Topiary ("mtengo wachimwemwe") ndi chokongoletsera chodziwika bwino. Mbiri yake imabwerera zaka masauzande ambiri ndipo idayamba ndikumeta tchire mwachizolowezi. Amakhulupirira kuti topiary imabweretsa mwayi kwa eni nyumbayo. Ena amakongoletsa mtengowo ndi makobidi komanso ndalama zandalama kuti akope ndalama. Mtengo wochita kupanga ndichinthu chokongoletsera chomwe chimafunikira mkati, chaka chonse makamaka makamaka patchuthi. Simuyenera kuchita kugula m'sitolo Maluso anu adzasintha "zinthu" zosadabwitsa ndikuzipanga zokongola. Topiary ngati mtengo wonyezimira wambiri ndi woyenera pafupifupi chipinda chilichonse, mosasamala kanthu za cholinga chake komanso kapangidwe kake. Chodzikongoletsera ichi sichimangokhala chokongola, komanso chothandiza - sichidzaphulika kamodzi. Zojambulajambula za DIY ndi mphatso yabwino yakubadwa.
Topiary: mbiri yakuyambira
Nyengo yakale imawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo loyambirira pakukula kwa zaluso. Olima minda a anthu olemera omwe anali mu Ufumu wa Roma ndi ena mwa akatswiri oyambilira okongoletsawa. Amatchedwa - topiary. Adapanga mitundu, nyama ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika kuchokera ku zisoti zachifumu, zomwe zinali zachilendo panthawiyi. Wolemba mbiri Pliny adati woyang'anira minda woyamba woyang'anira minda anali Calven, m'modzi mwa oyang'anira nyumba ya Kaisara. Komabe, akatswiri amakono akuganiza kuti Aroma adatengera maluso awo kuchokera kwa akatswiri aku Asia Minor ndi Egypt. Kwa zaka mazana angapo kuchokera pamene kugwa kwa Roma, luso silinachitike. Ozilenga za Renaissance adazitenga zatsopano. Kuchokera pakupanga malo, topiary pang'onopang'ono "idadutsa" kukhala zaluso zokongoletsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Cholinga cha akatswiri amtundu wamatenda am'madzi akuwonetsedwa ndi amodzi mwa mayina - "Mtengo waku Europe".
Maziko opanga topiary
Mutha kukonzekera mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga waya, maluwa, thovu (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu china), ndodo ya nsungwi (ndodo yamatabwa, tsinde la chomera), alabasitala, miphika yamaluwa ndi zokongoletsera zokongoletsera. Pochita izi, mudzafunika mapuloteni ndi lumo. Maluwa opanga, ulusi, mikanda, miyala yokongoletsera imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsa. Kuti muthe kukonza mtengowo, uyenera kukhazikika pamalo obzala ndi pulasitala (alabaster). Kusasinthasintha kwa zinthu zophatikizika kuyenera kukhala wandiweyani. Mukatsanulira mu chomera, thunthu losakanizidwa limayikidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikukhazikika. Kenako, zinthu zakutchire zimadulidwa. Zidutswa zake zimakhazikika pa mpira ndi waya. Kukula kwakukulu kwa gawoli ndi masentimita 12. Mbaliyo ikaphimbidwa kwathunthu, amayamba kukongoletsa ndi zokongoletsa. Zimangokhalira kukonza korona pa olamulira. Mufunika guluu, makamaka wotentha.
Korona
Mufunika waya ndi guluu kuti mupange pamwamba pa topiary. Korona amakongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera, kuphatikiza ndi mauta ndi mafano a mbalame. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ofala kwambiri amakhala ozungulira komanso kufalikira. Maziko owoneka ngati mpira adzagwira ntchito zonse ziwiri. Korona wofalitsa amapangidwa ndi mipira ingapo. Zowona zimachitidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi komanso manyuzipepala. Choyamba, nyuzipepala imafinyidwa, kenako imawonjezeredwa ina, motero mapangidwe okhazikika amiyeso yofunikira amapangika pang'onopang'ono. Amamangiriridwa ndi ulusi, ngati kuli kotheka, komanso ndi guluu. Njira ina: thovu limaphwanyidwa pang'onopang'ono, kenako limalumikizidwa. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito thovu la polyurethane, muyenera thumba ndi mpeni wolemba kuti mupange mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna, ozungulira kapena osakhala ofanana. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya papier-mâché, korona amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku buluni, guluu ndi pepala.
