Ntchito yokongoletsa malowa: magawo ojambula, zikhalidwe ndi malamulo

Aliyense amafuna kukongoletsa nyumba yake malinga ndi zomwe amakonda, kuti ndi zokongola, zokoma, zokongoletsa kapena zapamwamba, zapamwamba kapena zowona. Koma kukonza kanyumba kanyumba kapenanso nyumba yotentha ndi theka lokhalira nkhondo. Ngakhale nyumbayo ikhale yokongola bwanji kunja, itaya theka la chithumwa ngati ingakwere pa "malo opanda kanthu" - malo osavutikira okhala ndi mpanda wolowetsa ndi mabedi osasunthika kumbuyo. Chithunzi chokhumudwitsa, sichoncho? Kuyika malo okhala ndi nyumba ndi malo onse ophatikizidwa kumachitika ndiopanga malo. Ngakhale okongoletsa odziwika bwino adadziwika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, ntchitoyi idayamba kalekale, pakufunika kukongoletsa nyumba zakachisi ndi katundu wa nzika zolemera. Ntchito yokonza malowa imatha kupangidwa payokha. Oyamba kumene nthawi zambiri amasowa ndipo sakudziwa kuchokera mbali iti kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyi. Munkhaniyi, tikupatsani maupangiri angapo ofunikira kwaopanga mapangidwe amalo ndikuwonetsa ndi zitsanzo zomwe luso lokongoleli limabisa.

Magawo ojambula ntchito zapa malo

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zosavuta, ndi njira yaying'ono yopangira mapulani othandizira kukonza madera akumatauni. Osadzinyenga nokha ndikudalira zolembalemba zokha, muyenera kufufuza malowo ndi tepi muyeso ndi kamera mmwamba ndi pansi, koma zinthu zoyambirira. Kupanga kumaphatikizapo magawo awa:

• Kukonzekera ndi kusonkhanitsa deta. Pakadali pano, kuyeza ndi kafukufuku wamapangidwe amachitika.
• Chojambula cha maukonde amisiri.
• Kusankha kwamalingaliro.
• Kufufuza nthaka (acidity, kapangidwe), kuya kwa madzi apansi. Kafukufuku wazomera zomwe zidalipo kale ndikugawidwa koyambirira m'magulu awiri: lomwe likugwirizana ndi lingaliro la kapangidwe kake ndi lomwe liyenera kuzulidwa.
• Chithunzi chojambula chikuwonetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera akulu ndi nyumba.
• Kukongoletsa malo ndikusankha bwino kwa zomera.
• Kusankhidwa kwa zida zothandizira kukhazikitsa lingaliro.
• Kukula kwa kuyatsa.
• Kusankha kokongoletsa kudera lililonse.
• Kuwona kutsata kwa lingalirolo ndizotheka zenizeni pamalowo, kuchita miyezo "yoyang'anira" mobwerezabwereza.
• "Kuvomereza" komaliza kwa ntchitoyi.

Sikoyenera konse kugwira ntchito ndi kujambula papepala. Pazifukwa izi, othandizira ambiri pa intaneti apangidwa. Pambuyo potsegula deta yoyamba, owonetserako adzakupatsani malo osiyanasiyana "odzaza", omwe mumangofunika kusankha omwe mumakonda.
Mukamaliza ntchito yayikulu pantchitoyi, mu pulogalamu yomwe ili patsamba lomwe muli, mutha kuyenda, kuwunika kuyenera kwake ndikupeza zofooka zomwe zingakonzedwe mwachangu.

Akatswiri athandiza iwo omwe amangotenga magawo oyamba mwamanyazi pakupanga malo ndikuwopa kupanga zolakwika zingapo zosasinthika. Asanabweretse malingaliro amoyo pamtengo winawake, womwe umafanana ndi mtengo wa ntchito yomalizidwa, opanga amatha kuwunikiranso bwino za ntchitoyi ndikupereka upangiri wofunikira.

