Ottoman ndichinthu chabwino komanso chothandiza mkati. Imakwaniritsa bwino mipando, imapanga danga lokongola ndipo imabweretsa chisangalalo chapadera kuchipinda. Ottoman amatha kuthana ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana omwe amayenera kuchita. Itha kukhala ngati mpando kapena benchi, phazi, malo osungira. Ngati mukufuna kupangitsa chipinda kukhala chokongola komanso chosangalatsa, ottoman ndiye chinthu choyenera chomwe chingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi ntchitoyi mosavuta. Ndipo ngati bajeti yanu siyimapereka ndalama zotere, koma mukufunadi kukhala pampando wabwino, pangani ottoman ndi manja anu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta.
Mitundu ya nkhuku
Nkhumba zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yabwino, yokongola komanso yabwino. Pali mitundu yambiri ya chinthu ichi. Oimira akulu pagulu la mipandoyi ndi zinthu zazitali kapena zozungulira zokhala ndi chimango cholimba, matumba a nyemba, madyerero, nyumba zokhala ndi malo osungira, dzenje mkati, ndi kabati.
Pali magawo atatu akulu a ottomans. Amatha kugawidwa m'magulu, moyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga, mawonekedwe, magwiridwe antchito.
Mwa kapangidwe, ottomans atha kukhala:
- ndi chimango chotseguka - amawoneka ngati benchi yaying'ono;
- ndi chimango chatsekedwa;
- kufufuma;
- opanda pake.
Nkhumba zomwe zili ndi chimango chotseguka zimatha kukhala chifukwa cha bajeti. Amafanana ndi mipando yaying'ono kapena mipando. Pansi pake pamapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena matabwa. Mpando wofewa waikidwa pamwamba.
Nkhumba zotsekedwa zimakulungidwa ndi nsalu kapena zikopa mbali zonse. Amatha kukhala ndi miyendo yaying'ono yokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7. Mosiyana ndi miyendo, magudumu amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti musunthire malonda kuchokera mbali imodzi ya chipinda kupita mbali inayo, osachita khama, komanso zipinda zoyandikana nazo. Kuyenda ndiye mawonekedwe ofunikira kwambiri kwa ottomans.
Makamaka otchuka ndi zinthu zomwe chimango sichikupezeka. Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa kuti zotupa - matumba. Zitha kukhala zazing'ono, zozungulira, zamakona anayi kapena zooneka ngati peyala. Mipira ya thovu ya polystyrene imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudzazidwa. Chifukwa cha iwo, mpando umatha kutenga mawonekedwe a thupi la munthu amene wakhala mmenemo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musangalale komanso kupumula.
Pakapangidwe ka nkhuku zofufuma, nsalu zowirira ndi kamera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chofufumiracho chimayikidwa mkati pachikuto, chomwe, ngati kuli kotheka, chingachotsedwe mwachangu ndikusambitsidwa.
Gulu lina la nkhuku limalola kuti ligawidwe m'magulu kutengera kukhazikika. Zimatengera mtundu wazodzaza womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa iwo.
Ottoman amakhalabe ofewa ngati atadzazidwa ndi polyester polyester, holofiber, thovu la polyurethane. Pamwamba pazogulitsazo nthawi zambiri zimakutidwa ndi chikopa - zachilengedwe komanso zopangira. Ma ottoman awa amawoneka okongola komanso ovomerezeka. Komanso, popangira nsalu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsalu zowoneka bwino imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa ma ottomani kukhala obisika.
Zosankha zolimba zimapangidwa ndi matabwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena rattan. Zida zimapangidwa ndi varnished kapena utoto. Nkhuku zotere zimatha kusintha tebulo la khofi. Izi si zojambula zabwino kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo amatha kukongoletsa mkati.
Gawo lotsatira ndikutengera kwa ma ottomans. Amatha kukhala ngati mipando, zowonjezera zowonjezera mipando yolimbikitsidwa, ma thiransifoma.