Mndandanda wa zina mwazinthu zomwe korona angapangidwe ndi:
- cones;
- zoseweretsa zofewa Chaka Chatsopano;
- mipira.
Thunthu
Kuphatikiza pa migolo yolunjika, migolo yopindika komanso iwiri imapangidwanso. Ndikofunika kuti m'lifupi mwake muchepetse. Chidebe chopangidwa mwaluso nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi timitengo tating'ono. Njira zopanda nzeru monga nthambi, mapensulo, timitengo, zimayambira zidzachita. Mitengo ikuluikulu imapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zokhota ndi waya wamphamvu. Amatsalira mumtundu wawo wakale kapena utoto, wokutidwa ndi nsalu zamitundu.
Thunthu limadulidwa ndi masamba opanga, "zipatso" kapena kumatsalira popanda zowonjezera. Tsinde losalala limapangidwa ndi timitengo ta nsungwi. Zidutswa zingapo zamawaya ndi matepi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe ovuta omwe amafanizira nthambi. Mukakonza zidutswa zitatu za waya ndi zomata zomata ndikuzisintha mosiyanasiyana, mumakhala ndi chifukwa chosangalatsa cha korona.
Base
Gawo lakumunsi ndi mphika wamba, kutsanzira kwake kapena chidebe chilichonse. Udindo woyambira ukhoza kuseweredwa ndi magalasi, mitsuko, mabasiketi, mbale. Zodzikongoletsera ndi utoto zimasankhidwa mwanzeru zanu, koma muyenera kutsatira lamuloli - m'mimba mwake mulibe laling'ono kuposa la korona. Gypsum imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chodzaza chidebe ndi loko kwa mbiya. Mphika wawung'ono wopangira topiary wowoneka bwino ungadzaze mchenga. Kuti mudzaze chidebe chachikulu, miyala yaying'ono ikwanira, m'mphepete mudzafunika kusindikizidwa ndi pepala. Polyurethane thovu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Pali njira zina, zosakwanira zachikhalidwe. Zitsanzo: kugwiritsa ntchito unyinji wa papier-mâché, kulumikiza dongosolo ndi dongo, galasi, pulasitiki, nthaka. Zotengera zamatope ndi pasitala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena chimanga zimawoneka zoyambirira.
Ngakhale mphika wolimba ungang'ambike kuchokera ku gypsum filler, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyika siponji yaying'ono kapena thovu!
Zokongoletsa ndi zosankha pamisonkhano
Malo onse aku topiary amafanana. Kukhalapo kwa gawo lakumunsi ngati chosunga, mzati womwewo ndi kumtunda kumafunikira. Mpira kapena chinthu china chimakhala gawo la maziko a gawo lapamwamba ngati korona. Komabe, pamwamba pake atha kupangidwanso ngati duwa, chinyama kapena cholembedwa. Pakhoza kukhala mitengo ikuluikulu ingapo. Zowongoka komanso zopindika. Chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi pulasitala kapena zinthu zina zophatikizika, ndikukongoletsedwa ndi zinthu zingapo zokongoletsa. Topiary imakongoletsedwa ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, nsomba zamtchire, nthambi, mikanda, ulusi wagolide, tsamba lagolide, maliboni achikuda, maukonde, ndodo. Mutha kudula korona ndi masamba a boxwood, ndalama zolembedwa ndi ndalama, kubzala mbewu ndi maluwa, zoseweretsa zofewa za Chaka Chatsopano, maswiti, mapepala, kumva, nyimbo zosiyanasiyana, maliboni, zopukutira m'manja ndi zipatso zamitengo. Mutuwo ukhoza kulumikizidwa ndi maholide ena.