Makhalidwe ofunikira

Makhalidwe ofunikira kwambiri pamunda omwe angakhudze mamangidwe ake ndi monga:

• Malo. Ichi ndiye chinthu choyamba kuganizira. Zachidziwikire, malingaliro akulu-akulu sangakwaniritsidwe pamalo owerengeka maekala angapo. Pazinthu ngati izi, kuchuluka kumafunika.
• Fomuyi. Eni malo osakanikirana alibe mwayi. Madera amitundu yayitali ndi amakona anayi amawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino. Ndizovuta kwambiri kukonzekera bwino zinthu zamakona atatu. Ndi maekala angati patsamba linalake, omwe mungapeze pazolemba ndi zogulitsa.
• Mpumulo. Poterepa, kutalika, mapako, malo otsetsereka ndizofunikira. Chikhalidwe cha mpumulocho chidzakhudza kwambiri kukongoletsa malo.
• Kupezeka kwa madera oyandikana nawo, misewu yapafupi. Izi zikuyenera kuganiziridwa mukamaika zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zakhazikitsidwa.
• Kupezeka kwa kulumikizana kwaukadaulo. Izi zimapezeka m'malo omwe amapezeka m'malo okhala anthu ambiri. Ngati tikulankhula za chilengedwe "chamtchire", ndiye kuti kulumikizana konse kuyenera kumangidwa kuyambira pachiyambi, ndipo izi zimathandizira kapangidwe kake mofanana ndi chikwama cha wokhala mchilimwe, chifukwa ntchito yotereyi imalumikizidwa ndi ndalama zowonjezera.

Ganiziraninso kupezeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe: madzi, mapiri amiyala, mitengo.

Timapanga malinga ndi malamulo ndi malangizo

Choyambirira, muyenera kudzizolowera ndi miyezo yosamalira mtunda pakati pa nyumba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ngati lamulo lirilonse lanyalanyazidwa, ndiye kuti mukayang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito pamoto kapena kuyang'anira ukhondo, simudzangopereka chindapusa, komanso kugwetsani nyumbayo ndikuyamba ntchito yomanga mwatsopano. Mndandanda wa miyezo ndi iyi:

• Mtunda wosachepera 6 mita uyenera kusamalidwa pakati pa nyumba zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosayaka (konkriti, konkriti wolimbitsa) ndi zina zofananira. Ngati khola kapena khitchini yachilimwe ili ndi pansi pamatabwa, ndiye kuti imamangidwa patali mamita 8 Kwa nyumba zopangidwa ndi zinthu zoyaka (matabwa), mtunda wa 10 m.
• Mamita 10 atsala pakati pa nyumba zofananira zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosayaka ndi pansi pamatabwa. Mtunda wa mamita 12 umasungidwa ku nyumba zopangidwa ndi matabwa.
• Nyumba zonse zopangidwa ndi zinthu zoyaka komanso zotchinga zimamangidwa patali mita 15 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
• Nyumba yokhalamo iyenera kupatulidwa ndi msewu pafupifupi 5 m.
• Magwero amadzi (zitsime, zitsime) samakumbidwa pafupi ndi maenje a kompositi ndi zimbudzi zakunja. Mtunda wocheperako pakati pawo uyenera kukhala mamita 8. Mtunda wofananawo umawonedwa pakati pa chipinda chosambiramo ndi nyumba yogona kapena chipinda chapansi pogona pomwe zinthuzo zimasungidwa.
• Mamita 12 ayenera kusiyanitsa malo okhala ndi nyumba zosungira ziweto komanso chimbudzi.

Ndikofunika kukumbukiranso mtunda wovomerezeka kumalo oyandikana nawo kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mitengo yayitali komanso nyumba zakunyumba zomwe nyama zimasungidwa ziyenera kupatulidwa ndi 4 mita kuchokera kumpanda. Nyumbayo imatha kumangidwa pang'ono pang'ono - mita 3 yokha., Ndi nyumba zina pamtunda wa mita 1. Mitengo yapakatikati imabzalidwa patali mamitala 2. Kuchokera kumpanda woyandikana nawo, ndi zitsamba - pa mita 1. Kwambiri, miyezo yotere imakhazikitsidwa kotero kuti zinthu zazikulu sanaponye mthunzi kapena kusokoneza anthu ena omwe adakhazikitsa dimba kapena ndiwo zamasamba. Komabe, kumanga chimbudzi, khola la nkhumba, kapena kukumba dzenje la manyowa pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo kuli ndi kuphwanya mfundo zaukhondo, zomwe zitha kuyambitsa kuipitsidwa kwamadzi mdera lawo. Musayembekezere kuti adaboola chitsime kumpanda wina.

