Lingaliro lachipinda chonse limadalira mtundu wa denga. Mothandizidwa ndi utoto, mutha kudzaza chipinda ndi kuwala, kubisa zolakwika ndi zolakwika. Kujambula kudenga kumachitika mosavuta ndi dzanja. Njira yosavuta yomalizirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ndipo ikadali yotchuka. Pakubwera zida zamakono ndi ukadaulo, zakhala zosavuta kusintha zakunja. Zipangidwe zilizonse zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi roller kapena burashi. Utoto wodenga umayang'ana pamtengo wotsika, kusinthasintha, komanso mitundu yambiri yamitundu.
Kusankha utoto: katundu, zabwino ndi zovuta
Mukamasankha utoto ndi ma varnishi, munthu ayenera kulabadira voliyumu, kutchinga, kugwiritsa ntchito, mtengo, kubisa mphamvu. Mtundu wa utoto udalira momwe mumasamalirira zojambulazo. Zosakaniza zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mchipinda chokhala ndi mawonekedwe osachita bwino. Wopanga akuwonetsa kapangidwe ka emulsion paphukusi. Ikhoza kukhala matte, glossy, semi-glossy zosakaniza.
Mitundu ina imapatsidwa mphamvu. Zojambulazi zimapanga chopukutira dothi, chotsuka padenga. Ndi oyenera kukhitchini, zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, amalumikizana bwino ndi zotsukira zamchere.
Akiliriki
Pojambula padenga, nyimbo zotere sizimasankhidwa kawirikawiri. Pamwambapa sakhala ndi nkhawa pamakina, chifukwa chake sikwanzeru kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wokwera mtengo wokhala ndimikhalidwe yabwino. Malo olimba amatha kutsukidwa pafupipafupi osawopa kuipitsidwa komanso kutayika kwa chosanjikiza.
Zosakaniza za Acrylic siziwopa kuwala kwadzuwa, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pamakongoletsedwe amitundu. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otseguka okhala ndi mawindo apakanema. Mitundu yambiri imakupatsani mwayi wosankha mthunzi uliwonse. Fungo lakuthwa la utoto limamveka mpaka litauma kwathunthu. Kenako zimatenga mthunzi wolemera. Chifukwa cha kusasinthasintha kwake, zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa ming'alu yaying'ono.
Silikoni
Utoto woterewu udawonekera pamsika womanga posachedwa. Zosungunulira zamadzimadzi a silicone ndi madzi. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala ochezeka, opanda fungo. Zosakaniza za silicone ndizoyenera kukongoletsa zipinda zogona, nazale. Ubwino waukulu ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Kutuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi. Denga ndi makoma pansi pa zokutira adzapuma, zomwe zimawateteza ku nkhungu;
- Kukaniza kutentha kwambiri, kuwala kwa ultraviolet;
- Chosalowa madzi. Amalola kupenta kudenga m'zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri;
- Kukhazikika. Mankhwala a silicone amatha kuphimba mipata, kudzaza zenera;
- Kusinthasintha. Pansi pake paliponse paliponse padenga;
- Kukhazikika. Chojambulacho chidzasungabe mawonekedwe ake onse azaka 25.
Wosakhwima
Ndi kuyimitsidwa kutengera zitsulo za alkali, yankho lamadzimadzi la ma silicates. Zikuchokera mulinso inki, zolimba, fillers zina. Opanga ena amapanga utoto wa silicate kutengera kapu yamadzi. Ndizoyenera kupaka malo amchere. Imakhala yotsika pakulimba kwa mankhwala a silicone ndi akiliriki.
Utoto wotsika mtengo wokhala ndi zomata za silicate umakwanira bwino pamtunda uliwonse, ngakhale wonyowa. Mwa zolakwikazo titha kuwona kuvala mwachangu, kuthekera kochapa zokutira ndi madzi wamba. Pambuyo penti, sikungakhale kotheka kuyeretsa konyowa.
Zodzitetezela
Zosakaniza zotsika mtengo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Mtengo ndiwokwera chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera. Chovalacho chimakhala chowoneka chokongola, palibe zokopa zotsalira. Kukaniza bwino malo amvula kumathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wa latex kupenta denga losambira, kukhitchini. Musanalembe, pamwamba pake muyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zopangira antifungal.
