Kodi mukufuna kubweretsa zolemba zazing'ono, zauzimu, olemekezeka mkati? Lembani mkati ndi zipilala. Zotsatira zake zidzakudabwitsani ndikusangalatsani. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zipilalazo kunyumba kamodzi, simudzafunanso kugawananso nazo.
Kodi izi zimagwira ntchito ziti? Amagwiritsa ntchito masitayelo ati? Zimapangidwa ndi chiyani? Kodi ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zipilala muzipinda zazing'ono? Kodi mungatani kuti "mubise" mzati wonyamula katundu? Chojambula chosamvetsetseka chimadzutsa mafunso ambiri.
Malingaliro pazitsulo mkatikati monga zinthu za kalembedwe ka nyumba yachifumu ndizakale. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kunyumba, ofesi, malo aboma kukufalikira. Ndipo, osati pachabe. Zipilala zamkati ndizoyenera kukongoletsa moyo wathu tsiku lililonse.
Chithandizo kapena chokongoletsera
Akatswiri akale a zomangamanga anali aluso kwambiri pa ntchito ya zipilala. Adapanga zipilala zokongola za akachisi, nyumba za anthu, nyumba za olemekezeka, nyumba zachifumu.
Mwina ndichifukwa chake kwazaka masauzande angapo, mbiri ya zomangamanga yakhala ikuwona zipilala ngati zamkati ndi zakunja zakunja ndi mphamvu.
Apa sikuti pamangokhala udindo wokha, komanso lingaliro lodzizindikira, kudzidalira kwa eni nyumbayo. Yesani kuyima pafupi ndi gawo lalikulu, mwachitsanzo, Nyumba Yachisanu, kapena yendani pa khonde la Kazan Cathedral ku St.
Zikumva bwanji? Zomverera ndizotsutsana. Kumbali imodzi, ukulu ndi kuponderezana zimapondereza. Koma Komano, ngati inu kuphatikiza ndi mchitidwewu, azolowere izo, m'malo mwake, kupereka chidaliro, amakulolani kuti mukhale pamwamba pa chipwirikiti.
Kubwerera ku luso la akale, ndizodabwitsa kuti adakwanitsa kuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito azipilala ndi zokongoletsa. Zipilala zamphamvu kwambiri zimakhala pansi pamiyala, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zinali zojambulajambula zokha. Mizati ndi mphatso yapadera kuchokera kwa okonza mapulani akale kupita kwa opanga lero.
Mzati wamkati wamakono umachita izi:
- kuthandizira;
- chokongoletsera;
- kugawa malo;
- kubisa kulumikizana (zingwe, mapaipi);
- machitidwe osungira (niches, maloko).
Mzere wachikale uli ndi magawo atatu akulu - m'munsi, thupi ndi likulu. Pansi pake pamakhala mzati, ukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo, tsinde limanyamula katundu wambiri. Thupi ndiye chipilala chomwe chimalumikiza pamwamba ndi pansi. Likulu lake ndi gawo lapamwamba, lokongoletsedwa bwino mwanjira yachikale.
Zapadera za zomangamanga zamakono ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mizati ngati zothandizira. Izi, monga lamulo, konkire yolimba yamphamvu kapena nyumba zachitsulo zothandizirana m'malo akulu olumikizana. Monga chinthu chokongoletsera, mizatiyo ikufunidwa ndi eni nyumba zanyumba, nyumba zapamwamba.
Zipilala zokongoletsedwa bwino zimawoneka bwino m'zipinda zokhala ndi denga lokwera - kuyambira 290 masentimita ndi pamwambapa.
Pakubwera zopepuka zopangidwa ndi thovu la polyurethane, kugwiritsa ntchito mizati ngati zodzikongoletsera pamapangidwe kunatheka mu nyumba zazitali komanso nyumba zazing'ono. Mzere uliwonse, ngakhale umodzi woyimirira wokha, "umagawaniza" malo oyandikana nawo. Zolemba zazipilala ziwiri kapena zitatu ndizosavuta kugawa chipinda, ndikuwonetsa magawo aliwonse, ndikukhalabe achilungamo.
Zipilala zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri amakono ngati mapangidwe anyumba yonseyo safunikira. Chitonthozo, moyo wapamwamba umafunikira kuyika mayendedwe ambiri azipinda zonse. Kubisa zingwe ndi mapaipi mkati mwa mzati ndizoyambirira, nthawi zina njira yokhayo yovomerezeka.
Kukonzekeretsa zipilala ndi ziphuphu, makina osungira ndi njira ina yosangalatsa. Nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa chofunikira kubisa mzati wonyamula, koma ndi kapangidwe kabwino kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokongoletsera, magawidwe, chinthu choyenera.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ya mizati imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amthupi:
- kuzungulira;
- chowulungika;
- lalikulu;
- amakona anayi;
- polygonal.
