Kadzuwa kakang'ono m'nyumba ndi mphika wokongola ndilo loto la olima maluwa ambiri. Fungo lonunkhira la masamba okongola ndi mphukira zowonda zokongola zimatha kugonjetsa aliyense. Koma sikuti aliyense amasankha kubzala mbewu iyi m'nyumba - maluwa ndi otchuka chifukwa chokhazikika. Koma palibe chosatheka. Kusamalira iwo kulibe kovuta kuposa mitundu yamaluwa. Ngati malamulo ena atsatiridwa, amakusangalatsani ndi maluwa obiriwira kwa zaka zambiri. Malangizo ochokera m'nkhaniyi akuwuzani momwe mungasankhire ndi kuziyala tchire lokoma bwino, momwe mungasamalire bwino komanso momwe mungafalitsire.
Za chomera
Potted rose ndi yokongola shrub chomera kuchokera kubanja la Pinki. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mitunduyi ndi kukula kwake, komwe kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukulira m'nyumba. Kutalika kwa chitsamba nthawi zambiri sikudutsa masentimita 35-45.
Mbiri yakulima kwamaluwa m'nyumba ili ndi mbiri yakale. Ngakhale munthawi ya tsarist, zinali zotchuka kulima maluwa a tiyi kunyumba. Zophatikiza za "wachibale" wake waku China nthawi zambiri zimapezeka munthawi ya Soviet. Chomeracho chinali chosiyana ndi maluwa akuluakulu, obiriwira.
Lero pali mitundu yambiri ya "zokongola" zam'madzi. Amagawidwa m'magulu angapo otsatirawa - Miniature, Mini-Flora ndi Polyantha. Mitundu yaying'ono ya polyanthus ndi maluwa akumalire okhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, maluwa a patio, omwe adatchuka pakumadzulo kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, ndi otchuka kwambiri. Adabwera kuzipinda komanso nyumba zochokera m'mabwalo ang'onoang'ono omwe adatchulapo mayina awo.
Kuphatikiza apo, obereketsa aweta mitundu yambiri makamaka yolimidwa m'nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa ochokera ku Denmark ku Cordana. Oimira omwe amafunsidwa kwambiri a "banja" laling'ono ndi mitundu yachifumu ndi Patio. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, munthu sangalephere kuzindikira maluwa a Phwando - kutalika kwa makanda awa sikupitilira masentimita 14.
Momwe mungasankhire duwa m'sitolo
Nthawi yoyenera kugula duwa ndi February kapena Marichi. M'miyezi yozizira, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti maluwawo azolowere zatsopano, chifukwa chake mwayi wopulumutsa chomeracho umakulirakulira. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa duwa la matenda kuti musankhe mtundu wathanzi. Maluwa otere amakhala ndi mphukira zambiri zamasamba, ndipo mtanda wamatope mumphika umadzaza kwambiri ndi mizu. Pewani kugula zomera zokhala ndi masamba obwerera ndi masamba otayirira. Koma mu mphukira zowuma pang'ono palibe cholakwika, koma makungwa awo ayenera kukhala abwino komanso osalala. Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana pansi pa masamba kuti muwone ngati pali tizirombo.
Gulani maluwa kokha pamaukonde otsimikiziridwa omwe sangalole chisamaliro chosayenera cha mbewu. Kupatula apo, ngati dothi mumphika louma kamodzi mukamabereka kapena mukakhala m'sitolo, ndiye kuti siligwira ntchito kutsitsimutsa maluwawo. Poterepa, zidzangokhala ngati maluwa, omwe, komabe, angakusangalatseni kwakanthawi kochepa kuposa maluwa odulidwa. Ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa kupezeka kwa vutoli mowoneka.
Mutabweretsa chomeracho m'sitolo, muyenera kuchisunga m'chipinda chotentha +15. Ndikofunikanso kukhalabe ndi chinyezi chambiri mwa kupopera mbewu ndi madzi kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi katatu patsiku. Maluwa ndi masamba owuma ayenera kuchotsedwa akangowonekera.
Kusamalira mbewu kunyumba
Maluwa amkati ndi opanda pake komanso osavuta. Kusamalira iwo sikophweka. Komanso mwachilengedwe, amafunika nyengo yozizira m'chipinda chozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, maluwa samalekerera kutentha bwino, chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwatulutse panja nthawi yotentha.