Utoto wa zodzitetezera ulibe fungo ndipo ulibe vuto lililonse pazaumoyo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zopanda mpweya wabwino. Zimatenga mphindi 30 mpaka ola limodzi kuti ziume. Kudziphatika kwabwino kumakupatsani mwayi wopaka kudenga kwa chilichonse.
Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizapo kukana kutsika kwa UV. Denga lowala la latex lidzawonongeka mwachangu. Ngakhale ndi chisanu chaching'ono, pamwamba pake pamang'ambika, ndipo nthawi yayitali chimazizira, chimatha.
Utoto wamafuta ndi ma enamel okutira padenga
Zosakaniza zotere zimachokera ku kuyanika mafuta, pigment ndi filler. Kuti awonjezere utoto, opanga amawonjezera mankhwala osiyanasiyana owopsa (zinc, iron iron, titanium yoyera, oxides). Chifukwa chakuwonekera pamsika womanga utoto wamakono wamatabwa, zosakaniza zamafuta ndi ma enamels pang'onopang'ono akusiya kutchuka kwawo koyamba. Amayanika kwa nthawi yayitali, amatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa komanso zinthu zovulaza anthu.
Utoto wamafuta, ma enamel amakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyipa kuposa abwino. Wosanjikiza wouma amatha kuthyolako ngakhale atakhala ndi nkhawa pang'ono. Sichokhazikika, pakatha zaka zisanu kusintha kudzawoneka kale. Ubwino wokhawo ndi mtengo wotsika. Ndikofunika kupereka zokonda kwa iwo pokhapokha ndi bajeti yocheperako.
Zomatira
Kusakaniza kotsika mtengo kumakhala ndi choko, madzi, guluu ndi inki. Mutha kugula zokonzeka kapena kudzipanga nokha. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zotsatirazi pokonzekera zomatira padenga:
- Choko chouma ndi pigment zimasakanizidwa mu chidebe chachikulu, pamiyeso ya magawo 1000 mpaka 35;
- Onjezerani madzi. Pafupifupi kumwa 3 malita pa 1 kg ya osakaniza. Ndikofunika kutsanulira m'madzi pang'onopang'ono, ndikuyambitsa mosalekeza, mpaka zinthuzo mosasinthasintha zikuwoneka ngati zonona zamadzi;
- Tsopano muyenera kuwonjezera zomatira zamatabwa (1 kg ya choko 80 g wa guluu). Mutha kusintha m'malo mwake ndikupanga wowuma wokonzera;
- Unyinji wotsatirawo uyenera kusefedweramo sefa yachitsulo ndikubweretsa madzi kudera lofunikira.
Gulu losakanikirana la guluu silikhala ndi zotsogola komanso mawonekedwe onse okutira padenga. Pofuna kuti musakonze chaka chamawa, ndikofunikira kusankha ma alkyd kapena ma enamel oyambira madzi.
Mchere ndi polyvinyl nthochi
Zosakanizazo zimaphatikizapo simenti, guluu wa PVA, hydrated laimu. Maminolo ndi polyvinyl zokutira za acetate ndizoyenera kujambula kudenga kwa konkriti, koma ndizosakhalitsa. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa hydrophobicity, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzipinda zowuma.
Ubwino waukulu wazosakanikirana izi ndiubwenzi wazachilengedwe. Ndi zotanuka komanso zosagwira moto, amabisa ma microcracks mpaka 1 mm bwino. Mukayanika, pamwamba pake pamakhala kolimba. Ndi mwayi wocheperako.
Kukonzekera denga lojambula
Musanajambula, ndikofunikira kukonzekera pamwamba. Izi zimatha kutenga nthawi yochulukirapo komanso kuyeserera kuposa kudzidetsa komwe. Choyamba muyenera kuwunika zomwe zili padenga ndi momwe zilili. Ngati maziko ake ndi konkriti, lembani mipata yonse ndikuyika choyambira. Muyeneranso kugwirizanitsa magawo onse pakati pa mbale. Dothi lamatabwa limamangidwa mchenga musanagwiritse ntchito dothi lapakatikati, ndipo malo olumikizana pakati pa mapepala amakhala putty pazowuma. Kuti muchotse chovala chakale ndikugwiritsanso ntchito chatsopano, muyenera kukhala ndi zida zofunikira.