Mpando wa ottoman umakhala wamtali pafupifupi masentimita 35-40. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ataliatali kuposa mipando yanthawi zonse ndipo amafanana ndi benchi. Dzina lawo lachiwiri ndi benchi. Kwa zipinda zokongoletsedwa kalembedwe kanozitukumula kosavomerezeka ndizabwino.
Pouf - kuwonjezera, monga lamulo, imagulidwa limodzi ndi sofa, bedi kapena mipando ndipo idapangidwa mofananamo ndi mawonekedwe amtundu ndi mipando yonse.
Ottoman wosinthira amatha kusandulika kukhala mpando, bedi lopinda, mipando isanu.
Kudzitukumula kokhala ndi misana kutha kukhala chifukwa cha gulu lina. Amafanana ndi mipando yaying'ono yazing'ono.
Maphunziro a Master opangira nkhuku kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana
Kupeza thumba lokonzedwa m'sitolo ndikosavuta. Koma njirayi siyoyenera nthawi zonse chifukwa cha bajeti yocheperako kapena kusankha kwamapangidwe. Ndiye ndikosavuta kupanga mipando iyi ndi manja anu.
Pouf yopangidwa ndi mipando yakale yakale
Ngati muli ndi ndalama zochepa, koma muli ndi nduna yakale yomwe ili ndi nthawi yabwino kuti muitaye, maziko a chikhocho amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kumagulu ake.
Zida ndi zida
Kuti mupange ottoman, konzekerani:
- tsatanetsatane wa mipando yakale;
- kupanga winterizer;
- nsalu zovekera;
- zomangira;
- zodzipangira zokha;
- stapler yomanga ndi chakudya;
- jigsaw yamagetsi;
- roleti;
- zomangira;
- lumo.
Gawo ndi gawo mbuye kalasi
- Timadula magawo a chikho.
- Timagwiritsa ntchito chimango pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zokhazokha.
- Timakulunga malonda ndi polyester ya padding ndikuikonza ndi stapler.
- Timatambasula nsaluyo, kukulunga m'mbali 1 cm mkati, ndikulumikiza pachimango.
- Timakweza miyendo.
Kupanga, kukongoletsa komanso kukongoletsa zomwe zatsirizidwa
Chogulitsidwacho chikhoza kukongoletsedwa ndi tayi yamagalimoto, zingwe zagolide, mphonje - iyi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri pamitundu yoyambira komanso ya avant-garde. Mu minimalism, mawonekedwe abwino amasiyidwa osalala komanso achidule. Zokongoletsa zilizonse pankhaniyi sizikhala zapamwamba.
Turo wankhuni
Tengani nthawi yanu kutaya tayala lakale - lili ndi mwayi wopeza moyo wachiwiri. Gudumu limatha kusandutsidwa thumba labwino komanso loyambirira.
Zida ndi zida
Kuti ntchitoyo ichitike, muyenera kukhala ndi:
- tayala;
- pepala plywood;
- chingwe cha sisal;
- varnish;
- muyeso wamatepi;
- kubowola;
- chowombera;
- zodzipangira zokha;
- jigsaw;
- lumo;
- mfuti ya guluu;
- kumata;
- burashi.
Gawo ndi gawo mbuye kalasi
- Choyamba, muyenera kukonzekera tayala - lisambitseni bwino ndikuwumitsa. Gwiritsani ntchito burashi kuti muchotse dothi louma pakupondaponda.
- Timayika tayala papepala, timalitsata ndi pensulo ndikudula gululi ndi jigsaw. Chovala ichi chikhala ngati mpando. Timapanga maziko pogwiritsa ntchito bwalo loyamba ngati template.
Bwererani pang'ono mu tayala pamene mukujambula bwalolo. Chifukwa cha ichi, kutulutsa kumapangidwa, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kumata ndi chingwe.