Pali ma nuances ambiri omwe chikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe ake zimadalira. Chisamaliro choyenera chimabereka zipatso, ndipo chomeracho pobwezera chidzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa okongola. Ganizirani malamulo oyambira kusunga maluwa akunyumba.
Kusankha mpando
Ngati simukufuna kutumiza duwa lokhalitsa kapena lanyengo m'mundamu ndipo mukufuna kulimapo kunyumba, muyenera kusankha malo oyenera kuliika.
Maluwawo ndi chomera chokonda kuwala, koma amawopa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Pofuna kutumizidwa kwamuyaya, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kapena kum'mwera pazenera kuli koyenera. Amayatsa mokwanira bwino, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa "kukongola" kokoma. Komabe, m'malo ngati amenewa, chomeracho chimatha kutentha kwambiri, mwina sichitha kulimbana ndi kunyezimira.
Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti maluwa apulumuke nthawi ya masana, dzuwa likamawotcha mwamphamvu kwambiri. Pakadali pano, muyenera kusamalira maluwa okwera kwambiri, kapena kuwukonzanso kuchokera pawindo kupita kumtunda komwe sikudzala ndi kuwala. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuchotsa mphikawo patebulo lolumikizana ndiwindo kapena pa shelufu yoyikidwa pakhoma pafupi ndi zenera.
Kusankha dothi ndi mphika
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yolowera bwino ndikuloleza mpweya ndi chinyezi mosavuta kumizu. Katundu ameneyu amakhala ndi kaphatikizidwe kaphikidwe kophika komwe kamaperekedwa m'masitolo apadera. Mutha kusakaniza gawo lanu. Pali zosankha zingapo zanthaka zamaluwa amkati. Zitha kuphatikizira:
- Magawo anayi a nthaka ya sod, magawo anayi a humus ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga;
- Magawo awiri a humus, magawo awiri a peat, gawo limodzi la mchenga;
- Magawo awiri a peat, gawo limodzi lamunda wamunda, magawo 0,5 a mchenga, magawo awiri a humus.
Pambuyo polumikiza zigawo zikuluzikulu, m'pofunika kuthira mankhwala ophatikizika okonzeka - uwatsanulire ndi madzi otentha.
Kawirikawiri mphika umasankhidwa womwe umakhala wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wakale. Itha kukhala mainchesi angapo kukula kwake, ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5-8. Ngati duwa lidagulitsidwa mugalasi laling'ono, amaloledwa kutenga mphika wokulirapo. Kukula kwake kumakhala pansi pa 10-12 cm, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 15-20 cm, pafupifupi, ngati kutalika kwa mini-shrub. Ngati chomera chongogulidwa chatsopano chimabzalidwa mumphika wokulirapo, chimakula bwino. Rosa wamkulu amatha kubzalidwa mumphika wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 20-22 komanso m'mimba mwake masentimita 24.
Mphika wokwanira bwino wa duwa ndi ceramic wokhala ndi zotchingira glaze. M'chidebe choterocho, nthaka imakhalabe yonyowa nthawi yayitali. Ngati mukufuna kugula mphika wapulasitiki, sankhani imodzi yokhala ndi mbali zokulirapo komanso pansi.
Chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya
Kukhala bwino kwa chomera kumadalira mtundu wa microclimate wopangidwa mchipindacho.
Kuuma kwambiri kwa mpweya kumatha kuyambitsa matenda ndi tizirombo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusunga chinyezi pa 60-70%. Dzazani makontena ndi madzi ndikuwayika pafupi ndi chomeracho. Madzi asanduka nthunzi, zomwe zimapereka chinyezi chofunikira.
Ngati ndi kotheka, duwa limatha kupopera madzi otentha, okhazikika tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse. Pafupipafupi kupopera madzi kumatengera kuuma kwa mpweya komanso kutentha kwa chipinda. Ngati chipinda chili bwino, njirayo siyofunika. Zotsatira zakusamba kofunda zimathandizira kwambiri pazomera.
M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, kutentha kotentha kwa duwa ladzakhala madigiri 18-24. Kutentha ndi kuyanika kwa mizu kuyenera kupewedwa. M'nyengo yozizira - nthawi yogona - mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa madigiri 8-15. Mulimonsemo mphika suyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi ma radiator ndi zotenthetsera. Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso nthawi yomweyo kutetezedwa ku ma drafti. Chomeracho sichingalimbane ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha ndipo chimatha kukhala chakuda ngati chikatulutsidwa panja. Komabe, kusinthasintha kochepa tsiku ndi tsiku kumangomupindulitsa.