Zida zofunikira ndi zida
Njira yochotsera utoto wakale padenga ndikuyika utoto watsopano izikhala mwachangu komanso moyenera pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Izi zidzafunika zida zotsatirazi:
- Wodzigudubuza. Chida chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza chiyenera kusankhidwa kutengera kukula kwa malo oti ajambulidwe. M'madera ang'onoang'ono, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito yaying'ono, yopepuka. Zida zosiyanasiyana zingakhale zovuta kuchita nazo. Ndikofunika kusamalira chogwirira chachitali. Kusankha kwa zinthu zodzigudubuza kumatengera mtundu wa utoto. Thovu labala, zamtengo wapatali ndizoyenera mafuta, akiliriki. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zopanga ndi mohair roller.
- Maburashi. Oyenera kudetsa malo ovuta kufikako. Powonjezera ma bristles, utoto umakhala wokulirapo.
- Sitima. Chojambulidwa mwapadera cha penti chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizocho ku chida, makamaka ngati chikuzungulira.
- Tepi yobisa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa malire a utoto, kuti apange mawonekedwe padenga.
- Spatulas. Ndi chithandizo chawo, amachita ntchito yokonzekera, kuchotsa utoto wakale kapena utoto woyera.
- Masitepe. Kwa utoto wotetezeka.
- Sandpaper. Padzafunika kulinganiza magawo ena kudenga, kuti muchotse gawo lakale louma kwambiri.
- Zovala zoteteza. Ndikofunika kuteteza malo owonekera pathupi ku ingress. Mukamagwira ntchito zosakaniza mafuta, ndikofunikira kuvala chigoba chopumira.
Kuchotsa choyera choyera
Nthawi zina, amaloledwa kupaka utoto pamabaundowo, pokhapokha ngati ndi wosanjikiza pang'ono ndipo umatsatira zolimba. Ngati choko chimaphwanyika pafupipafupi, mawanga akuda amawoneka ndipo mikwingwirima ikuwoneka, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito utoto pokongoletsa, apo ayi pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi zonse ziyenera kukonzanso.
Kuyeretsa ndi ntchito yosokoneza komanso yotenga nthawi. Njirayi imathandizidwa ndi kusungunuka kwamadzi kwa choko. Choyamba, muyenera kunyowetsa kudenga ndi madzi ofunda kuti madziwo alowerere bwino. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito chida chilichonse chopopera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera, burashi, chiguduli.
Pambuyo pa mphindi 15-20, choyera choyera chidzafufuma ndipo chimatha kusendedwa ndi zigawo ndi spatula. Zotsalira za choko ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi chiguduli cholimba. Mukamaliza kudutsa, tsukutsani ndi chiguduli.
Kuchotsa utoto wakale wamadzi
Pali njira zingapo zochotsera utoto wakale popanda chinyengo kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kofala kwambiri ndikuviika ndimanyuzipepala amadzimadzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito chosanjikiza chosavuta, denga lonse lanyowa. Zisakanizo zoteteza madzi zimafunika kuthiridwa kwamadzimadzi ndi nthawi yayitali kuti ipe.
Chinyezi chonse chitayamwa, utoto umakhala wokonzeka kuchotsa. Ikhoza kuchotsedwa ndi spatula. Pofuna kupewa kukanda padenga, gwirani chida mwanjira yakuthwa kotheka.
Kuchotsa utoto padenga ndi nyuzipepala kudzatenga makwerero ndi maola angapo. Pamwamba pake padakutidwa ndi guluu, nyuzipepala zimayikidwa ndikusiya kuti ziume kwathunthu. Emulsion yamadzi idzakhala yodzaza ndi kusakaniza kwa guluu ndipo ipita ndi nyuzipepala. Zotsalira za zokongoletsera zakale zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi spatula kapena chisel.
Kuyika
Kuyika koyambirira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito padenga lokwera komanso louma. Unyinji umasonkhanitsidwa pamtambo wopapatiza, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito padenga kuchokera pakona. Chidacho chimakanikizidwa mwamphamvu kotero kuti misa imadzaza ndikubisa ma grooves onse. Mzere woyamba umapangidwa woonda, wosasintha kwenikweni. Izi zidzakuthandizani kubisa zolakwika zazing'ono.