Poona mizati ngati tsatanetsatane, theka la mzati liyeneranso kuphatikizidwa pano. Ma semi-columns alibe katundu wothandizira. Amamangiriridwa kukhoma, akuchita zokongoletsa ndi magawidwe, kwinaku akusungabe zokongoletsa zokongola zomwe zili mzati zonse.
Mizati yotsika kuchokera ku 80cm kupita kumtunda imakwaniritsa zamkati mwanjira yoyambirira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matebulo, amayimira mabasiketi, ziboliboli, mbale.
Nthawi? Maonekedwe? Malangizo?
Zolemekezeka zapamwamba
Zamkatimu zamkati zokhala ndi zipilala zachikale zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zitsanzo zachi Greek - Doric, Ionic, Koriya masitaelo. Kukongoletsa kwa maziko, thupi, mitu yayikulu, sikuti sikungosinthe, komanso, kukoma kwabwino kumafuna kutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro achi Greek.
Zipilala zakale zachi Greek, theka la mzati zimalumikizidwa mogwirizana ndi zotchinga zamakono zamakono, kuyatsa, kuumba kwa stucco. Kukongoletsa zipilala zokhala ndi pulasitala wa ku Venetian, zojambula zokongoletsedwa, mwala wachilengedwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi okongoletsa. Zipilala zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo - thovu la polyurethane, gypsum, konkriti, kenako penti wochuluka. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wawo ndikuchepetsa kuyika.
Kuphatikiza kwa mizati iwiri kapena kupitilira apo yolumikizidwa ndi kupindika kwa arched kumakonda makamaka opanga zamakono. Mabwalo, kuti achepetse mtengo, kuwalitsa kapangidwe, amapangidwa ndi pulasitala.
Zipilala zamakona amakona anayi, zokutidwa ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali pamachitidwe a Chingerezi kapena nyumba yayikulu yaku Russia, pamodzi ndi matabwa pamakoma, atha kukhala amtundu womwewo.
Zodabwitsa kummawa
Zipilala zokongola zolumikizidwa ndi zipilala ndizofunikira kwambiri pakapangidwe ka Kum'mawa. Mosiyana ndi zoletsa zakale, thupi lakum'mawa limakongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi zokongoletsa, zokongoletsa, ndi mitundu yowala.
Ma curve arched amatsindika ndi mizere yowonjezerapo, komanso amakhala veneered wowoneka bwino.
Zomangamanga zokhala ndi zipilala zamkati mwa kum'mawa zimakwaniritsidwa ndi zojambulidwa ndi nsalu, ma carpets, mawindo a magalasi.
Zochitika zamakono zamkati
Mawonekedwe ochepera, luso laukadaulo, loft - zipilala sizipulumutsidwa. Mitundu iyi imapereka malo ambiri aulere, kutalika kwakukulu. Mizati pano imakhala ngati zothandizira pansi. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi zipilala zosavuta, zomalizidwa kutengera mawonekedwe amchipindacho - chitsulo (siliva, faifi tambala, chrome, mkuwa), konkire "njerwa zakale", konkriti wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe.
Njira yaposachedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kwam'mbali m'mizere yamagalasi.
Masitaelo a Rustic
Mu provence yakale, kalembedwe ka Russia, ndi mitundu ina yamitundu, matabwa ndi miyala yokhayokha imakonda kukongoletsa mzati.
Mizati imatha kukhala yamatabwa kwathunthu, ndipo "mwala" kumaliza pamiyala yosiyanasiyana (konkriti, thovu la polyurethane, plasterboard, mzati wabodza) amapangidwa ndi zida zomwe zimatsanzira mwala.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zipilala theka, zipilala, zikongoletseni potengera kalembedwe ka chipinda chonse, ndipo chilichonse, ngakhale chosavuta, chimakhala "chowonekera".
Zoyenera ... zida zam'mizere
Pachikhalidwe, zinthu zomwe zidalipo zidadulidwa pamiyala - ma marble, granite, travertine. Mwala wam'deralo udagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera m'malo oyandikira, chifukwa miyala yamiyala yolemera ndiyovuta kunyamula pamtunda wautali. Thupi la chipilalacho linasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera mbali zingapo, magawo pakati pawo anali opindika bwino, chipilalacho chidawoneka monolithic.
Masiku ano, zipilala zokongoletsera zochokera ku miyala yachilengedwe sizinapangidwe konse chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo komanso kuvuta kwa ntchito yopanga.
Pazitsulo zolimba zomwe zingathe kupirira kulemera kwakukulu, konkire imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapangidwe okonzeka amatsanulidwa ndi matope amchenga-simenti, amasungidwa mpaka atakhazikika, kenako mawonekedwewo amachotsedwa. Mizati ya Monolithic imapangidwa pomwepo nthawi yomweyo ndikumanga kwa nyumbayo.