M'nyengo yotentha, duwa limatha kukhala ndi madigiri 30, koma ngati limangothiriridwa nthawi zonse komanso kuthiridwa mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuyisungira pamalo ozizira. Itha kukhazikitsidwa mchipinda chokhala ndi zowongolera mpweya, bola ngati ili patali kwambiri ndi komwe kuzizira.
Kuyatsa
Maluwa amkati ayenera kuikidwa mu gawo la nyumba yomwe imadzitama nthawi zonse komanso yowala kwambiri, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuyatsa. Pomwe padzakhala kuwala kokwanira kwa duwa maluwawo amamasula kwambiri ndikukula bwino. Maluwa mumiphika amaikidwa pazenera. Komanso, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawindo kumwera. Masana, m'pofunika kuchotsa chomeracho ku ndege zomwe zadzaza ndi kunyezimira, kapena kuziteteza ku dzuwa ndi makatani kapena khungu. Ngati sizingatheke kubzala mbewu, muyenera kuzisunthira kumazenera akum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Nthawi yotsala, kuyatsa kowonjezera sikungakhale kopepuka, mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera.
Kuthirira
Kuti muchepetse nthaka mumphika, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa okhazikika kapena otentha, kutentha kapena kutentha pang'ono.
Kutsirira mwamphamvu kumasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, gawo lokula mwachangu ndi maluwa limachitika. Choncho, panthawiyi, chomeracho chimafuna chinyezi chambiri. Iyenera kupangidwa kangapo pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira-yozizira, mphamvu ndi pafupipafupi kuthirira ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Potentha, musanyowetse dothi koposa kamodzi pa sabata. Pakati pa kuthirira, nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi nthawi youma kuya masentimita 2-3. Kupanda kutero, nthaka acidification ikhoza kuchitika. M'nyengo yozizira, chiopsezo cha acidification m'nthaka chimakula. Izi zingayambitse mizu yovunda. Madzi otsala poto ayenera kutsanulidwa mphindi 10 pambuyo kuthirira.
Zovala zapamwamba ndi umuna
Feteleza ndichinthu chololedwa posamalira chipinda chanyumba. Nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe, kudyetsa kumachitika milungu iwiri iliyonse. Ndikofunika kusinthitsa zinthu zachilengedwe - kulowetsedwa kwa ndowe za ng'ombe, ndi mchere - feteleza wamadzi apadera wamaluwa omwe ali ndi maluwa ndioyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi bwino kupopera masamba ndi yankho locheperako lazovala zapadera. Palibe feteleza amene amafunika panthawi yopuma.
Kudyetsa koyamba kumafunika mu Epulo, mbeu ikayamba kukula. Ngati mbewuzo zidabzalidwa nthawi yophukira, nthaka singakhale ndi umuna kwa mwezi umodzi kuyambira koyambirira kwa nyengo yokula. Kusakaniza kwatsopano kumakhala ndi michere yokwanira. Pakadutsa maluwa, pamafunika chakudya chambiri sabata iliyonse. Maluwa amatenga feteleza nthawi yotentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, masiku ozizira, mutha kukana kudyetsa.
Bzalani malamulo oyikira
Maluwa achichepere amabzalidwa chaka chilichonse. Maluwa okhwima amakhala ovuta kwambiri kubzala. Amalekerera njirayi mopweteka kwambiri, chifukwa chake simuyenera kusokonezanso chomeracho. Kubzala kumakhala koyenera pokhapokha ngati mizu yakhala yothinana ndipo pakufunika mphika wokulirapo. Ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi njira yosinthira. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musaswe mpirawo ndikuwononga mizu yosalimba. Pambuyo pobzala, mphika uyenera kuikidwa pamalo otetemera.
Nthawi yabwino yodzala ndikumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Mphika watsopanowo uyenera kupitirira wakale m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 3-4 ndipo mozama ndi masentimita 5. Ngati mphikawo ugwiritsidwanso ntchito, uyenera kutsukidwa. Chidebe chatsopano cha ceramic chiyenera kuviikidwa m'madzi ndikusungidwa kwa maola angapo.
Maluwawo ayenera kuthiriridwa asanachotsedwe mumphika. Izi zichotsa mpira wonse wadothi.