Mzere wotsatira uyenera kukhazikika bwino. Mikwingwirima ndi ma burr saloledwa. Zinthuzo zimayamba kugawidwa mozungulira mozungulira komanso mozungulira, kuyesera kutulutsa zolumikizana pakati pakhoma ndi kudenga. Pomaliza pomaliza kudzaza, m'pofunika kugaya. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito choyandama chomanga ndi mauna okhwima. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuti muchotse zolakwika, gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wina wa putty. Kenako kudenga kumadzikulanso ndipo kuyambiranso.
Pofuna kulimbitsa putty moyenera momwe zingathere, gawo lirilonse lokutidwa liyenera kuunikiridwa ndi babu yoyatsa.
Kuyika
Kugwiritsa ntchito choyambira kumayambira pambuyo poyeretsa kwathunthu ndikukonzekera kwa denga. Kuipitsako kuyenera kuchitidwa pang'onopang'ono, kudikirira kuti nyimbozo ziume kwathunthu. Pofuna kupatsa mphamvu ndikukhazikika pazokongoletsera zatsopano, kuyika kwa putty kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pazoyambira. Ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta kuigwira panokha powonera kanema kapena chithunzi.
Konzani yankho la nthaka mosamalitsa molingana ndi malangizo. Pali magawo ena amtundu uliwonse wa putty. Kuti chisakanizocho chikwaniritse bwino ntchito yake, kukonza zomatira, ndikofunikira kuyigwiritsa ntchito molondola.
Chotsani zinyalala zonse zafumbi musanapange. Ngati izi sizichitika, chifukwa cha fumbi lokhazikika panthaka yosawuma, utoto ungakhale mosagwirizana. Mukayanika kwathunthu, pamwamba pake pamafunika kupukutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza kuti izioneka yokongola.
Njira zojambulira kudenga
Mukasankha utoto woyenera, mutakonza denga, ndikuphimba pansi, makoma, ma radiator, mipando yokhala ndi zojambulazo kapena zida zina, mutha kuyamba kujambula. Mutha kujambula kudenga m'njira zingapo: ndi chowongolera, ndi burashi, pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya kutsitsi. Njira iliyonse yomwe ili pamwambayi ili ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake. Mtundu wa ntchito yomwe udachitidwa umadalira chida chomwe wagwiritsa ntchito.
Aliyense akhoza kujambula ndi burashi. Asanayambe ntchito, burashi ya utoto iyenera kutsukidwa ndi fumbi. Pofuna kukonza mapulasitiki, akatswiri ojambula amalangiza kuwamiza m'madzi kwa ola limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imakupatsani mwayi wopewa kutaya kwamiyala pakugwiritsa ntchito utoto pamwamba.
Mukayamba kujambula, burashiyo iyenera kuviikidwa mu utoto ndi varnish, pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kuchotsa utoto wochulukirapo mwa kukanikiza pamakoma a chidebe kapena chidebe china chosankhidwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito utoto padenga, chidacho chiyenera kuchitidwa mozungulira kapena pang'ono, pentani pang'ono, kusuntha dzanja lanu mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo.
Wodzigudubuza
Monga tanena kale, zotsatira zomaliza zimadalira mtundu wa chida chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale mutha kujambula ndi burashi, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito mapangidwe a bevels, malo olumikizira khoma, ndibwino kuti muzitha kujambula pazitsulozo. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chojambula chojambula pamwamba. Zimakupatsani inu kujambula madera akuluakulu, kwakukulukulu chimakwirira ndege zopaka utoto.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya chida ichi, chomwe chimasiyana ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo: mphira wa thovu, zamtengo wapatali, terry, chikopa cha nkhosa, ndi mulu wolimbitsa. Yoyamba mwa mitundu yomwe yatchulidwayo ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri, koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito mphira wa thovu, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kupyola utoto wambiri, zotsatira zoyipa (mawonekedwe a matuza pa ndege).
