Chosangalatsa chokongoletsa, ngati munda wamiyala, ndi gawo la zaluso zachi Buddha. Izi sizimapezeka mchikhalidwe china chilichonse. Zachilendo kwa azungu, minda yanthanthi imapatsidwa chisomo ndikusavuta kosavuta. Kupanga mwala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokongoletsera kanyumba kachilimwe. Okonza zamakono amapereka njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito lingaliro loterolo. Kunyumba ya zokongoletsera zokongola, Japan, kuyiyika kungangothana ndi mbuyeyo. M'madera athu, aliyense akhoza kukhazikitsa zokongoletsa zosadziwika mdzikolo ndi manja awo.
Mbiri ya minda yamiyala
M'munda waku Japan, miyala yamiyala yamitundu ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana imayimira mapiri. Anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za zana la 14. Monk ndi mbuye wa zokongoletsa zamaluwa Muso Soseki adakhala kholo la nyimbo zapadera. Miyala yomwe yamwazika pansi mwanjira inayake ikuimira kukana zovuta, moyo wautali, popeza sizinasinthe kwazaka zambiri. M'mbuyomu, adalengedwa kokha akachisi ndi nyumba za amonke, ndipo cholinga chawo chachikulu chinali kungopereka zokongoletsa.
Kwenikweni, munda wamiyala umamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Japan ngati "madzi owuma ndi mapiri."
Malinga ndi nthano, woyendetsa sitima wina adapulumutsa kamba kuti asafe. Ndipo iye, monga chizindikiro chothokoza, adamuwonetsa chimodzi mwazilumba zisanu komwe kumakhala moyo wosafa. Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu adayamba kukongoletsa malo awo ndi zokongoletsa zamiyala malinga ndi malamulo ena. Zinthu zomwe zimayenera kukhala zosamvetseka, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kungangokhala kokulirapo atatu kapena asanu.
Mtundu wamaluwa ndi cholinga
Koyamba, zitha kuwoneka ngati miyala ndi mchere wambiri pamisewu wakonzedwa mwachisokonezo. M'malo mwake, malo oyikira zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa malinga ndi malamulo ena. Choyamba, akuwonetsa mfundo yayikulu yosinkhasinkha. Mundawo uyang'ana kwambiri. Maola owonetsetsa amatengedwa, kuti asasokoneze chisangalalo cha kusinkhasinkha ndi dzuwa lotentha komanso mthunzi wochuluka.
Minda yamiyala yaku Japan nthawi zonse imakhala yopanda tanthauzo, yodzaza ndi zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Zokongoletsedwazo sizidayikidwe mofananamo. Zinthu zonse ziyenera kuwonekera bwino panjira iliyonse yowonera ndikupanga maukonde azithunzi zazithunzi zazitali. Ngati pali malo osungira pamalopo, muyenera kulingalira momwe kuwonekera kwa miyala kumadzi.
Ntchito yayikulu m'munda wamiyala ndikukuthandizani kuti muzisangalala. Mukawona mapangidwe onse, mutha kuwona zilumba zosangalatsa ndi mafunde omwe amachokera kwina.
Malamulo oyambira pakupanga kwa DIY
Kwa ambiri, dimba lamiyala limapangitsa kudzimva kopanda pake. Koma, kukwaniritsidwa kwa zotsatira zopanda malire kumachitika malinga ndi malamulo ena. Mukamapanga mawonekedwe amtunduwu nokha, muyenera kusankha miyala yolimba yokha ndi miyala yaying'ono. Sayenera kungowoneka obalalika. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuganizira kaye za zojambulazo. Yerekezerani ndi chithunzi chokonzekera kapena chithunzi. Kukula kwakukumba kumasankhidwa kutengera mawonekedwe amiyalayo komanso mawonekedwe amtunda.
Malamulo a Feng Shui
Munda wamwala malinga ndi Feng Shui kuti mupange kupumula komanso kupumula. Zinthu zonse kumeneko zimawerengedwa kuti ndizochokera ku moyo ndipo zikuyimira dziko lapansi. Ayenera kupezeka mwachilengedwe momwe angathere. Chokongoletsera chofunikira - chinthu chilichonse chamadzi chokhala ngati mtsinje kapena nyanja. Miyala yomwe ili pafupi ndi dziwe imathandizana mphamvu.
Njira yayikulu yokonzekera dimba ku Feng Shui ndikutchula malo omwe ali mgululi la Bagua. Madzi othamanga amaikidwa mu gridi ya ntchito, malo osewerera - mdera la mwana, m'malo mwaubwenzi ndi mgwirizano, gazebo, mabenchi, mabenchi amaikidwa. Miyala yathyathyathya, njira zokhala ndi mizere yosalala ndi zopindika m'munda wa feng shui siziloledwa.