Kuchokera ku nyemba za khofi
Mudzafunika nyemba za khofi zosankhidwa, mbiya, zotengera zosakaniza ndi kukonza, lumo, tepi, mfuti ya guluu, mpira wokhala ndi masentimita 8 kapena kupitilira apo.Ngakhale kuti ndikosavuta kumata nyembazo mozungulira, ndibwino kuzitsogolera. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira zotsatirazi: choyamba, ikani zosanjikiza pansi, ndipo m'mizere yopangika muikemo njere, mutembenukire kwina. Coating kuyanika adzakhala opanda mipata. Gawo lotsatira ndikudzaza chidebecho ndi kuphatikiza ndikuyika mbiya. Pambuyo pake kusakaniza kuuma, mawonekedwe ake adapangidwa. Itha kumalizidwa mwanjira ina kapena mofanana ndi mpira. Choyamba, nyemba imodzi imamangilizidwa ndi mikwingwirima pansi, kenako pamwamba pake mbali inayo. Pamwamba pa thunthu afewetsedwa ndi guluu, korona wakhazikika pamenepo. Iyenera kukulungidwa ndi china chopepuka ndikukongoletsa.
Mitsempha
Impso ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndikukonzedwa. Chowotchera chimachotsa dothi, zotsalira za utomoni zimachotsedwa ndi swab ya thonje. Yankho la viniga lidzakuthandizani kuchotsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri. Mufunika zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga topiary komanso - ulusi wandiweyani, singano ndi nthambi za chomera (nthawi zambiri, nthambi za thuja zimasankhidwa). Masambawo ayenera kukhala ofanana kukula, kuzungulira ndi kutseguka kokwanira (mwachitsanzo paini). Zosatsegulidwa mosakwanira zimawongoleredwa ndi mapiritsi kapena kuyikidwa mu uvuni. Mothandizidwa ndi guluu ndi ulusi, masambawo amakhazikika pa mpira wokonzedwa. M'mawu achikale, ma cones "amawoneka" panja, koma topiary yomwe ili ndi impso ina siziwoneka bwino. Mpira umakongoletsedwa ndi zinthu zagolide, mafano azinyama, komanso zipatso za mitengo ina - zipatso ndi mabokosi.
Ma cones omwe ali oyenera kwambiri kukongoletsa zakuthambo:
- Pine;
- Mkungudza.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro okongoletsa, ma cone amkungudza aku Siberia amawoneka okongola kwambiri.
Kuyambira zopukutira m'manja
Mudzafunika zigawo zingapo monga ma stapler, zopukutira mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, waya, ndodo imodzi kapena zingapo, mawonekedwe ozungulira, mphika, mikanda, ndi riboni. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zopukutira m'maso, kawirikawiri - ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana.
Muyenera kuphatikiza zopukutira m'mimba zingapo pakatikati (kapena chimodzi chachikulu chopindidwa kangapo). Pambuyo pake, amadula bwalo. Mphepete amapangidwa ngakhale kapena wavy. Zoyipa zimathandizira kupanga masamba osakhazikika. Zochekerazi zimawapangitsa kuwoneka owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino. Mukakweza gawo lililonse, mawonekedwe adzapezeka omwe amafanana ndi maluwa. Kuti muchepetse mpira wokhala ndi masentimita 20, muyenera zinthu ngati makumi atatu. Onetsetsani ndi guluu ndi waya. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuti mubwererenso kukula kwa duwa, mufunika mabwalo pafupifupi masentimita 10. Masamba obiriwira ayenera kuwonjezeredwa maluwa kuchokera ku zidutswa zomangirizidwa kapena zomata palimodzi ngati tsamba.
Kuchokera pama riboni a satin
Kuti mukongoletse korona, mufunika zinthu zosachepera khumi. Riboni ya satin kapena maliboni angapo amitundu yosiyana adadulidwa mofanana. Zinthu zopangidwa mwaluso zitha kuchita. Magawo ake amapindidwa pakati, ndipo amawikapo mawonekedwe a maluwa osakanikirana, pakati amakhala okhazikika ndi mfuti yotentha kapena yolukidwa.