Mitundu yamtengo wapatali ndi terry ndi njira zina zosankhira bajeti. Sizokhazikika. Maonekedwe okutirawo amatengera kutalika kwa muluwo. Makina odzigudubuza okhala ndi malo opangira opangidwa ndi ubweya wachilengedwe wachikopa ndiabwino kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito mitundu yonse ya utoto, amapereka yunifolomu, zokutira yunifolomu, amalola kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kupanga.
Utsi mfuti
Msika wama zida opaka utoto umapereka mfuti zingapo zopopera zomwe zimasiyana m'maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Chida ichi chimapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zopaka utoto, koma sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito zipinda zazing'ono, popaka utoto wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chida chotere, muyenera kusamalira zida zanu zodzitetezera (makina opumira, magalasi).
Mfuti yopopera kapena makina ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kupenta malo akulu. Zimawonjezera zokolola pantchito, zimakupatsani mwayi wofalitsa utoto padenga locheperako, komanso losanjikiza. Palibe mizere yomwe imapangika pamwamba, ndipo ngati madontho akulendewera atuluka, amatha kutsukidwa mosavuta ndi siponji.Mosiyana ndi wodzigudubuza ndi burashi, utsi ungachepetse kwambiri zakumwa, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wotsiriza wa kupenta.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito chipangizochi, maluso ena amafunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Poyamba, muyenera kusefa utoto, mothandizidwa ndi zosungunulira kuti muchepetse utoto ku viscosity yogwira ntchito. Ndikwabwino kuti musayambe kugwira ntchito yoyamba kufikira pomwepo. Tikulimbikitsidwa kusunthira nozzle ya utsi kumbali ndikusintha utsi wogawana kuti usawononge zotsatira zomaliza.
Mtundu uti kupenta kudenga
Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa khitchini, bafa, chipinda chochezera zimakhudza mwachindunji munthu, momwe akumvera, thanzi lake, malingaliro ake. Kumvetsetsa zovuta za mthunzi uliwonse, mutha kuyimitsa posankha choyenera kwambiri. Komabe, ngati mchipindacho ali kale ndi mathero ena, mapepala azithunzi, ndiye kuti utoto wa utoto umachepa kwambiri, ndipo utoto uyenera kufanana ndi zomwe zilipo mnyumbamo.
Pakujambula, ndibwino kusankha mithunzi yachilengedwe: buluu, beige, wachikasu, wobiriwira. Koma mtundu wa kudenga ukhoza kukhala wosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Tiyeni tikhale pamitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Oyera. Zitha kutchedwa zachikale. Izi ndizabwino kuzipinda zazing'ono, zamdima, zamdima. Posankha mtundu uwu, muyenera kuganizira mutu wa chipinda.
- Buluu. Zokwanira pa bafa, bafa, chipinda chogona ndi nazale. Sikoyenera kuti mugwiritse ntchito kukhitchini, munjira yakuda.
- Chobiriwira. Njirayi idzakhala yofunikira kukhitchini, ndikupangitsa kuti mukhale ndi chilakolako china. Zikuwoneka bwino mu holo. Kwa chipinda chogona, ndi bwino kusankha mthunzi wa azitona.
- Wachikasu. Mtundu wa dzuwa umawongolera bwino magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito, imathandizira dongosolo lamanjenje. Oyenera zokongoletsa nduna, chipinda chosewerera ana.
- Ofiira. Osati wamba. Amapereka mphamvu komanso mphamvu, koma kupitilira apo kumatha kuyambitsa ukali. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipinda chogona.
Kutsiliza
Siling ndi gawo lofunikira mkati mwazonse, chifukwa chake kusankha komwe akumaliza kuyenera kusamalidwa mosamala. Mutasankha kujambula, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo kale yamitundu, kudziwa zida ndi zida zofunikira pazochitikazo, ndikuphunzirani momwe mungakonzekerere. Mbali yofunikira ndi mtundu wa utoto wosankhidwa. Kukhala bwino ndi malingaliro am'banjamo makamaka zimadalira iye. Mukamakonzekera kujambula kudenga, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire pasadakhale mawonekedwe azosakaniza mitundu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Cholakwitsa kwambiri pakupanga ndikufunitsitsa kusungitsa ndalama pokonzanso m'nyumba.