Zinthu zokhazokha zokhazokha ndizoyenera kudzaza zinthu, chifukwa ndi zinthu zoyambirira zokha zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira kukongola kwachilengedwe. Zotsanzira zilizonse ndi zokongoletsa zina zam'munda sizichotsedwa.
Kukonzekera: kusankha malo ndi kukonza masamba
Mwala uliwonse, mosatengera kukula kwake, uyenera kupezeka mwachilengedwe, mogwirizana ndi kupumula kwa tsambalo ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera. Zoyipa zidzakhala nsanja yabwino yopangira mayikidwe. Ngakhale dzenje lodziwika bwino kapena phiri limatha kusandulika choyambirira. Ngati tsambalo ndi lathyathyathya, madontho amapangidwa mwanjira zosiyanasiyana.
Posankha malo, munthu ayenera kuganizira za kupangika kwa zida ndi cholinga cha kapangidwe kake. Palibe chilichonse cham'munda wamiyala chomwe chimayenera kukhala pakona kapena pafupi ndi mpanda. Imawoneka yosasangalatsa komanso yopanda tanthauzo, ikungokhala ngati mulu wa zinyalala utangomangidwa. Ngati kusungako ndikofunikira, tsambalo liyenera kukongoletsedwa bwino. Zitha kukhala kukwera zomera, maluwa okongola, zitsamba pamutu wamiyala yamiyala.
Zida zofunikira ndi zida
Kuti mupange munda wamiyala waku Japan, simuyenera kugula zida zatsopano kapena kuyitanitsa mapangidwe amtundu wina. Zonse za zokongoletsera zimapezeka pabwalo lanu. Mukamakonzekera panokha, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa tsatane-tsatane malangizo kuti mukhale ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso osangalatsa. Malo oyambilira amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzida ndi zida zotsatirazi:
- Miyala yaying'ono, njerwa, timiyala;
- Matabwa matabwa kuchinga;
- Zojambulajambula;
- Miyala, mbali zina za miyala;
- Miyala, mchenga;
- Zipangizo zoyikira (zamatabwa, zotengera zitsulo).
Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zoyambira
Mwa kusankha miyala, komanso zinthu zonse zowonjezera ziyenera kuthandizidwa bwino. Ndikofunika kuwatenga nthawi yomweyo pamlingo woyenera kuti asasiyanitse mtundu ndi kapangidwe kake, kuphatikiza kophatikizika kamodzi. Ndikofunika kuti akhale ochokera kudera lomwelo, popeza chinthu chilichonse chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Choyamba, muyenera kuphunzira mwala uliwonse bwino, sankhani mawonekedwe opambana kwambiri, gulani zidutswa zingapo zofananira pamalo amodzi. Ndiye muyenera kudziwa mbali yomwe idzatembenuzidwira ku kuwala, ndikupanga maziko okhazikika.
Posankha miyala, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chilichonse chimakhala ndi chizindikiro. Mchenga wabwino, miyala, miyala - zimaimira madzi. Miyala yathyathyathya imatanthauza dziko lapansi, kutalika kumatanthauza mlengalenga, mulu wa zokongoletsa zazikulu - mapiri kapena zilumba.
Malamulo opanga nyimbo ndikuyika miyala
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyala pamalowa kuyenera kuchitidwa malinga ndi malamulo ena. Akatswiri opanga miyala amatsogoleredwa ndi luso la sute-ishi. Zambiri zokha ndizomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga nyimbo. Sayenera kungogona pansi. Ndikofunikira kupanga zotsatira zakukula kwawo m'nthaka, kuzama mokwanira.
Kuti apange mawonekedwe azinthu zingapo, miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zonse zimasankhidwa molingana. Poyerekeza mphamvu ya Yin-Yang, payenera kukhala miyala yambiri yopingasa kuposa yolunjika. Zokongoletsa zamiyala zopepuka zimachepetsa kukopa kwa zinthu zowongoka monga mitengo, mipanda, nyumba za njerwa.
Malowa opangira dimba lamwala ali ndi mchenga kapena miyala. Maukonde ozungulira a heptagonal amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kutalika kwake. Zinthu zimayikidwa ndendende pamphambano ya netiweki. M'madera ang'onoang'ono, gawo limodzi lokha limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zowonjezera pakukonzekera kwamaluwa
Nyimbo zaku Japan zimadzazidwa osati ndi miyala yokha. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi zojambula zolondola mumchenga, njira zomwe zili, mipanda, akasupe, mathithi. Mitunduyi imapangidwa ndi chovala chapadera, mutaganizira mozama za chithunzichi. Mizere, mabwalo ayenera kukhala ofanana, ofanana, mogwirizana ndi malo ozungulira.