Kusankha mtundu wa utoto wamapangidwe amalo

Mothandizidwa ndi mitundu, mutha kupanga kapangidwe kapadera kanyumba kakale kwambiri kanyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zapadera zandalama zopangira utoto wopanga sizidzafunika. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga mtundu wazinthu zamtundu uliwonse, zidagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

• Zinthu zachilengedwe. Gululi limaphatikizapo zonse zomwe zidapangidwa mwachilengedwe: malo osungira, mapiri, malo obiriwira komanso minda yamiyala yachilengedwe.
• Zomangamanga. Izi zikuphatikiza nyumba zonse pamalopo: kuyambira gazebos kupita kunyumba yayikulu. Poterepa, mtundu wa zomalizira ndi zokongoletsa ndizofunikira.
• Zambiri za malo okongoletsera komanso chikhalidwe. Gululi limaphatikizapo zinthu zopangidwa ndi manja, kuphatikiza kwa mithunzi yopanda malire. Gululi limaphatikizapo mitengo, zitsamba, mabedi amaluwa, mabedi amaluwa (obzalidwa ndi manja awo), minda yamiyala, miyala yamiyala, mayiwe opangira, akasupe ndi akasupe.
• Zina zonse zojambula. Izi zikuphatikiza njira zam'munda, mipanda, pansi, milatho, nyali, ziboliboli zazing'ono, ma hammock.

Gawo lomalizali likufanana ndi zokongoletsera zazing'ono ngati tingafanane ndi kapangidwe kazamkati. Ndi chithandizo chake, utoto utha kupukutidwa, ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, zigawozo zimasinthidwa mosavuta ndi zina. M'malo mwake, "zinthu zina" zimawonetsa malingaliro a eni tsambalo, pomwe kusankha zina kumazikidwa ndi zokonda, zomwe, monga mukudziwa, zimangosintha pakapita nthawi.

Mayendedwe otchuka

Maupangiri onse okongoletsa mamangidwe a nyumba zazinyumba ndi chilimwe atha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• Zakale.
• Wotchuka wamasiku ano.

Ngati zoyamba zidapangidwa kwazaka zambiri ndipo zatsikira kwa ife momwe zidapangidwira munthawi zosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti gulu lachiwiri likuyenda mosalekeza, likukula ndikusintha. Mitundu yakale imaphatikizapo Dutch, Japan, Mediterranean, French, English, Moorish, Colonial, Russian, and Chinese. Gulu lotchuka limaphatikizapo ukadaulo waukadaulo, minimalism, alpine (mawonekedwe a choko), amakono ndi mawonekedwe a eco. Pomaliza pake, tsambalo limapangidwa mwachilengedwe momwe zingathere, ndiye kuti asymmetry yachilengedwe imalandiridwa. Minimalism imagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yaying'ono, malo akulu ndi dongosolo logwirizana lazinthu zokongoletsera zosowa. High-tech amamvera malamulo okhwima: njira za phula zaukhondo, ma geometry osavuta pakupanga mitundu yaying'ono yazomangamanga, tchire lodulidwa bwino. Zamakono zimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yosalala, ngodya zozungulira, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ndi mawonekedwe. Mtundu wa Alpine ndiwabwino m'malo amisili. Minda "yamapiri" imayikidwa pa iwo, pomwe zomera zimasinthana ndi mapiri amiyala ndi minda yamiyala.

Kukhazikitsa malo

Pofuna kuti mawonekedwe awoneke bwino, osakola zinthu zilizonse, ziyenera kugawidwa, kutanthauza kuti, zigawidwe m'malo osiyanasiyana, pomwe zinthu zina zimaphatikizidwa m'magulu. Pafupipafupi pamakhala masamba awa:

• Malo opumulira.
• Malo a munda.
• Gulu la zomangamanga.
• Malo ochitira panja ndi masewera.

Madera onse amakhala okhaokha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zam'munda, mipanda, mabedi amaluwa kapena zinthu zokongoletsera.

Malo opumulira

Malo osangalalira adapangidwira makampani akulu ndipo atha kukhala:

• Kutsegula kapena kutseka gazebo. Njira yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito chilimwe chokha. Ma gazebos otsekedwa amakhala ndi ma glazed ndipo nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi makina odziyimira pawokha, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala malo abwino azisangalalo nthawi yachisanu.
• Malo otseguka kapena otsekedwa (pansi pa denga) okhala ndi kanyenya, poyatsira moto kapena kanyenya.
• Kumbuyo kwa nyumba yokhala ndi mipando yolumikizidwa, thebulo lodyera, chochezera chochezera ndi nkhuku. Malowa amapangidwa panja kapena kukongoletsedwa ndi pergola wophatikizidwa ndi ivy, mphesa, clematis.
• Chipinda chodyera chopanda denga. Malowa akuphatikizapo tebulo komanso mipando. Nthawi zambiri, ili pafupi ndi khitchini yachilimwe kuti musamanyamula mbale ndi mbale kutali.