- Timalumikiza plywood disc ndi tayala. Timangiriza mpando, kuukakamiza pansi ndikupanga mabowo angapo pobowola matabwa ndi mphira. Onetsetsani kuti gawolo silikusuntha, izi zidzakupangitsani kukhala kosavuta kujowina mabowo omwe apangidwa. Tetezani chogwirira ntchito poyika chinthu cholemetsa pamenepo. Kenako wononga zomangira m'mabowo omwe anapangidwa kale. Gawo lachiwiri timakonza tayala kuchokera kumbuyo chimodzimodzi.
Kupanga, kukongoletsa komanso kukongoletsa zomwe zatsirizidwa
Timakongoletsa thumba ndi chingwe cha sisal. Idzaphimba mphira ndi plywood mosawoneka bwino, ndikupatsa mankhwalawa mawonekedwe omaliza komanso owoneka bwino.
Timayamba kugwira ntchito kuchokera pakati pa plywood disc. Timatenthetsa mfuti ya thermo mpaka ndodoyo itasungunuka. Timapukuta kapangidwe kake mumiyeso yaying'ono - gawo limodzi kwamasamba 2-3. Kukula kwa kutembenuka kukuwonjezeka, kumwa guluu kumakulanso.
Osapanikiza guluu wambiri nthawi imodzi - imakhuthala mwachangu kwambiri.
Tikamamatira pampando, timapitilizabe kumata chingwe kumtunda kwa tayalalo. Ma coil amayenera kuyikidwa molimba momwe angathere, osasiya mipata ndi mphira ikuyang'ana pakati pawo. Kumbukirani kuyika kumapeto kwa chimbale cha pansi cha plywood ndi chingwe. Ntchitoyi ikhoza kumalizidwa pa izi - maziko sayenera kukongoletsedwa. Dulani chingwecho ndikukonzekera mathero ake bwino. Ngati mukufuna kuti chikwama chiziyenda kapena kungokwera pansi, yolumikizani miyendo kapena nyumba zokhala ndi zoponyera pamenepo.
Pomaliza, tsekani malo onse okutidwa a ottoman ndi zigawo ziwiri za varnish. Izi ziwonetsetsa kuti malonda ake ndi olimba komanso amakulolani kuti muwagwiritse ntchito ngakhale panja.
Kapenanso, mutha kupanga lingaliro lojambula tayalalo ndi mtundu wowala, pangani mpando kukhala wofewa, pogwiritsa ntchito yokuzira yozizira kapena mphira wa thovu ngati phula. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kulumikiza matayala awiri pakona pa madigiri 90 - mumalandira ottoman kumbuyo. The kumulowetsa akhoza m'malo ndi chivundikiro zochotseka - n'zosavuta kusamalira. Kuti mupange, mutha kutenga nsalu yonse, kapena mutha kusoka chinthu kuchokera nsanza kapena kulukidwa ndi ulusi. M'mbali mutha kulumikiza matumba osungira tinthu tating'ono.
Pouf wopangidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki
Maganizo a opanga alibe malire. Amagwiritsanso ntchito zinthu monga mabotolo apulasitiki opanda kanthu. Tikuuzani momwe mungapangire ottoman abwino kwambiri kwa iwo kanyumba kachilimwe kapena chipinda cha ana.
Zida ndi zida
Kupanga zinthu m'mabotolo apulasitiki muyenera:
- Mabotolo 16 a 1.5 malita;
- chikhoto cha mvula kapena nsalu ina iliyonse yopangira mlandu ndi utoto womwe umagwirizana ndi kalembedwe mchipinda chonse;
- mphezi;
- thovu thovu akalowa;
- awiri amaganiza tepi;
- kusoka singano;
- ulusi;
- mpeni wa zolembera;
- makatoni.
Gawo ndi gawo mbuye kalasi
- Timakulunga botolo ndi tepi. Idzakhala likulu la kapangidwe kake.
- Timamatira mabotolo ena 3-4 pachidebe choyamba. Manga tepi kachiwiri.
- Timamatira kapangidwe kake ndi mabotolo mozungulira. Gwirizanitsani m'mphepete mwa kugwiritsa ntchito malo olimba.
