africa, Asia, Latin America adathandizira kukulitsa izi. Zimaphatikiza mawonekedwe azikhalidwe zambiri, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mkati. Mtundu waku America utha kugawidwa malinga ndi kalembedwe ka komweko. Pali dziko lakale, lamakono, la neoclassical.
American neoclassical
Chofunika kwambiri pazamkati zotere ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta, komanso kusinthasintha kwodziwika. Apa, ukadaulo wamakono ndi zomangamanga zatsopano zimagwirizana bwino ndi mfundo zapamwamba pakupanga malo. Pamapangidwe ake, kupezeka kwa mapepala apulasitiki, nsalu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosakanikirana, kutengera poyatsira moto ndizovomerezeka.
American amakono
Chikhalidwe chamachitidwe amakono ndi kuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito ndi chitonthozo. Mipando yabwino mumapangidwe amakono amakonzedwa molingana ndi mfundo zakale. Ngakhale mipando amakono ikuchuluka, mkati mwake mutha kukhala ndi zinthu zapamwamba komanso zojambulajambula. Kuphatikizidwa kwazinthu zakutsogolo pamakonzedwe pamodzi ndi zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba zamkati zaku America. Pokongoletsa, malo oyatsira moto amatha kukhala limodzi ndi TV yakanthawi kanthawi, nyali zamtsogolo zokhala ndi mabotolo osowa ndi mafano, zojambulajambula ndi chojambulira chonyamulira.
Mtundu waku America
Chizolowezicho chinayambira m'nyumba zolemera zakumidzi, osati konse kumidzi, monga ambiri amakhulupirira. Kutsika mtengo ndi kudzimana sizomwe zimatanthauzira kalembedwe kameneka. Zojambula pamatabwa, pansi, matabwa osalimba padenga, ndi ziwiya zoyipa, zopangidwa ndi matabwa aiwisi ndizochitika mdziko muno. Gawo lofunikira la chipinda chochezera ndi malo amoto kutsogolo kwa malo okhala ndi mipando yabwino yolumikizidwa ndi chikopa kapena nsalu zoyipa zomwe zimapangidwa mwachilengedwe. Mtunduwu umayandikira kwambiri chilengedwe, chifukwa umatengera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodalirika komanso mitundu yachilengedwe.
Monga mukuwonera, zipinda zamkati zaku America zimakhala ndizosiyana kwambiri ndipo zitha kufotokozedwako mwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso muntchito yamakono kapena yothamanga.
Makhalidwe mikhalidwe ya kalembedwe
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana ku United States kwapangitsa kuti machitidwe achimereka azivuta. Ndizophatikiza zofananira zaku Europe, Africa ndi Oriental pakusankha kwa zowonjezera ndikupanga gulu limodzi, ndikuphatikiza miyambo ndi miyambo. Malo opangidwa mwanjira imeneyi, mbali ina, ndi aukhondo komanso owoneka bwino, komano, ndiosavuta, ogwira ntchito komanso okonda chilengedwe.
Malangizo aku America amadziwika ndi:
- kutsanzira zapamwamba, m'malo mwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi pulasitiki ndi MDF zatha;
- kutsogola kwa kuyatsa kwakunja komwe kumakhala kosavuta - kupezeka kwamiyala, nyali zapansi, nyali zama tebulo. Kuwala kwapakati kumagwiritsidwa ntchito muzipinda;
- kugawa malo m'magawo pogwiritsa ntchito magawo am'manja, malo otseguka otseguka;
- kuphatikiza zipinda ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana - khitchini imatha kukhala mchipinda chomwecho monga chipinda chodyera, malo ogona kapena pakhonde nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi chipinda chochezera;
- kuyika mipando pakati pakachipinda, osati pamakoma.
Mitundu yachikhalidwe
Mitundu yotsogola mkati mwa America ndi:
- zoyera - zitha kukhala maziko kapena kuwunikira zina mkatikati. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zoyera, zokongola m'maso - zamkaka, zonona. Amawoneka okongola modabwitsa kuphatikiza mitundu ya zinthu zachilengedwe, kuyimitsidwa ndikuwathandizira;
- beige - yotchuka pamgwirizano ndi zoyera, kapena ngati mtundu waukulu. Mitundu yocheperako poyerekeza ndi mthunzi wakale ndipo sikutanthauza kuyesayesa kwa titanic kuti mukhalebe ndi mawonekedwe abwino mchipindacho;
- mchenga - mthunzi wachikasu, nthawi zambiri umakhala ngati mawu omveka bwino. Chidutswa cha khoma, kapeti, mipando yolumikizidwa imatha kujambulidwa mu utoto uwu;
- chokoleti - mthunzi wowonjezera womwe umakupatsani mwayi wowunikira zomwe zili mkati ndikupatsa kukongoletsa kuzama ndi kupumula. Mtundu uwu ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakatani, kalipeti, mpando wamipando, matayala kapena denga.