Izi zitha kuchitika ndi riboni imodzi, pang'onopang'ono nkukupinda mozungulira mozungulira ngati duwa. Zokwera zimatsalira pansi pakati. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupanga mpendadzuwa kuchokera ku maliboni: zidutswa za 15 sentimita zimapinda pakati ndikukhotakhota kuti zizipanga cholumikizira polumikiza malekezero. Zinthu zingapo izi zimafunikira. Pambuyo pake, amalumikizidwa pakati. Ndibwino kuti mupange mizere iwiri ya pamakhala. Pakatikati pa mpendadzuwa amapangidwa ngati mbewu kapena nyemba za khofi. Njira yachiwiri ndiyabwino chifukwa idzatenga nthawi yochepa.
Corrugated pepala
Zidutswa zazitali pafupifupi theka la mita ndi 3-5 cm mulifupi zimadulidwamo. Kuti zipangidwe, ngodya yakumtunda ndiyopindika, pambuyo pake mphindi yachiwiri, yopindika kwathunthu imapangidwa. Muyenera kugwira pamwamba ndi dzanja limodzi ndikukweza pansi ndi dzanja linalo. Kusuntha kopindika kumapangidwa. Mzerewo ukapindidwa kukhala chubu, chotsalira ndikungopanga mawonekedwe awa kukhala duwa. Pansi pake pamakhala korona. Amapanga mpira. Kapangidwe kazungulira kamamangiriridwa ndi twine, pambuyo pake muyenera kukongoletsa ndi maluwa. Chotsatira ndikukhazikitsa thunthu mumiphika. Iyenera kuyikidwa mu thovu ndikudzazidwa ndi alabaster. Pamalopo pamakhala chokongoletsedwa. Mutha kusankha nthambi zazing'ono zazomera monga zokongoletsa. Gawo lotsatira ndikulumikiza maluwa ku mpira pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo kapena guluu wotentha. Zitha kuikidwa mozungulira ngakhale m'mizere yosokonekera.
Kuchokera kumverera
Mudzafunika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndi nsalu yobiriwira masamba. Zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala maliboni, kuluka, chitha cha utoto wa akiliriki, chidebe chokongola pamunsi, ndodo, thovu lopanda mawonekedwe a mpira, mikanda yayikulu ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera.
Kuti mukongoletse mpira wawukulu, mufunika masamba asanu ndi awiri akumverera, kuphatikiza awiri obiriwira, ena onse mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Masambawo amadulidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo maluwawo amapangidwa kuchokera kuzidutswa zozungulira. Kudula kwauzimu, guluu ndi mkanda zidzapangitsa maluwa kukhala omaliza. Korona wamiyendo ndikosavuta kupanga kuchokera pamapepala osokonekera. Guluu, ulusi kapena tepi ndikwanira kuti muteteze. Pambuyo pake, gawo lotsika la kapangidwe kadzaza - mphika. Kenako pansi pake pamakongoletsedwa ndi miyala yokongoletsera, pamwamba pake imakongoletsedwa ndi maliboni, ndodo yolumikizira mbali ziwirizi ndi yojambulidwa ndi chidebe chopopera.
Kuti mudzaze mphika womwe mukufuna:
- miyala;
- ubweya wa thonje;
- gypsum.
Kuchokera ku maswiti
Maswiti atha ntchito atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati topiary. Ngati lingaliro ndiloti maswiti angang'ambike ndikudya, ndiye kuti ayenera kulumikizidwa bwino komanso ndi guluu wocheperako. Kukongoletsa kumtunda kwa topiary, maswiti aliwonse, marmalade, truffles, marshmallows, maswiti ataliatali, maswiti pamtengo (Chupa-Chups, ndi zina) zitha kukhala zothandiza. Zinthu zabwino kwambiri za mpira pansi pa korona ndi polystyrene, mipira ya papier-mâché ndioyenera. Udindo wapansi ungaseweredwe ndi mphika wa pulasitala kapena thovu la polyurethane. Mwendo uli mkati mwake. Gawo lomaliza la msonkhano ndikukhazikitsa korona. Ndodoyo imakankhidwira pafupifupi pakatikati pa mpira. Gawo lomaliza ndi losangalatsa kwambiri. Thunthu limakongoletsedwa ndi zopopera zonyezimira, mauta, ma sequin, maliboni. Mphikawo umakongoletsedwa ndi mikanda yayikulu, ndalama, miyala, moss wamoyo.