- Dulani zimbale ziwiri kuchokera pamakatoni. Timakongoletsa pamwamba ndi pansi pa malonda nawo. Ngati ndi kotheka, mpando ndi maziko ake ndizopangidwa bwino ndi plywood.
- Timakulunga chikho chamtsogolo ndi mphira wa thovu ndikusoka malumikizowo.
- Timatenga miyeso kuchokera ku pouf yolandilidwa. Timasamutsa zomwe tapeza ku nsalu.
- Tidadula tsatanetsatane wa chikuto chamtsogolo kuchokera ku nsalu ya mvula ndi kusoka. Timasoka njoka pambali. Yesetsani kuti mugwirizane ndi malonda kukula kwa chikwama, apo ayi zotsatira zomaliza sizikusangalatsani.
Kupanga, kukongoletsa komanso kukongoletsa zomwe zatsirizidwa
Gawo lotsatira ndikukongoletsa chinthucho.
Pali njira zambiri zokongoletsera thumba la botolo. Mutha kusoka ma ruffles, maliboni a satini kapena kuluka mozungulira, kupanga nsalu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito, kusoka m'matumba. Zida zokutidwa ndi ma denim, matting, ubweya wachinyengo zimawoneka bwino.
Nkhumba yosokedwa kapena yoluka
Chivundikirocho chikhoza kulukidwa. Chogulitsa choterocho chikuwoneka chokongola modabwitsa mkati, chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa. Idzakwanira bwino kukongoletsa chipinda chilichonse mnyumbamo - holo, chipinda chogona, nazale, khwalala.
Zida ndi zida
Kuti mupange nkhumba yoluka, muyenera:
- 600-700 magalamu a ulusi wandiweyani - ulusi wopangira riboni, zopangira zomwe zimasunga mawonekedwe awo bwino, ndi chisankho chabwino;
- singano zokhala ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 15 kapena mbedza yofanana;
- mphira wa thovu kapena mipira yowonjezera ya polystyrene.
Gawo ndi gawo mbuye kalasi
- Tinaluka garter kapena nsalu za hosiery. Pambuyo pake, timapinda ndikupukuta m'lifupi. Timadzaza mawonekedwewo ndi mphira wa thovu ndikusoka m'mbali.
- Ngati mukukoka nkhumba, yambani kuchokera pakati. Tinaluka malupu angapo amlengalenga ndikuwalumikiza mu mphete. Timapitilirabe kulumikizana ndi bwalo lokhala ndi zipilala zokhala ndi crochet kapena popanda, osayiwala kupanga zowonjezera. Kuti timalize mbali yammbali, timasiya kuwonjezera malupu. Pamene tikulumikiza maziko ake, timayamba kuchepa.
Kupanga, kukongoletsa komanso kukongoletsa zomwe zatsirizidwa
Chojambulacho chitha kukongoletsedwa ndi maluwa osokedwa, masamba, mabatani, mikanda, maliboni, kumva kapena kulira. Ngati mawonekedwe osangalatsa adagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yoluka kapena chithunzi, mutha kukana zokongoletsa zina.
Pouf wozungulira wopangidwa ndi matabwa
Ngati mukufuna kuti malonda akutumikireni kwazaka zambiri, tikupangira kusankha chimango chamatabwa monga maziko ake.
Zida ndi zida
Kuti ntchitoyo ichitike, muyenera kukhala ndi:
- koyilo yamatabwa kuchokera pachingwe;
- Mitengo 8 yamatabwa okhala ndi kukula kwa 2.5x5x15 cm;
- kumatira nkhuni;
- kutsitsi guluu;
- zomangira;
- 1.5 m kumenya;
- mphira wa thovu, womwe makulidwe ake ndi 1 cm kuposa mtengo - pafupifupi 9-15 cm.
- nsalu zokutira matabwa;
- nsalu zovekera;
- zomangirira zomanga ndi zomangira zamipando;
- ndi kubowola magetsi;
- lumo;
- mapuloteni;
- zotsekemera zathyathyathya;
- miyendo.
Gawo ndi gawo mbuye kalasi
- Timapanga chitsanzo. Timasunthira kukula kwa coil pamapepala osakira, kukumbukira kuwonjezera 1 cm pamsoko.