Malo achisangalalo nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi dimba, lomwe limapatsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso malo ochitira masewerawa kuti tiana tiwasamalire popanda kusokonezedwa pamisonkhano.

Munda wamaluwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba

Munda ndi dimba lamasamba mwachikhalidwe zimaphatikizidwa kukhala gawo limodzi, ngakhale zosankha ndizotheka mabedi atagona theka la mundawo, ndipo mitengo ndi zitsamba zimabzalidwa kwina. Kusankha malo obiriwira kumatsimikizira kupumula, kuya kwa madzi apansi panthaka ndi mtundu wa nthaka. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuyika mabediwo mbali "yosasangalatsa" ya tsambalo, kuseli kwa nyumbayo, kuti wowonjezera kutentha ndi ndiwo zamasamba zisakhale zowonera ndikuwononga kunja kwa nyumbayo. Ngati nthaka yolima nkhaka ndi tomato siyabwino kwenikweni, ndiye kuti zinthu zingasinthidwe mothandizidwa ndi nthaka yolowetsedwa. Munda mulimonsemo uyenera kuwoneka waukhondo komanso wodzikongoletsa bwino. Kuti izi zitheke, mabedi otchedwa "okwera", okwezedwa pamwamba pa nthaka yonse ndi otchingidwa ndi matabwa, pulasitiki, mipanda yamiyala, athandiza. Mundawo umatha kutenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina iyi ndi paradaiso wokhala ndi maluwa osangalatsa, ngati kuti achokera pazithunzi zamafashoni, ndipo nthawi zina ndikutsanzira paki yokhala ndi zipatso ndi ma conifers obzalidwa m'mizere, okhala ndi mipando yopumulira ndi njira zaukhondo.

Malo okhala ndi zomangamanga

Nyumbazi zimaphatikizapo nyumba yosambiramo, khitchini yachilimwe, malo osungira zinthu, mitengo yamatabwa, nyumba zomwe zimasungidwa ziweto. M'malo mwake, mdera lino masamba onse amapezeka pomwe ntchito iliyonse imagwiridwa, palibe nthawi yopuma, chifukwa chake, chofunikira ndichakuti, magwiridwe antchito, osati kukongola. Mukamapanga kapangidwe kake, chidwi chimaperekedwa kwa mtundu wazomaliza zomanga nyumba, makalata awo olembera malingaliro omwe asankhidwa ndi zokongoletsa zosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito mabedi amaluwa, njira ndi mipanda.

Masewera ndi malo osewerera

Bwalo lamasewera limatha kuphatikizira bwalo la tenisi, zithunzi za ana ndi ma swings, makina opingasa, komanso mitundu ina yazida zolimbitsa thupi ngati banja limakonda masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwake sikungathandize m'malo okhala ndi malo ochepa. Nthawi izi, ndibwino kuti muchepetse zokhazokha pakuphatikizika komanso kutsetsereka. Malo amasewera ndi zosangalatsa nthawi zambiri amakhala kumbuyo kwa nyumba. Nthawi zambiri pamalire ndi malo okhala ndi dimba.

Njira zam'munda ndi udzu

Njira zam'munda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posanja tsambalo. M'mbali, amakongoletsedwa ndi mipanda yotsika, mabedi opindika, ma parterres, mabedi amaluwa ndi zosakanikirana, ngati njirayo ili pafupi ndi mpanda wopanda kanthu. Njirazo ndizopangidwa ndi miyala yokongola, miyala yosweka, miyala yayikulu ikuluikulu, kudula matabwa, matabwa, konkriti, njerwa, zidutswa za matailosi a ceramic zoyikika ndi njira yokometsera. Udzu umabzalidwa pamalo opanda nyumba, popeza kapeti yaudzu imawoneka yokongola kwambiri ngati ili ndi gawo lalikulu. Udzu wofananirawo uli pamphepete mwa malo osangalalira; nthawi yotentha itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bwalo la mini-mpira. Kuphatikiza pa udzu wofupikitsa wachikhalidwe, palinso mtundu wama Moor. Sifunikira kukonzanso kwambiri ndipo ndi potpourri wokongola wa udzu wakumunda, womwe nthawi zina umafika mpaka m'chiuno.