Chipinda chogona chimatha kukhala ndimithunzi yabuluu ndi kapezi. Kukongoletsa mu utoto wagolide kapena chitsulo ndichabwino. Mitunduyi imagwirizana bwino ndi phale loyambirira. Kuphatikiza kosiyananso kulandiridwa mkatikati:
- zoyera ndi zofiira ndi zofiirira zakuda;
- yoyera ndi buluu ndi mchenga;
- yoyera ndi buluu ndi yofiira;
Mkati mwa America sayenera kudzazidwa ndi mitundu yowala. Kutsirizitsa pansi, makoma, denga, mitundu ya mipando yayikulu iyenera kuletsa, monochromatic. Mitundu yowala imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu omvera.
Kusankha kwa zida zomalizira
Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazamkati zaku America ndikuwoneka ngati kukwera mtengo. Zotsanzira za zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pano kuposa miyala yeniyeni, mitengo yolimba, ziwiya zadothi. Zotchuka zotchuka zimaphatikizira ma baguette osiyanasiyana, zomangira ndi chimanga. Zitha kukhala zamtundu uliwonse ndipo ziyenera kuwoneka zazikulu kwambiri. Amaphimba malo amtundu uliwonse, kusintha kuchokera kuzinthu zina kupita kwina, amakongoletsa zipata za zitseko.
Mpanda
Zipangizo zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa khoma. Mawonekedwe ake amapentedwa ndi utoto umodzi, kapena amapaka utoto wowoneka bwino. Zida zosanja zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunikira khoma lamalankhulidwe kapena gawo lake. Kuphatikizika koteroko kumakupatsani mwayi wopangitsa kuti mkati mwake muzioneka bwino, kutsindika kulimba kwake. Zolemba zabodza zam'mbali ndizodziwika ku America. Monga lamulo, zimamangirizidwa mozungulira chipinda chonse, kuyambira pansi mpaka kutalika kwa mita 1.5. Njira ina yopangira ndikumata khoma limodzi.
Pansi
Kwa zida zapansi, nthawi zambiri kuwala kosalala kumakhala kosavuta. Nthawi zambiri, matabwa a parquet amasankhidwa. Zitsulo zamiyala ndi matailosi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Zipangizozi nthawi zina zimamangiriridwa pansi kukhitchini kapena kubafa. Makalapeti okhala mkati mwa America siotchuka kwambiri. Koma kuti apange chisangalalo ndi chitonthozo, kanthiti kakang'ono kameneka kamayikidwa mchipinda chogona cha mbuye ndi alendo. Nthawi zambiri, makapeti amtundu umodzi amakonda, nthawi zina malo ofewa m'chipinda chochezera amakongoletsedwa ndi kapeti yokhala ndi zojambulidwa kapena maluwa, kapena kapeti yokhala ndi mulu wautali.
Kudenga
Siling nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda ulemu, yopaka utoto woyera. Nthawi zina, chimango chimakhala chamatabwa chosema, MDF, pulasitiki kapena zowuma, zomwe zimapangitsa chipinda kukhala chowoneka bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe ka dziko, denga limakongoletsedwa ndi matabwa akuluakulu opangidwa ndi matabwa achilengedwe kapena kutsanzira kwawo. Nthawi zina denga kapena zidutswa zake zimapakidwa ndi mapepala.
Kuyatsa
Malo otakasika amafuna zochitika zowunikira mosamala m'dera lililonse.
Malangizo aku America amadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito:
- malo owonekera mozungulira chipinda kapena malo okhalamo m'chipinda chachikulu chokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana;
- chandelier yolimba yokhala ndi nyanga zambiri ndi kuyimitsidwa pakatikati pa chipinda chochezera, chodyera kapena malo ogona;
- kuwonjezera zida zowunikira zam'deralo - mitundu yonse ya nyali zama tebulo, nyali zapansi, masikono, nyali.
Kuyatsa mkati mwa America ndikofunikira mwachilengedwe, kosakanikirana komanso kofewa.
Mipando: kusankha ndi kuyika
Makhalidwe apadera pakusankhidwa ndi kukonza mipando
- Zinthu zamkati zili mkatikati mwa chipinda kapena malo odzipereka omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito ena. Siliikidwa pamakoma. Zipinda zazikulu ndizothandiza kukonza nyimbo zabwino, ndikuzipanga pakati. Mwachitsanzo, sofa ndi mipando yamipando imayikidwa mozungulira tebulo la khofi, tebulo lodyera limayikidwa m'njira yoti pali njira yaulere kuchokera mbali zonse, ndipo mipando imazungulira. M'chipinda chogona, chapakati pamakhala bedi, ndipo kukhitchini, "chilumba" nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakatikati.