- Timagwirizanitsa mabwalo a coil pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa.
- Timaphimba poliyesitala pomenyera komanso padding. Matepi opangidwa ndi zinthuzi amamangiriridwa m'mbali zakunja kwa zimbale zakumtunda ndi pansi.
- Dulani bwalo la thovu la thovu, kulilumikiza kumtunda wakumtunda ndi guluu.
- Timadula chivundikirocho pogwiritsa ntchito template, ndikupangitsa kuti kukwera kwa coil kukhale masentimita atatu, mozungulira - 12 cm.
- Timasoka nsalu, kutembenukira mkati ndikutambasula ma seams kuchokera panja.
- Timayika chivundikirocho pa ottoman ndikuchikonza kuchokera pansi ndi stapler.
- Timamangiriza miyendo pamtunda wofanana wina ndi mnzake, titapanga kale zolembazo ndikuboola mabowo okonzera mbale.
Kupanga, kukongoletsa komanso kukongoletsa zomwe zatsirizidwa
Chivundikirocho chikhoza kukongoletsedwa ndi ma ruffles, ma shreds, osindikizidwa pamakina ndi chingwe chakuda chokongoletsera, mikanda. Kusankha zokongoletsa kumatengera kalembedwe ka chipinda ndikumaliza kwa mipando yonse.
Pouf ndi tebulo ndi benchi ya benchi panjira
Nkhuku yokhala ndi bokosi losungira kapena yopangidwa ngati phwando ndi imodzi mwa mipando yofunikira kwambiri pakhonde. Sikuti ndi mpando wokhawo womwe umapangitsa kuvala nsapato zako kukhala kosavuta, komanso malo abwino osungira zinthu zofunika. Nkhuku yotere imathandiza m'chipinda chilichonse cha nyumba - kukhitchini ndi nazale - pokhala alendo, pabalaza - powerengera pansi pa zenera, m'chipinda chogona - ngati phwando la pambali pa kama.
Msika wamasiku ano wamipando umapereka mitundu yambiri yazopangidwayi ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana ndi magwiridwe antchito. Pali nkhuku zokhala ndi mashelufu, zowawa, zopangidwa ngati chifuwa. Koma bwanji ngati zomwe mwamaliza sizili zotsika mtengo, kapena simunapeze chowonjezera chomwe chikukwanira mkati mwanu? Poterepa, tikupangira kuti mupange phukusi ndi manja anu.
Zida ndi zida
Mufunika:
- zipangizo zopangira chimango - matabwa, komanso plywood, chipboard kapena board board;
- thovu;
- nsalu zopangira nsalu - velvet, velor, jinzi, zovala zokutira zolimba kapena thonje lakuda basi;
- screwdriver kapena kubowola;
- kubowola nkhuni kapena chitsulo chokhala ndi mamilimita atatu;
- zomangira 15 ndi 50 mm;
- piano kuzungulira;
- roleti;
- stapler;
- zowonjezera ndi kukula kwa 15-25 mm;
- kuthyolako;
- nyundo;
- mpeni wa zolembera;
- utoto burashi;
- banga kapena utoto.
Mufunika tebulo lalikulu kapena benchi yogwirira ntchito kuti muchepetse nkhaniyo.
Gawo ndi gawo mbuye kalasi
- Timadula tsatanetsatane wa chimango molingana ndi chiwembucho.
- Timasonkhanitsa chimango.
- Timajambula chimango kuchokera mkati.
- Timasonkhanitsa choyimilira ndikuchijambula panja.
- Timayika chivundikirocho pachimango. Iyenera kukwana ndendende mozungulira bokosi. Chingwe cha limba chiyenera kukhala chachifupi masentimita 5 kuposa chivundikirocho.
- Timachikulitsa ndi mphira wa thovu ndikuphimba ndi nsalu. Lembani nsaluyo m'mphepete mwa 1 cm ndikuyiyambitsa kuseri kwa mbalizo.