Zipangizo za opaque zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpanda. Imaikidwa mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za mundawo ndipo imapatsidwa ntchito yopanga chinsinsi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito khoma lotsika lopangidwa ndi miyala, konkriti, nsungwi. Tsukubai athandizira kubweretsa zina mwazomwe zimapangika pakupanga. Madzi amayenda mumitsuko yaying'ono yamiyala kudzera m'mapaipi, zomwe zimabweretsa mayendedwe osasokoneza bata la munda wamiyala.
Nyali zidzakuthandizani kuwunikira mapangidwe amwala madzulo komanso usiku. Amapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zokha (matabwa, miyala, ma pumice). Kuunika kocheperako, mawonekedwe achinsinsi amakulolani kuti muwone zinthu zatsopano m'njira yatsopano.
Kusankha mbewu m'munda wamiyala
Malo omwe adalengedwa ayenera koyambirira kutsanzira mapiri, koma yang'anani mwachilengedwe momwe zingathere. Zomera zonse ziyenera kuphatikizidwa limodzi ndi mtundu, mawonekedwe ndi kukula. Komanso, maluwa ayenera kukhala ndi nthaka yofananira komanso azisankha moyandikana ndi malo amiyala. Pakukonzekera, musanadzalemo, zinthu zonse zaulimi ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Kusankha kwa zomera m'munda wamiyala kumatsata malamulo awa:
- Ndi bwino kubzala mitundu ingapo yamaluwa. M'magulu akulu, adzawoneka ngati ogwirizana;
- Malamulo amtundu ayenera kutsatiridwa. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kusintha kuchokera pagulu lina kupita ku linzake popanda mtundu;
- Kubzala mozungulira m'minda yamiyala sikugwiritsidwe ntchito. Magulu opezeka mwachisawawa adzawoneka bwino;
- Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa atali kwambiri ndizoyenera miyala.
Kusamalira munda wanu wamwala
Munda wamiyala siyenera kusamalidwa kwambiri. Ndikokwanira kusunga mawonekedwe ake potsatira malangizo ena. Namsongole wokula msanga ndiye vuto lalikulu, chifukwa chake muyenera kuchotsa mizu yonse yomwe ikukula kwambiri panthawi yokonzekera. Kenako nthaka ndi mankhwala a herbicides geotextile amaikidwa. Pakapita kanthawi, zomera zosafunikira zimatha kupezekanso. Pofuna kuti asasokoneze mawonekedwe a mundawo, ayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake.
Zinyalala ndi masamba omwe agwa amatha kuwononga mawonekedwe a miyala. Kuti muchite kuyeretsa popanda choletsa, muyenera kulingalira zopezeka pamalo aliwonse amiyala ngakhale pokonzekera. Ndi bwino kuchotsa dothi ndi waya. Ngati mbewu zabzalidwa pamalopo, m'pofunika kulingalira za njira yothirira komanso kuthekera kwa umuna wa nthawi ndi nthawi. Potsitsimutsa mawonekedwe amunda wamiyala, maziko ake amayenera kukonzedwanso kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu.
Minda yamiyala yotchuka
Mmodzi mwa minda yamiyala yotchuka kwambiri ndi nyimbo zazikulu ku Kyoto. Amakhala ndi miyala 15 pamiyala yoyera, yokongoletsedwa ndi moss wobiriwira. Kupadera kwake ndi kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Mulimonse momwe mungayang'anire, chinthu chimodzi chimakhala chobisika nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi nthano, munthu yekhayo amene ali wowunikiridwa komanso woyeretsedwa mwauzimu ndi amene amatha kuwona bwino mundawo.
Munda wamiyala wodziwika bwino womwe uli ku Vietnam mumzinda wa Nha Trang. Pa Cape yokongola pali miyala yachilengedwe yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yosangalatsa. Ndi mulingo wopukutira komanso chilengedwe chomwe chimakopa alendo ambiri kumundawu. Paki yopendekera ku Krasnodar Territory amathanso kudzitamandira ndi zojambulajambula zofananira.
Kutsiliza
Aliyense atha kudziyimira pawokha njira yatsopano yakapangidwe kazachilengedwe patsamba lawo. Kutengera kukula kwa gawo, mutha kukonza paki yayikulu kapena kakang'ono kakang'ono pafupi ndi nyumbayo. Kuphatikiza pa miyala ya mawonekedwe osangalatsa, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zilizonse, mwachitsanzo, madengu, zikho zakale, tebulo.