Kuchokera maluwa atsopano
Izi zidzakhala mphatso zabwino tsiku la Valentine. Mufunika maluwawo, komanso maliboni, siponji yamaluwa, utoto wokongoletsera, ndodo yamatabwa, putty, thumba la pulasitiki, mphika wamaluwa. Mkati mwa mphikawo munakutidwa ndi thumba. Putty amathiridwa pamenepo, malo otsalawo ndiye amakongoletsedwa ndi moss wokongoletsa. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa ndodo, zikuchokera ayenera kusiya kwa maola khumi. Mukamaliza kuchira, muyenera kuchotsa m'mbali mwa thumba. Kenako kansalu kakang'ono kamadulidwa kuchiponji chamaluwa. Amakhuthulidwa ndi madzi ndikuyika mumphika wamaluwa. Moss wokongoletsa amaikidwa pamalo onyowa. Chinkhupule chatsalacho ndichomwe chimayambira korona. Thunthu la mtengo wa mtengo limakhazikika pakati pake. Maluwa onse amaphatikizidwa ndi korona pogwiritsa ntchito guluu ndi tepi. Zolembazo ziyenera kukongoletsedwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsa.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito topiary ngati mphatso, muyenera kusonkhanitsa maluwa osamvetseka.
Za ndalama ndi mabilu
Nthawi zina amatchedwa "mtengo wamtengo", koma topiary alibe chochita ndi chomera chenicheni chokhala ndi dzina lomweli. Kuti mupange mtengo, mufunika: mpira wa thovu, waya, waya wolimba, lumo, alabasitala, mfuti ya guluu, riboni ya satini, ulusi wa sisal, vase, mapepala amabanki (mutha kugula m'masitolo azoseweretsa ana kapena kuyitanitsa pa intaneti). Mabilo amakopedwa m'njira yoti apange petal ndi zina "zamkati". Maluwawo amapindidwa maluwa, asanu mulimonse. Amalumikizidwa kapena kusokedwa, ndipo ndalama zimamatira pakatikati. Kenako maluwa "amandalama" amaikidwa pa mpira wa thovu.
Kuti akonze thunthu lake, vesuyo anadzazidwa ndi alabasitala wosungunulidwa m'madzi mofanana. Kusasinthasintha kwa chisakanizocho kuyenera kufanana ndi kirimu wowawasa. Kenaka zingwe zingapo zimalowetsedwa mu beseni kuti zifanizire zimayambira. Chidebechi chimakongoletsedwa ndi mlongo.
Kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe
Pokonzekera zinthu zoterezi, amazindikira malingaliro awo opanga. Mwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi: mabokosi, ma acorn, zipolopolo, miyala, masamba, zipatso zouma, chidebe chachikulu chokhala ndi pepala lokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, nthambi, gypsum, mapepala. Choyamba, korona amapangidwa - pepalalo limakulungidwa mumapangidwe ozungulira ndikumangirizidwa ndi ulusi. Bowo limapangidwa mu mpira. Guluu wotentha amathiridwa pamenepo, ndodo imalowetsedwa.Gawo lakumunsi limapangidwa kuchokera pachikho chachikulu cha pepala ndi pulasitala, chomwe chimadzazidwa nacho. Ndodo imayikidwa mu chidebecho ndikudikirira mpaka iume. Gawo lotsatira ndikukongoletsa. Ndi bwino kukongoletsa thunthu kutalika kwake konse. Korona amatha kumaliza mutu wankhani iliyonse. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisonkhanitse zinthu zomwe zikuyimira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse amaphatikizidwa bwino:
- zipatso za mitengo;
- zidutswa za zomera;
- magawo a miyala yamtengo wapatali;
- miyala yamitundu yambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira
Zipangizo ndi zida zotsatirazi zikufunika: matepi, zopukutira m'mitundu mitundu, zokutira mano, polystyrene, guluu, chitoliro, mawonekedwe ozungulira, mphika, chowongolera, ndi pepala lokhala ndi utoto. Gawo loyamba ndikudula mapepala kuchokera pamapepala. Kutalika koyenera kwa zidutswazo ndi masentimita 30, m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 1.5. Chidutswa chilichonse chimadulidwa ndi tinsel ndikumata m'mbali mwake ndi china. Mtundu wa mikwingwirima ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kapena womwewo. Zingwe zonse ndizopindidwa mozungulira zotsukira mano kukhala timagulu ting'onoting'ono. Iliyonse ya iyo idatembenuzidwira mkati mbali imodzi. Dulani maluwa omwe amapezeka, chomwe ndichikhalidwe cha njira yosiya. Kenako amamatira kumpira ndi guluu wotentha. Mpira wa korona umapangidwa ndi dzanja, kapena amagula pulasitiki wamba. Asanalole kuti korona iume, imakhazikika mlengalenga. Muyenera kukhazikitsa mpirawo pachidutswa cha chitoliro ndikuyikonza mumphika ndi thovu.