Malo osungiramo zinthu - chinthu chokongoletsa malo

Kodi malowa alibe posungira ndi chiyani? Nthawi zosayembekezereka, mtsinje umadutsa pamalowo kapena pali dziwe lachilengedwe pafupi. Ngati malowa alibe mitsempha yamadzi achilengedwe, ndiye kuti ayenera kupanga njira ina. Njira yosungira ndalama zambiri ndi dziwe. Chisamaliro chochepa chimafunika. Madziwewa mumadzaza nyama zam'madzi ndipo nthawi zina nsomba. Amagwirizanitsa mbali yamadzi ndi minimalism ndi mawonekedwe achi Japan. Phokoso losangalatsa la kung'ung'udza kwa madzi kumachokera ku akasupe ndi mitundu yawo yovuta kwambiri - ma cascades. Kuti mukonzekere dziwe lotere, muyenera kugula makina apadera opopera madzi omwe "azidya" magetsi. Kapangidwe kake kochulukira komanso mphamvu yake ikakulirakulira, kumatha kuthira madzi ambiri. Maiwe akukonzedwa m'nyumba zokongola. Dziwe lodziyimira lokha limasakanikirana bwino ndi sauna. Mutha kusamba nthunzi mmenemo, kenako ndikuziziritsa kutentha m'madzi ozizira a dziwe.

Malamulo oyatsa malo

Kuunikira kwamagawo kudagawika m'magulu atatu:

• Zoyambira. Gulu ili limaphatikizapo zowunikira zowunikira pafupi ndi khonde komanso pafupi ndi zomangamanga.
• Zowonjezera.Nyali panjira, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti muziyenda mozungulira malowa usiku.
• Zokongoletsa. Kuunikira kwamtunduwu kukugogomezera kukongola kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa mozungulira, zomwe sizikhala ndi ntchito "yothandiza" ndipo zimayikidwa kokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osangalatsa.

Nyali zamphamvu zimayikidwa muzowunikira zazikulu. Kwa zopangira zokongoletsa, kuwala, kuwala kofalikira ndikokwanira.

Njira yothetsera ndalama ikanakhala kugula nyali zoyendera mphamvu ya dzuwa. Zachidziwikire, gwero lowala ngati limeneli silikhala lokwanira usiku wonse, koma kwa maola 3-5 azitha kugwira ntchito mosadodometsedwa mumdima wandiweyani.

Musaiwale zazokongoletsa

"Kukongoletsa" kwamalo atsambali kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsa. Alibe gulu limodzi, koma izi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu akulu awiri:

• Zokongoletsa "zokhala", ndiye kuti, malo obiriwira.
• Zambiri.

Zokongoletsa za "moyo" zimaphatikizapo mabedi amaluwa ndi mitundu yonse ya nyimbo zochokera zitsamba ndi mitengo. Izi zitha kukhala mabedi amaluwa, malire, tapeworm, mbewu zamchere, zosakanikirana, kumbuyo kwa masitepe, topiary, labyrinths, kubzala magawo angapo, minda yamaluwa, arabesque, minda yamiyala, miyala yamiyala, miphika yamaluwa. Zokongoletsa zina zimaphatikizapo mabenchi, mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono omanga, ziboliboli, zifanizo zanyama za ceramic, milatho, pergolas, nsanja, trellises, mabwalo, ndi mipando yam'munda. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zokongoletsa mwachindunji kumadalira mtundu wa tsambalo. Mwachitsanzo, ngolo yamatabwa yokhala ndi maluwa ndi mawilo akale idzagogomezera kusasamala kwa masitayelo a rustic kapena Russian. Benchi yachitsulo yapamwamba yokhala ndi zinthu zopangira zinthu izigwirizana ndi zochitika amakono, Chingerezi kapena zachikale. Kasupeyu, yemwe anaikidwa m'mabedi amaluwa komanso okongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli, adzakwanira bwino kwambiri kalembedwe ka Chifalansa.

Kutsiliza

Kukhazikika kwadongosolo pamalowo ndikofunika kwa malo okongola. Kupanga mawonekedwe kuyenera kuwonedwa ngati kovuta, mwayi wowonetsa maluso anu monga wopanga. Simuyenera kukomoka pasadakhale pa bajeti yampikisano wonse, popeza malingaliro ambiri atha kukwaniritsidwa okha osakhudzana ndi akatswiri, omwe ntchito zawo zimakhala zodula. Mwamwayi, Webusayiti Yapadziko Lonse ili ndi mitundu yonse yamakalasi oyala bwino poyala njira zam'munda, ndikupanga mabedi amitengo ovuta ndikuyika gazebos.

Onerani kanemayo: Using NDI Scan Converter (November 2024).