- Timalumikiza choyimilira.
Kupanga, kukongoletsa komanso kukongoletsa zomwe zatsirizidwa
Yakwana nthawi yowonetsa luso lanu la kapangidwe, posankha mtundu ndi mtundu wazinthu zokhazokha, komanso mapangidwe azokongoletsa zamadyerero amtsogolo. Zitha kukhala mabatani kapena zipilala zonyamula, kuzungulira kwa mpando kumatha kuchitika ndi nsalu kapena nsalu yayikulu, yoyikidwa m'makutu ang'onoang'ono.
Pouf transformer 5 mu 1 yokhala ndi chimango chachitsulo
Chogulitsidwacho ndi kacube kansalu kachinsinsi. Chowonadi ndichakuti mbali iliyonse ndiye chivindikiro cha chimodzi mwa mipando isanu.
Kupanga zabwino ndi zoyipa
Ubwino waukulu wachitsanzowu ndi mgwirizano wake.Ottoman amatenga malo ochepa, motero ndizosavuta kusunga ndi kunyamula, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, mutha kukhazika banja lonse pazinthu zake.
Mwa zolakwika zapangidwe, munthu amatha kutulutsa mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Koma ngati mupanga zomwezo mkati mwanu, zikhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Zida zofunikira ndi zida
Kupanga kapangidwe kake muyenera;
- Chipboard, plywood kapena MDF;
- jigsaw - Buku kapena magetsi;
- miyendo mipando;
- zomangira;
- zodzipangira zokha;
- wolamulira;
- zakuthupi - nsalu kapena dermantin;
- kupanga winterizer.
Miyeso yopanga kapangidwe
- Timadula zokutira zamtsogolo zamtsogolo.
- Timaphimba mawonekedwewo ndi polyester ya padding.
- Timayika zokutira pamwamba ndikuzikonza kumbuyo kwa chivundikirocho.
- Timamangirira miyendo.
- Timapinda kabokosi kuchokera pansi.
Mapangidwe ndi zokongoletsa
Kapangidwe kameneka ndi koyenera kuchitira mkati amakono ndi luso lawo. Sifunika kukongoletsa mopitilira muyeso, chifukwa pawokha ndi yankho losangalatsa.
Momwe mungasokere nkhuku kapena thumba la nyemba ndi manja anu
Nkhumba zopanda mafelemu ndizotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa zili ndi zabwino zambiri. Ndizowoneka bwino, zopepuka, zoyenda, zimatenga malo ocheperako ndipo zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe amthupi, kotero kuti katunduyo agawidwe chimodzimodzi. Ndizotheka kupanga nokha thumba la nyemba. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kungojambula zojambulazo, kudula ziwalozo, kusoka m'mbali ndi kudzaza mankhwalawo ndi polyurethane ball filler.
Ndi nsalu iti yomwe mungasankhe mipando yopanda mawonekedwe
Mpando wa thumba la nyemba uli ndi zokutira ziwiri. Mkati mwake muyenera kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopumira, zolimba. Kunja, ndikofunikira kusankha chokongola, komanso nthawi yomweyo mphamvu yolimba, nsalu yosavuta kuyeretsa, yolimbana ndi kumva kuwawa. Chisankho chabwino kwambiri ndi "Oxford", yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mahema. Ali ndi mimba yapadera, yomwe imapangitsa kuti isamadziwe madzi. Chifukwa cha izi, ottomans opangidwa ndi nsalu iyi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja. Chinsalucho chimapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kotero mutha kusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri mkati.
Njira ina pazinthu zakutsogolo ndi eco-chikopa. Mulinso zosagwira madzi komanso zosavuta kumusamalira.
Ngati ottoman azigwiritsidwa ntchito panyumba pokha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zina zowirira - corduroy kapena tapestry. Komabe, pakusamba, chophimba choterocho chiyenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa chake zipper iyenera kuyikidwa.
Kupanga ottoman opangidwa ndiokha sikovuta konse. Sankhani mtundu womwe mumakonda ndikugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lanu.