Topiary kwa Chaka Chatsopano
Mtengo wotere umatha kusintha mtengo wa tchuthi; mogwirizana mogwirizana ndi mkati. Mutu wa Chaka Chatsopano ndi wowala komanso wowoneka bwino, chifukwa chake malo ophunzitsira anthu amakhala ndi zinthu zokwera mtengo, makamaka zonyezimira.
Kuti apange korona, zoseweretsa zamtengo wa Khrisimasi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zozungulira komanso zazitali, wamba komanso zosasweka, zolimba komanso zofewa. Zida zina za Chaka Chatsopano zidzathandizanso: mabelu, ma cones, maswiti, nswala, kulongedza. Ndikofunika kuti topiary yotereyi isagwe, motero nyumbayo imakhazikika mumphika. Kuti muchite izi, mufunika cholembera chochuluka pamunsi ndi mbiya yayikulu yopangidwa ndi makatoni akuda. Kugwiritsa ntchito thovu lokhazikika ngati maziko a korona siyothetsera vuto. Muyenera kugula malo okongola. Zinthu zonse zimakhazikika pamenepo pogwiritsa ntchito mano asanamangidwe.
Zojambula zakumapeto
Muyenera kupeza zinthu monga pulasitala, guluu (kapena mfuti ya guluu), katoni kakang'ono, styrofoam, twine, zopukutira pamapepala, ndodo, manyuzipepala akale, nsalu zokongoletsera. Mpira umapangidwa ndimanyuzipepala. Amachokeranso ndi ulusi, wokutidwa ndi zopukutira pamwamba. Muyenera kudikirira maola ochepa kuti workpiece iume.
Udindo wa thunthu udzachitidwa ndi ndodo yayitali. Pofuna kukonza kukongoletsa, idakulungidwa mu twine. Gawo lakumunsi, choyimilira, limapangidwa kuchokera kubokosi laling'ono lalikulu. Bwino kukhala ndi bokosi lamaswiti. Ndikofunika kuyika chidebe chokhala ndi makoma olimba mkati. Lili ndi pulasitala, kenako thunthu limakonzedwa. Kenako mpira amauyika pa ndodo ndikukutidwa ndi ma acorn, ma chestnuts, ndi zina. Malo omasuka pakati pamakoma a chidebecho ndi bokosi limadzaza ndi zinthu zokongoletsera.
Zida zazikulu zomaliza za korona ziyenera kukhala:
- mabokosi,
- zipatso,
- masamba achikasu
- nsomba zamkango.
Topiary pamutu wam'madzi
Chigoba chakunja cha chisoticho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi mikanda, zipolopolo, nyenyezi, maliboni, zinthu zolimba zochokera ku organic (zidutswa zamakorali). Thunthu lake limapangidwa ndi waya wokutira, nthambi zowuma kapena mapensulo. Ndi bwino kukulunga ndi nsalu zamtundu. Mitundu ya mthunzi siyoperewera, koma kuti isunge kuyanjana ndi gombe la nyanja, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizikhala pamitundu yoyera ndi yamtambo, kangapo - yobiriwira.