Kuti mupange kumuika, ndikofunikira kukonzekera ngalande, kusungira nthaka yapadera ya maluwa ndi feteleza ovuta. Choyamba, muyenera kupanga ngalande yokwera masentimita 3. Kenako timayika chomeracho pakati ndikuchidzaza ndi dothi losakanikirana m'mbali mwake, lomwe limafunikira kuti lipangidwe. Duwa siliyenera kukwiriridwa kwambiri - kolala ya mizu iyenera kukhala pamtunda. Pofuna kubzala mutagula, muyenera kudikirira mpaka maluwa atakwanira.
Momwe mungadulire maluwa
Kudulira kolondola kwa chipinda chanyumba ndichinthu chachikulu pakuchuluka kwake, mosalekeza maluwa. Mitundu yonse ya chomerachi, zonse zomwe zili ndi potted komanso anthu m'munda, zimalolera mosamalitsa chisamaliro chotere.
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, mitundu yotsatirayi ikufunika:
- pachaka - njira yokhazikika yomwe imayambitsa mapangidwe a tchire lolimba ndi maluwa ambiri;
- nyengo - kuchotsa nthambi zakufa ndi inflorescence;
- kuyang'anira - kudula mphukira zofooka komanso zotuluka.
Pakudulira maluwa amkati, chofunikira ndikutsatira ukhondo ndi ukhondo.
Ntchitoyi idzafuna zida zakuthwa komanso zoyera - ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito secateurs. Mbali zodulira zitsamba zam'munda ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zigawo zake ziyenera kuthandizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi zida zapadera zoteteza.
Kudulira kuyenera kuchitika pakona, poganizira komwe kuli impso. Kudula kumachitika pamwamba pa mphukira yachikale. Dera laling'ono lokwanira 5 mm liyenera kutsalira kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika kwa impso. Gawo lowonongeka la mphukira limadulidwa kukhala mnofu wathanzi. Ngati mulibe masamba panthambi, amadulidwa pansi pake.
Chipinda chanyumba chiyenera kutsukidwa kumapeto. Chotsani mphukira zonse zopanda mphamvu. Dulani otsalawo ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, kusunga masamba 5-6 panthambi. Izi zitsimikizira kuti pachimake pomwe pali maluwa obiriwira nthawi yachisanu.
Kudulira koyenera kumachitika kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi. Ndikofunika kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zamphamvu ndi maluwa ogwira ntchito. Pakadali pano, gawo lopuma limatha ndipo muyenera kukhala munthawi isanakwane kukula, panthawi yomwe impso zangoyamba kumene kutupa.
Kutalika kwa masana nthawi yakudulira kuyenera kukhala oposa maola 10. Izi ndizofunikira pakukula bwino kwa mphukira.
Kuchoka nthawi yamaluwa
Maluwa oyamba amapezeka tchire kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena Epulo. Olima maluwa odziwa bwino ntchito yawo amadziwa momwe angakwaniritsire katatu maluwa nthawi imodzi. Kupanga masamba atsopano kumalimbikitsidwa ndikudula maluwa pamodzi ndi peduncle akangoyamba kufota. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi wopeza maluwa atsopano, komabe, maluwa a m'dzinja siochuluka ngati masika.
Sizingatheke kulimbikitsa maluwa m'nyengo yozizira. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi maluwa m'masitolo. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha nyengo yokula m'nyengo yozizira ndi kukhalapo kwa kuyatsa kowala kopangira.
Nthawi yogona
Mitundu yonse yamaluwa amkati amafunikira nthawi yogona. Popanda, chomeracho chimafooka, kukula kwake kumachedwetsa. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa maluwa komanso kufa kwa chomeracho.
Pambuyo pa kutha kwa maluwa, masamba akayamba kutembenukira chikasu, ndikofunikira kuti pang'onopang'ono muchepetse kutentha kwa madigiri 8-15. Pewani kutentha kwambiri kwa nthaka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotentha pang'ono kuposa kutentha kozungulira. Mutha kutentha mukayika mphikawo mu chidebe cha utuchi. Kuthirira duwa panthawiyi kuyenera kukhala kosalekeza komanso pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Chisamaliro choyenera chidzaonetsetsa kuti masambawo ndi abwino kwambiri masika.