- Nthawi zambiri, mipando yayikulu ikuluikulu imasankhidwa, ndipo kukhitchini imagwiranso ntchito.
- Ngakhale chipinda chazandidwa, zinthu zam'nyumba yosanjikiza zimasankhidwa. Ayenera kuphatikizana pakati pawo pakupanga, kapangidwe, kukongoletsa, utoto ndi kapangidwe.
Nsalu
Mtundu wachikale waku America umadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zapamwamba kwambiri, zokongoletsedwa ndi kapangidwe kake kosavuta. Makatani nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi nsalu zachilengedwe kapena zosakanikirana. Nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono ojambula. Mwa kalembedwe kameneka, mafunde akuluakulu komanso obiriwira, ma ruffles ndi ma lambrequins sizoyenera. M'malo mwa makatani wamba, mapanelo aku Japan, khungu la Roma kapena khungu limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chalk ndi zokongoletsa
Okonza samalimbikitsa kutsitsa mkati ndi zinthu zazikulu zokongoletsera. Chitonthozo ndi kutakasuka ndizofunika pano, chifukwa chake nyumba zamkati, maluwa, zojambula, zojambula ndi zithunzi m'mafelemu okongola, mapilo okongoletsera kuti agwirizane ndi makatani ndi zofunda zofewa ndizoyenera kwambiri. Malo amoto okongoletsera amathandizira kuti pakhale malo osangalatsa.
Zitsanzo ndi maupangiri okongoletsa zipinda zosiyanasiyana mnyumba
Posankha kalembedwe kaku America kokongoletsa nyumba, muyenera kumvetsetsa izi - ndizovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa kutsata mikhalidwe yomwe ili mbali iyi pang'ono. Koma kutsatira malangizo ena pakusankha zida ndi mipando kumathandizira kukwaniritsa cholingachi, ngakhale mnyumba imodzi kapena situdiyo. Zosankha zamkati zamtundu waku America zimaperekedwa pachithunzichi.
Khwalala / khonde
Malo akulu omasuka, phale lowala, pafupifupi kusowa konse kukongoletsa - yankho labwino kwambiri panjira yopita pakhonde. Makhalidwe amtundu waku America amakulolani kuti mukhale ndi chipinda chachikulu, chosadukiza komanso chosasokoneza chomwe chingasangalatse anthu nthawi zonse akabwerera kwawo.
Pokongoletsa, ndibwino kuti musankhe pepala loyenda bwino kapena ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono. Amawoneka bwino kuphatikiza matabwa opepuka kapena mapanelo a MDF. Muthanso kusankha zokutira zamitundu yowala. Chofunikira ndikuti zimagwirizana wina ndi mnzake komanso kapangidwe kanyumba yonse.
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mipando yamatabwa yachilengedwe. Pamalo ochepa, muyenera kutaya mipando yosafunikira. M'chipinda chachikulu, m'malo mwake, simuyenera kudzitonthoza nokha, komanso kuwonjezera pa zovala, ndiyenera kuyika chifuwa cha zotungira, sofa yaying'ono, mipando yoluka ndi tebulo apa.
Pabalaza
Ndikofunika kukonza chipinda chochezera m'njira yoti chikhalebe chosavuta, chopepuka komanso chachikulu. Udindo waukulu umasewera ndi mipando yayikulu, yomwe imayikidwa bwino pakatikati pa chipinda chapafupi ndi malo ozimitsira moto kapena gulu lalikulu lapa TV. Mipando ndi sofa zimamangiriridwa mozungulira tebulo laling'ono la khofi. Kutalika kwakukulu pakati pa zinthu. M'malo mwa mipando yofewa, anzawo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kumutu wamutu. Zipangizo zamakono, laibulale, zokongoletsera zimayikidwa muzipangizo zamakono. Malo opingasa nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda zokongoletsa komanso zida zamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito makabati akulu kapena mashelufu sikuvomerezeka mkatikati.
Khitchini
Mtundu waku America ndichisankho chabwino kukhitchini yayikulu. M'zipinda ziwiri, chipinda chodyera chiyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi chipinda chochezera. Kulandila magawidwe kumakupatsani mwayi wosiyanitsa malo ophikira ndi malo odyera. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito magawano ochepera, kugwiritsa ntchito mashelufu, ma sliding panels. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kungotsegulira sofa ndi nsana wake kukhitchini. Njira ina ndikutchinga ndi chifuwa cha malembedwe pomwe zonyamulira zanyumba zidzaikidwa.
Dera lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi zowunikira zakomweko. Chandelier yayikulu imatha kuyikidwa pamwamba pa tebulo lodyera.