Zipangizo monga thovu polyurethane, silicone, miyala, ulusi wa ulusi, nsanza za organza, mchere wamchere, nyuzipepala, ulusi ndizothandiza. Maziko a korona amapangidwa ndi nyuzipepala zosokonekera. Makoma a m'munsiwo ndi mphika, wokutidwa ndi organza. Thunthu limakulungidwa ndi thumba (kenako limakongoletsedwa). Mapeto ake afewetsedwa ndi guluu kuti akhazikitse mpira wanyuzipepala pambuyo pake. Mbali yakumunsi ya ndodo imakhazikika mumphika. Pambuyo pake, korona adadulidwa ndipo mtengo wonse umakongoletsedwa.
Topiary yaukwati
Kukongoletsa koteroko nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa patebulo laukwati. Ndi chizolowezi kuchipanga kuchokera kuzinthu zokwera mtengo zogwirizana ndi momwe mwambowo ulili. Mitundu yolimbikitsidwa imaphatikizapo zoyera, zamtambo ndi zofiira. Mbali yofunika ya ukwati topiary ndi pachimake. Mbiya yoyera yachitsulo yokhala ndi zojambulajambula ziyenera kukopa chidwi kumbuyo kwa zokongoletsa zina zonse. Choyamba, chidebe chimakonzedwa: chimakongoletsedwa ndi zingwe, kapena njira ya decoupage imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndodoyo imalowetsedwa mu chidebecho, ndipo akamaliza kuumitsa, pamwamba pake pamakongoletsedwa ndi mikanda, miyala ya ngale ndi udzu wopangira. Maluwa amapangidwa kuchokera ku organza. Amakongoletsedwa ndi mikanda ndipo amamangiriridwa ku mpira kuti apange korona. Pamwamba pake pamakhala ndi mfuti ya guluu. Kuyambira pano, gawo lomaliza la zokongoletsa liyamba - zokongoletsa ndi zinthu zazing'ono.
Zakudya zapamwamba za Isitala
Korona wa chinthu ichi amakongoletsa ndi maluwa opanga, mazira amitundu yambiri, zobiriwira, agulugufe, mipira ya ulusi. Maziko apamwamba amatha kupangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: kuchokera ku nyuzipepala, thovu la polyurethane, polystyrene; gwiritsani siponji yamaluwa. Gawo loyamba ndikukonzekera maziko a dongosolo lonselo. Kungakhale chitini chopanda kanthu. Chidutswa cha thovu chimayikidwa mmenemo kuti makoma athe kulimbana ndi kupsinjika kwa gulu, lomwe lidzatsanulidwa pambuyo pake. Kuti apange thunthu, skewers zamatabwa kapena zopanda pake zoyambirira - Salex ndi othandiza. Mukayima koyamba, mufunika thumba ndi mfuti yotentha yomata kuti mugwire ndodozo limodzi. Musanadzaze mtsuko ndi gypsum, mafuta kumapeto kwa mbiya yomalizidwa ndi guluu ndikudina mu thovu. Mukadzaza chotengera ndi zinthu zophatikizika, pitilizani kukhazikitsa korona.
Mapeto
Kusakwanira mkati, tchuthi chomwe chikubwera, kufunafuna ndalama kapena luso - mndandanda wawung'ono wazifukwa zogwirira ntchito yoluka. Maphunziro a Master omwe ali ndi malangizo osavuta komanso omveka bwino athandiza oyamba kumene kuchita zoyambira zawo zopangidwa ndi manja, makamaka, muukadaulo wamapamwamba, womwe wakhala wotchuka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kuti mupange topiary yokongola ndi manja anu, simuyenera kugula zida zazikulu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yochuluka. Mu maola ochepa ogwira ntchito, mupeza chitsanzo chabwino cha zaluso zokongoletsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, zomaliza ndi zokongoletsera zithandizira kupanga topiary yapadera. Zitsanzo zowoneka pazithunzi ndi makanema zikuthandizani kusankha zomwe mungasankhe. Malo onse opangira topiary amakhala ndi zigawo zakumtunda, zam'munsi, komanso thunthu limodzi kapena angapo, palibe zoletsa pazinthu zina.