Kwa nyumba zamatabwa, zinthu zopangidwa ndi mitengo yolimba ndizosavuta komanso zachilengedwe, ngakhale pano mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito konkriti womaliza ndi matabwa.
Chinthu china "cholimba" ndi gypsum, zipilala za gypsum, zolemetsa komanso zotsika mtengo, zimatha kulamulidwa ndi amisiri omwe amapanga ma gypsum stucco.
Chitsulo - choyenera nyumba zazing'ono, zolemera kwambiri, komanso chitsulo "chabwino" (chrome, nickel) sichotsika mtengo.
Njira yademokalase kwambiri ndi zipilala za polyurethane. Ndi pulasitiki wopepuka, wodulidwa mosavuta ndi hacksaw yosavuta, yolumikizidwa bwino ndi mankhwala apadera kapena guluu ngati "misomali yamadzi".
Opanga zodzikongoletsera za thovu la polyurethane amapereka magawo ambiri osankhidwa okonzeka, mabowo osiyana, mitu yayikulu. Mutha kusankha magawo onse azomwezo, kenako konzekerani zomwe mungakonde.
Mizati yopangidwa ndi izi iyenera kujambulidwa, apo ayi zinthuzo "zitha kugwa" mumayendedwe amkati.
Kusankha kwachuma pazida za mzati - polystyrene ndi drywall.
Zogulitsa zathovu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi thovu la polyurethane, koma kachulukidwe kochepa komanso mphamvu. Zitha kugulidwa zokonzeka.
Mizati ya Plasterboard yapangidwa patsamba. Ndikosavuta kupanga zozungulira, zazitali, zamakona anayi, ndikuwathandizira ndi zipilala, zipilala, mashelufu. Plasterboard ndichinthu chosunthika chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopanga zosayembekezereka kwambiri.
Pamwamba pa drywall ndi putty, chilichonse chomaliza chimayikidwa pa putty - utoto, mapepala amadzimadzi, pulasitala waku Venetian.
Zipilala ndi zipilala zopangidwa ndi thovu la polyurethane, thovu la polystyrene, plasterboard ndizofunikira mkati mwa nyumba zazitali zazitali komanso nyumba zazing'ono. Amakulolani kuti musunge kukongoletsa kwa zomangamanga izi, kuchotsa kulemera kwake ndi kukula kwachilengedwe, konkriti, zofananira.
Momwe mungabisire gawo lomwe silikufunika
Zapangidwe za nyumba zina zimafuna malo akulu okhala ndi magawo ochepa ndi makoma onyamula katundu. M'mikhalidwe yotere, ndizovuta kuchita popanda kuthandizidwa monga mzati waukulu pakati pa chipinda. Ngati mzatiwo sukugwirizana ndi kalembedwe mchipinda chonse, ndizomveka kukongoletsa.
Magalasi omwe ali pamwamba pa chipilalacho "amasungunula" chipilala chovuta mlengalenga, ndikuwonjezera voliyumu mchipinda chonse. Yankho loyambirira lingakhale kusandutsa mzatiwo kukhala chinthu chamkati - kabati yokhala ndi mashelufu kapena niche, chothandizira kumbuyo kwa sofa kapena benchi, mwala wopangira zopangira zokongoletsera.
Mkati mwa chipinda chokhala ndi zipilala nthawi zonse kumakhala kopindulitsa poyerekeza ndi zamkati popanda izo. Ngati malowa salola kuyika mizati yodzaza, gwiritsani ntchito magawo awiri, sangatenge malo ambiri, koma akwaniritsa ntchito yawo yokongoletsa.
Zopangidwa ndi theka la zipilala zophatikizidwa ndi pepala la photowall ndizopindulitsa modabwitsa. Mutatenga zojambula za kalembedwe koyenera, mutha kusintha chilichonse, ngakhale chipinda chaching'ono kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, khonde. Khwalala laling'ono, chidutswa cha dimba kapena ngalande zaku Venice zidzakulitsa ndi kugwirizanitsanso malowa, chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi zipilala.
Pambuyo pomvetsetsa malingaliro amisiri akale, posankha zida zamakono zamakono, nyumba yaimvi ya konkriti imatha kusandulika kukhala nyumba yachifumu, nyumba za kum'mawa, chipinda chankhanza kapena ... munda wokongola.
Nanga chinsinsi chogwiritsa ntchito mizati mkatikati ndichinsinsi chanji? Amawonjezera voliyumu, amasintha chithunzithunzi kukhala 3D, amapanga zovuta za stereo, amakhazikitsanso nyimbo pamalopo, motero zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yamoyo komanso yowona.