Kubereka kwa chipinda chanyamuka
Maluwa amkati amafalikira ndi cuttings. Pachifukwa ichi, zimayambira za maluwa ogulidwa kuchokera ku sitolo kapena tchire akuluakulu nthawi yokula ndioyenera. Zodulira zitha kuchitidwa wowonjezera kutentha, kunyumba komanso panja. Nthawi zabwino kwambiri za izi ndi masika ndi chilimwe. Komabe, m'nyengo yozizira, ngati kuunikira kowonjezera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndizotheka kumera phesi la mbeu yomwe mumakonda.
Kuphika cuttings
Kuti mupeze mphukira, mbali za tsinde ndi masamba angapo ndizoyenera - 2-4 primordia ndikwanira. Zodula ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera pakati, mbali yokhwima pa tsinde ndi makungwa achichepere komanso masamba obiriwira athanzi.Nthambi imadulidwa kuchokera pansi molunjika pansi pa mphukira yapansi, ndipo masentimita angapo amatuluka kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba.
Mizu imachokera ku mphukira yotsika yomwe imayikidwa m'malo achinyezi. Njira zodziwika bwino zopangira mizu zili m'madzi ndi gawo lapansi.
Posachedwapa, wamaluwa akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito cuttings mu mbatata tubers. Chomeracho chimadya chinyezi kuchokera muzu wa mizu ndipo chimamva bwino malinga ngati sichikhala ndi mizu yayikulu. Timapanga dzenje mu mbatata, kuyika phesi mmenemo kuti masamba awiri apansi akhale mkati, ndikubzala pansi - malo otseguka kapena mphika.
Kudula m'madzi
Nthawi zambiri, cuttings amapezeka m'madzi. Timayika nthambi pachidebe kuti masamba apansi akhale m'madzi ndikuonetsetsa kuti madziwo asatsike. Pakatha milungu ingapo, mizu yaying'ono imayamba, ndipo chomeracho chimatha kubzalidwa pansi. Chosavuta cha njirayi ndikuti zocheka m'madzi zimatha kuvunda. Kuphatikiza apo, mizu ya duwa ndiyosakhwima kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imavutika mukamabzala.
Zodula mu gawo lapansi
Ngati muzula cuttings mwachindunji m'nthaka, mavuto omwe afotokozedwa amatha kupewedwa. Zomera zozika mizu zimabzalidwa pakama kapena poto wamaluwa limodzi ndi dothi. Izi zimapewa kuwonongeka. Peat, sphagnum moss, gawo lapansi ndi kokonati ndi yoyenera kubzala. Zodula zitha kuzikika m'miphika yosiyana komanso m'bokosi limodzi.
Musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kusesa cuttings okonzeka mwa wothandizila wina yemwe amakulitsa kukula kwakanthawi kwamizu. Nthambi imabzalidwa pansi motsetsereka, ndikubisa masamba angapo apansi. Thirirani chomeracho ndikuphimba. Podzala, mutha kutenga galasi kapena botolo la pulasitiki, kapena thumba la pulasitiki. Maonekedwe a masamba oyamba akuwonetsa mapangidwe a mizu ndikuwonetsa kuti ndi nthawi yodzala chomera.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta chipinda chanyamuka
M'nyumba maluwa ndi tcheru powdery mildew. Amasiya chovala choyera pamasamba ndi zimayambira. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, zomerazo zimayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuchizidwa ndi fungicide. Fundazol, Topaz, Fitosporin ndi oyenera.
Nsabwe za m'masamba kapena akangaude amatha kuwononga maluwa. Kangaude wofiira akaukira, kangaude akaonekera pa mphukira ndipo tsamba laling'ono kwambiri limauma. Ngati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tapezeka, titha kutsuka masamba ndi madzi a sopo. Mukawonongeka kwambiri ndi tizirombo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo - Aktellik, Fitoverma, Nurrel-D. Simuyenera kuyesa kuchotsa kangaude ndi mankhwala azitsamba - izi zimabweretsa kufa kwa chomeracho.
Ndi mavuto ena ati omwe angayambitse matenda am'mimba?
- kusowa kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka - masamba amakhala otuwa, mitsempha imayamba kusanduka chikasu;
- popanda kuyatsa kokwanira, kusakhazikika kapena kusadulira munthawi yake, ma drafti, kuthirira kawirikawiri - palibe maluwa;
- kutentha kwambiri, kuthirira mosasinthasintha ndi kuyatsa kwambiri - masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa;
- ndi kuthirira mopitirira muyeso, mphukira zimaola.
Ndizotheka kukula maluwa ang'onoang'ono kunyumba, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo owasamalira.