Ndi bwino kusankha mipando yoikidwako ndi mitengo yolimba kapena yophimba yomwe imatsanzira matabwa achilengedwe.Zojambula za Matt siziyenera kukhala ndi zokongoletsa zambiri. Ku khitchini yaku America, chinthu chotchuka kwambiri ndi chomwe chili pachilumba cham'mutu chomangira ndi hob yomangidwa, mozama kapena malo ena ogwirira ntchito. Ma bar bar nawonso ndiolandilidwa. Amatha kusiyanitsa khitchini ndi chipinda chochezera. Nthawi zambiri, aku America amasankha mtundu wofanana ndi U wofanana nawo. Zipangizo zokhazikika zimakonda. China choyenera kukhala nacho chachikulu chachikulu.
Chipinda chogona
Zipinda zogona zimatha kuphatikiza kalembedwe kakale komanso kamayiko. Pali mipando yochititsa chidwi, mitundu yopepuka ya pastel ndi nsalu zokongola. Malo ogulitsirawo amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mutu wapamwamba komanso phwando kumbali ya miyendo. Kumbali zonse ziwiri za bolodi pali matebulo awiri apabedi, okhala ndi ma drawers ndi nyali - tebulo kapena masikono. Pogona pa nsalu ndi zovala, muyenera kupereka bokosi la zotsekera, ndipo ngati malo alola, zovala zazikulu kapena chipinda chochezera. Zipando za Wicker ndi mipando yazitsulo yolumikizana ndi nyumba zamkati zamakono.
Bafa
Malo osambira m'nyumba ya ku America nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zenera lomwe limayika kuwala kokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, nyumbayi imakhala ndi zimbudzi zingapo - za ambuye - kuseli kwenikweni kwa chipinda chogona ndi cha alendo - pakhomo. Chachitatu chimayikidwa pafupi ndi chipinda cha ana. Bafa nthawi zambiri limaphatikizidwa ndi chimbudzi ndipo mumakhala mipando yocheperako. Monga mwalamulo, amangokhala ndi kabati pansi pa sink ndi kabati yopachikidwa yokhala ndi galasi pakhomo. Nthawi zonse mumakhala bafa kubafa. Ngati pali malo omasuka, kanyumba kakusamba kowonjezerako kangathe kukhazikitsidwa, koma bafa nthawi zonse limakhala lofunika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pansi pa zenera kapena pakati pa chipinda. Dera lomwe lili ndi chimbudzi nthawi zambiri limalekanitsidwa ndi magawano. Laminate kapena matailosi osagwira chinyezi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto. Kwa makoma, sankhani kujambula, kujambula. Windo limakongoletsedwa ndi nsalu yotchinga.
Zomwe zimakongoletsa nyumba mumachitidwe aku America
Kunyumba yaku America, chipinda chochezera chimapangidwira kulandira alendo. Sichizolowezi kuvula nsapato zanu pano, chifukwa chake zida zothandiza komanso zolimba zimasankhidwa. Nthawi zambiri, monga chisangalalo chabanja chokha, chipinda china chochezera chimakhala mchipinda chapamwamba. Njira ina ndikukonzekeretsa chipinda cha wachinyamata pano, ndikuwapatsa zida zamakono zamakono ndi zida zina zamakono - pano nyimbo zaphokoso sizisokoneza aliyense.
Malo okondedwa omwe banja lonse limasonkhana ndi chipinda chodyera. Pakudya, pamafunika kukambirana mavuto abanja, zisankho zazikulu zimapangidwa. Zida zimayenera kupanga malo osangalatsa, oyenera.
Ubwenzi wazachilengedwe umayamikiridwa pakupanga kwa khitchini. Ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa mawonekedwe. Nthawi zambiri, mitu yam'mutu ndi magulu odyera mkati mwazopangazi amapangidwa ndi matabwa achilengedwe.
Nyumba zaku America nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi malo angapo ogona. Mitu ya mabanja imakhala yotakasuka kwambiri, enawo amapita kwa ana. Makonzedwewo akalola, chipinda chogona chidzaperekedwadi. Palibe mipando ndi zokongoletsa zochulukirapo m'zipinda zogona. Zokongoletsazo zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano, yatsopano.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mabafa angapo. Momwemo, iyenera kukhala yosiyana m'chipinda chilichonse. Palibe zida mu bafa - boilers, washers and dryers. Pali chipinda chapadera cha iwo mnyumbamo kapena adayikidwa mchipinda chapansi.
Mapeto
Mtundu waku America - umaphatikiza zinthu zakale ndi zamakono. Mapulasitiki komanso kuwolowa manja kwa izi kumapangitsa kuti zizikhala mgulu lililonse la nyumba zokhala ndi malo okwanira.
